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Discovery of Energy Storage Molecular Materials Using Quantum Chemistry-Guided Multiobjective Bayesian Optimization
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    Discovery of Energy Storage Molecular Materials Using Quantum Chemistry-Guided Multiobjective Bayesian Optimization
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    • Garvit Agarwal
      Garvit Agarwal
      Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
      Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
    • Hieu A. Doan
      Hieu A. Doan
      Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
      Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
      More by Hieu A. Doan
    • Lily A. Robertson
      Lily A. Robertson
      Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
      Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
    • Lu Zhang
      Lu Zhang
      Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
      Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
      More by Lu Zhang
    • Rajeev S. Assary*
      Rajeev S. Assary
      Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
      Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
      *Email: [email protected]. Phone: 630-252-3536.
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    Chemistry of Materials

    Cite this: Chem. Mater. 2021, 33, 20, 8133–8144
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c02040
    Published October 14, 2021
    Copyright © 2021 UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory. Published by American Chemical Society

    Abstract

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    Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are a promising technology for stationary energy storage applications due to their flexible design, scalability, and low cost. In RFBs, energy is carried in flowable redox-active materials (redoxmers) which are stored externally and pumped to the cell during operation. Further improvements in the energy density of RFBs necessitates redoxmer designs with wider redox potential windows and higher solubility. Additionally, designing redoxmers with a fluorescence-enabled self-reporting functionality allows monitoring of the state of health of RFBs. To accelerate the discovery of redoxmers with desired properties, state-of-the-art machine learning (ML) methods, such as multiobjective Bayesian optimization (MBO), are useful. Here, we first employed density functional theory calculations to generate a database of reduction potentials, solvation free energies, and absorption wavelengths for 1400 redoxmer molecules based on a 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BzNSN) core structure. From the computed properties, we identified 22 Pareto-optimal molecules that represent best trade-off among all of the desired properties. We further utilized these data to develop and benchmark an MBO approach to identify candidates quickly and efficiently with multiple targeted properties. With MBO, optimal candidates from the 1400-molecule data set can be identified at least 15 times more efficiently compared to the brute force or random selection approach. Importantly, we utilized this approach for discovering promising redoxmers from an unseen database of 1 million BzNSN-based molecules, where we discovered 16 new Pareto-optimal molecules with significant improvements in properties over the initial 1400 molecules. We anticipate that this active learning technique is general and can be utilized for the discovery of any class of functional materials that satisfies multiple desired property criteria.

    Copyright © 2021 UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory. Published by American Chemical Society

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    • PCA, analysis of 100 MBO runs on the 1400 BzNSN data set, SMILES representation and DFT-computed properties of the 1400 BzNSN data set, and SMILES representation and DFT-computed properties of the 100 MBO-suggested molecules from the 1 million BzNSN dataset (PDF)

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    Chemistry of Materials

    Cite this: Chem. Mater. 2021, 33, 20, 8133–8144
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c02040
    Published October 14, 2021
    Copyright © 2021 UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory. Published by American Chemical Society

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