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Injectable Fluorescent Bottlebrush Polymers for Interventional Procedures and Biomedical Imaging
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    Injectable Fluorescent Bottlebrush Polymers for Interventional Procedures and Biomedical Imaging
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    • Yichun Yuan
      Yichun Yuan
      Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
      More by Yichun Yuan
    • Sophia Beilharz
      Sophia Beilharz
      Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
    • Heather R. Everson
      Heather R. Everson
      Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
    • Nehal Nupnar
      Nehal Nupnar
      Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
      More by Nehal Nupnar
    • Mithun Kumar Debnath
      Mithun Kumar Debnath
      Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
    • Daniele Vinella
      Daniele Vinella
      Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
    • Juan Manuel Urueña
      Juan Manuel Urueña
      NSF BioPACIFIC MIP, University of California Santa Barbara, Elings Hall, Mesa Road, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
    • Faruk H. Örge
      Faruk H. Örge
      Center for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Adult Strabismus Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, University Hospitals Eye Institute, and Department of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
    • Michael J. A. Hore
      Michael J. A. Hore
      Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
    • Divita Mathur
      Divita Mathur
      Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
    • Metin Karayilan*
      Metin Karayilan
      Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
      *Email: [email protected]
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    Biomacromolecules

    Cite this: Biomacromolecules 2025, 26, 2, 1234–1250
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01550
    Published January 24, 2025
    Copyright © 2025 American Chemical Society

    Abstract

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    Injectable biomaterials play a vital role in modern medicine, offering tailored functionalities for diverse therapeutic and diagnostic applications. In ophthalmology, for instance, viscoelastic materials are crucial for procedures such as cataract surgery but often leave residues, increasing postoperative risks. This study introduces injectable fluorescent viscoelastics (FluoVs) synthesized via one-step controlled radical copolymerization of oligo(ethylene glycol) acrylate and fluorescein acrylate. These bottlebrush-shaped polymers exhibit enhanced fluorescence intensity for improved traceability and facile removal postsurgery. To prevent aggregation, charged terpolymers were synthesized, ensuring intra- and intermolecular electrostatic repulsion. Dynamic light scattering and energy-conserved dissipative particle dynamics simulations revealed how the fluorescein content and monomer sequence affect the hydrodynamic size of these copolymers. Biocompatibility assessments showed that FluoVs maintained cell viability comparable to commercial hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and nonfluorescent poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) acrylate) controls. The FluoVs combine high fluorescence intensity, low viscosity, and excellent biocompatibility, offering intraoperative traceability and significant advancements for ocular and bioimaging applications.

    Copyright © 2025 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01550.

    • Experimental and simulation details (PDF)

    • Differential Dynamic Microscopy (DDM) on the high-throughput microrheology analysis (MP4)

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    Biomacromolecules

    Cite this: Biomacromolecules 2025, 26, 2, 1234–1250
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01550
    Published January 24, 2025
    Copyright © 2025 American Chemical Society

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