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Polymorph Engineering of TiO2: Demonstrating How Absolute Reference Potentials Are Determined by Local Coordination
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    Polymorph Engineering of TiO2: Demonstrating How Absolute Reference Potentials Are Determined by Local Coordination
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    Kathleen Lonsdale Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
    Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies and Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
    § Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
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    Chemistry of Materials

    Cite this: Chem. Mater. 2015, 27, 11, 3844–3851
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b00230
    Published May 1, 2015
    Copyright © 2015 American Chemical Society

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    We report that the valence and conduction band energies of TiO2 can be tuned over a 4 eV range by varying the local coordination environments of Ti and O. We examine the electronic structure of eight known polymorphs and align their ionization potential and electron affinity relative to an absolute energy reference, using an accurate multiscale quantum-chemical approach. For applications in photocatalysis, we identify the optimal combination of phases to enhance activity in the visible spectrum. The results provide a coherent explanation for a wide range of phenomena, including the performance of TiO2 as an anode material for Li-ion batteries, allow us to pinpoint hollandite TiO2 as a new candidate transparent conducting oxide, and serve as a guide to improving the efficiency of photo-electrochemical water splitting through polymorph engineering of TiO2.

    Copyright © 2015 American Chemical Society

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    Cite this: Chem. Mater. 2015, 27, 11, 3844–3851
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b00230
    Published May 1, 2015
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