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    Nanosecond Pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharge Ionization Mass Spectrometry
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    • Ezaz Ahmed
      Ezaz Ahmed
      School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
      More by Ezaz Ahmed
    • Dan Xiao
      Dan Xiao
      School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
      More by Dan Xiao
    • Morphy C. Dumlao
      Morphy C. Dumlao
      School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
      School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
      National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
      Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
      More by Morphy C. Dumlao
    • Christopher C. Steel
      Christopher C. Steel
      School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
      National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
      More by Christopher C. Steel
    • Leigh M. Schmidtke
      Leigh M. Schmidtke
      School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
      National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
      Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
      More by Leigh M. Schmidtke
      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-9765-5510
    • John Fletcher
      John Fletcher
      School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
      More by John Fletcher
    • William A. Donald*
      William A. Donald
      School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
      *E-mail: [email protected]
      More by William A. Donald
      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-6622-8193
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    Analytical Chemistry

    Cite this: Anal. Chem. 2020, 92, 6, 4468–4474
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05491
    Published February 21, 2020
    Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Dielectric barrier discharge ionization (DBDI) is an emerging technique for ionizing volatile molecules directly from complex mixtures for sensitive detection by mass spectrometry (MS). In conventional DBDI, a high frequency and high voltage waveform with pulse widths of ∼50 μs (and ∼50 μs between pulses) is applied across a dielectric barrier and a gas to generate “low temperature plasma.” Although such a source has the advantages of being compact, economical, robust, and sensitive, background ions from the ambient environment can be formed in high abundances, which limits performance. Here, we demonstrate that high voltage pulse widths as narrow as 100 ns with a pulse-to-pulse delay of ∼900 μs can significantly reduce background chemical noise and increase ion signal. Compared to microsecond pulses, ∼800 ns pulses can be used to increase the signal-to-noise and signal-to-background chemical noise ratios in DBDI-MS by up to 172% and 1300% for six analytes, including dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), 3-octanone, and perfluorooctanoic acid. Using nanosecond pulses, the detection limit for DMMP and PFOA in human blood plasma can be lowered by more than a factor of 2 in comparison to microsecond pulses. In “nanopulsed” plasma ionization, the extent of internal energy deposition is as low as or lower than in electrospray ionization and micropulsed plasma ionization based on thermometer ion measurements. Overall, nanosecond high-voltage pulsing can be used to significantly improve the performance of DBDI-MS and potentially other ion sources involving high voltage waveforms.

    Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    Cited By

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    This article is cited by 21 publications.

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    Analytical Chemistry

    Cite this: Anal. Chem. 2020, 92, 6, 4468–4474
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05491
    Published February 21, 2020
    Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

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