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Electric-Field-Induced Lock-and-Key Interactions between Colloidal Spheres and Bowls

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    Electric-Field-Induced Lock-and-Key Interactions between Colloidal Spheres and Bowls
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    ‡ Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
    § Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, Leuvenlaan 4, 3584 CE Utrecht, The Netherlands
    *(M.K.) E-mail: [email protected]
    *(A.v.B.) E-mail: [email protected]
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    Chemistry of Materials

    Cite this: Chem. Mater. 2016, 28, 4, 1040–1048
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04152
    Published January 21, 2016
    Copyright © 2016 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    To realize new and directed self-assembly (SA) pathways, the focus in colloid science and nanoscience has shifted from spherical particles and interactions to increasingly more complex shapes and interparticle potentials. This field is fueled by recent breakthroughs in particle synthesis, such as particles with complementary shapes that allow for specific lock-and-key interactions induced by depletants. Here, we show that electric fields form an alternative route for directing the SA of convex and concave colloids, with the additional advantage that the system now becomes switchable by external conditions. Both experimental and theoretical results are presented that validate the electric-field-induced assembly mechanism and show that even irreversibly bound composites can be generated by tuning the force balance. The successful isolation of the irreversible composite particles, in combination with generalization to different materials, shows that the current mechanism provides a versatile new path not only toward complex-particle synthesis but also toward directed self-assembly.

    Copyright © 2016 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04152.

    • Additional details on the experimental methods, additional Figures S1 and S2, and an additional calculation (PDF)

    • Movie 1 showing bowls and silica spheres in H2O in an electric field (AVI)

    • Movie 2 showing bowls and polystyrene spheres in D2O in an electric field (ZIP)

    • Movie 3 showing bowls and a surplus of silica spheres in H2O (ZIP)

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    Cited By

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    This article is cited by 19 publications.

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    Chemistry of Materials

    Cite this: Chem. Mater. 2016, 28, 4, 1040–1048
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04152
    Published January 21, 2016
    Copyright © 2016 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

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