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Modulating Antibody–Drug Conjugate Payload Metabolism by Conjugation Site and Linker Modification

  • Dian Su*
    Dian Su
    Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
    *E-mail: [email protected]. Phone: +1 650-467-6442. Fax: +1 650-467-3487.
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  • Katherine R. Kozak
    Katherine R. Kozak
    Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
  • Jack Sadowsky
    Jack Sadowsky
    Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
  • Shang-Fan Yu
    Shang-Fan Yu
    Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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  • Aimee Fourie-O’Donohue
    Aimee Fourie-O’Donohue
    Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
  • Christopher Nelson
    Christopher Nelson
    Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
  • Richard Vandlen
    Richard Vandlen
    Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
  • Rachana Ohri
    Rachana Ohri
    Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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  • Luna Liu
    Luna Liu
    Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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  • Carl Ng
    Carl Ng
    Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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  • Jintang He
    Jintang He
    Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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  • Helen Davis
    Helen Davis
    Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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  • Jeff Lau
    Jeff Lau
    Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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  • Geoffrey Del Rosario
    Geoffrey Del Rosario
    Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
  • Ely Cosino
    Ely Cosino
    Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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  • Josefa dela Cruz-Chuh
    Josefa dela Cruz-Chuh
    Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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    Yong Ma
    Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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  • Donglu Zhang
    Donglu Zhang
    Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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  • Martine Darwish
    Martine Darwish
    Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
  • Wenwen Cai
    Wenwen Cai
    Wuxi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
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  • Chunjiao Chen
    Chunjiao Chen
    Wuxi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
  • Hongxiang Zhou
    Hongxiang Zhou
    Wuxi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
  • Jiawei Lu
    Jiawei Lu
    Wuxi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
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  • Yichin Liu
    Yichin Liu
    Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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  • Surinder Kaur
    Surinder Kaur
    Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
  • Keyang Xu
    Keyang Xu
    Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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  • , and 
  • Thomas H. Pillow
    Thomas H. Pillow
    Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
Cite this: Bioconjugate Chem. 2018, 29, 4, 1155–1167
Publication Date (Web):February 26, 2018
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00785
Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society

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    Abstract

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    Previous investigations on antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) stability have focused on drug release by linker-deconjugation due to the relatively stable payloads such as maytansines. Recent development of ADCs has been focused on exploring technologies to produce homogeneous ADCs and new classes of payloads to expand the mechanisms of action of the delivered drugs. Certain new ADC payloads could undergo metabolism in circulation while attached to antibodies and thus affect ADC stability, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy and toxicity profiles. Herein, we investigate payload stability specifically and seek general guidelines to address payload metabolism and therefore increase the overall ADC stability. Investigation was performed on various payloads with different functionalities (e.g., PNU-159682 analog, tubulysin, cryptophycin, and taxoid) using different conjugation sites (HC-A118C, LC-K149C, and HC-A140C) on THIOMAB antibodies. We were able to reduce metabolism and inactivation of a broad range of payloads of THIOMAB antibody-drug conjugates by employing optimal conjugation sites (LC-K149C and HC-A140C). Additionally, further payload stability was achieved by optimizing the linkers. Coupling relatively stable sites with optimized linkers provided optimal stability and reduction of payloads metabolism in circulation in vivo.

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