Diazaisoindigo-Based Polymers with High-Performance Charge-Transport Properties: From Computational Screening to Experimental Characterization
Abstract

One of the major challenges confronting organic electronics is the development of high-mobility semiconducting materials, especially n-channel and ambipolar semiconductors. Solution-processable semiconducting polymers have attracted much attention because of their tunable properties and their suitability for the fabrication of large-scale devices. Aza substitution has proven effective in electron-transport small-molecule semiconductors; however, high-performance polymeric semiconductors prepared by aza substitution are still lacking. We started with a computational screening procedure to introduce nitrogen atoms into isoindigo-based polymers and then proceeded with the synthesis and fabrication of field-effect transistors. The resulting 7,7′-diazaisoindigo-based polymers exhibit extensive π conjugation and high crystallinity with hole mobilities exceeding 7 cm2 V–1 s–1 with bottom-gate/bottom-contact configuration and ambipolar transport properties with top-gate/bottom-contact configuration in air. These properties make diazaisoindigo a promising building block for polymeric semiconductors.
Cited By
This article is cited by 71 publications.
- Kaiqiang Huang, Gang Huang, Xiaohong Wang, Hongbo Lu, Guobing Zhang, Longzhen Qiu. Air-Stable and High-Performance Unipolar n-Type Conjugated Semiconducting Polymers Prepared by a “Strong Acceptor–Weak Donor” Strategy. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2020, 12 (15) , 17790-17798. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c02322
- Zhihui Chen, Xuyang Wei, Jianyao Huang, Yankai Zhou, Weifeng Zhang, Yuchai Pan, Gui Yu. Multisubstituted Azaisoindigo-Based Polymers for High-Mobility Ambipolar Thin-Film Transistors and Inverters. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2019, 11 (37) , 34171-34177. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b11608
- Dong Li, Xiang Wang, Zuzhang Lin, Yuanhui Zheng, Qianqing Jiang, Naihang Zheng, Weifeng Zhang, Kui-juan Jin, Gui Yu. Tuning Charge Carrier and Spin Transport Properties via Structural Modification of Polymer Semiconductors. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2019, 11 (33) , 30089-30097. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b07863
- Hakan Usta, Dojeon Kim, Resul Ozdemir, Yunus Zorlu, Sanghyo Kim, M. Carmen Ruiz Delgado, Alexandra Harbuzaru, Seonhyoung Kim, Gökhan Demirel, Jongin Hong, Young-Geun Ha, Kilwon Cho, Antonio Facchetti, Myung-Gil Kim. High Electron Mobility in [1]Benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene-Based Field-Effect Transistors: Toward n-Type BTBTs. Chemistry of Materials 2019, 31 (14) , 5254-5263. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b01614
- Congyuan Wei, Weifeng Zhang, Jianyao Huang, Hao Li, Yankai Zhou, Gui Yu. Realizing n-Type Field-Effect Performance via Introducing Trifluoromethyl Groups into the Donor–Acceptor Copolymer Backbone. Macromolecules 2019, 52 (7) , 2911-2921. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00022
- Guobing Zhang, Yao Zhao, Boseok Kang, Sangsik Park, Jiufu Ruan, Hongbo Lu, Longzhen Qiu, Yunsheng Ding, Kilwon Cho. Fused Heptacyclic-Based Acceptor–Donor–Acceptor Small Molecules: N-Substitution toward High-Performance Solution-Processable Field-Effect Transistors. Chemistry of Materials 2019, 31 (6) , 2027-2035. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b05054
- Mónica Moral, Amparo Navarro, Andrés Garzón-Ruiz, Eva M. García-Frutos. Tuning the Crystal Packing and Semiconductor Electronic Properties of 7,7′-Diazaisoindigo by Side-Chain Length and Halogenation. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2019, 123 (1) , 153-164. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b09633
- Fangzheng Chen, Yu Jiang, Ying Sui, Jidong Zhang, Hongkun Tian, Yang Han, Yunfeng Deng, Wenping Hu, Yanhou Geng. Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers Based on Bisisoindigo: Energy Level Modulation toward Unipolar n-Type Semiconductors. Macromolecules 2018, 51 (21) , 8652-8661. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01885
- Keli Shi, Weifeng Zhang, Yankai Zhou, Congyuan Wei, Jianyao Huang, Qiang Wang, Liping Wang, Gui Yu. Chalcogenophene-Sensitive Charge Carrier Transport Properties in A–D–A′′–D Type NBDO-Based Copolymers for Flexible Field-Effect Transistors. Macromolecules 2018, 51 (21) , 8662-8671. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01944
- Yankai Zhou, Shiying Zhang, Weifeng Zhang, Jianyao Huang, Congyuan Wei, Hao Li, Liping Wang, Gui Yu. Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Copolymers Containing Difluorothienylethylene-Bridged Methyleneoxindole or Methyleneazaoxindole Acceptor Units: Synthesis, Properties, and Their Application in Field-Effect Transistors. Macromolecules 2018, 51 (18) , 7093-7103. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01297
- Feifei Wang, Yanrong Dai, Weiwei Wang, Hongbo Lu, Longzhen Qiu, Yunsheng Ding, Guobing Zhang. Incorporation of Heteroatoms in Conjugated Polymers Backbone toward Air-Stable, High-Performance n-Channel Unencapsulated Polymer Transistors. Chemistry of Materials 2018, 30 (15) , 5451-5459. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b02359
- Suxiang Ma, Guobing Zhang, Feifei Wang, Yanrong Dai, Hongbo Lu, Longzhen Qiu, Yunsheng Ding, Kilwon Cho. Tuning the Energy Levels of Aza-Heterocycle-Based Polymers for Long-Term n-Channel Bottom-Gate/Top-Contact Polymer Transistors. Macromolecules 2018, 51 (15) , 5704-5712. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00839
- Jinyang Chen, Yingying Jiang, Jie Yang, Yunlong Sun, Longxian Shi, Yang Ran, Qingsong Zhang, Yuanping Yi, Shuai Wang, Yunlong Guo, Yunqi Liu. Copolymers of Bis-Diketopyrrolopyrrole and Benzothiadiazole Derivatives for High-Performance Ambipolar Field-Effect Transistors on Flexible Substrates. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2018, 10 (31) , 25858-25865. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b16516
- Zuzhang Lin, Xiaotong Liu, Weifeng Zhang, Jianyao Huang, Qiang Wang, Keli Shi, Zhihui Chen, Yankai Zhou, Liping Wang, and Gui Yu . Cyanostyrylthiophene-Based Ambipolar Conjugated Polymers: Synthesis, Properties, and Analyses of Backbone Fluorination Effect. Macromolecules 2018, 51 (3) , 966-976. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02401
- Mian Cai, Zhiyuan Zhao, Yanfang Liu, Xiao Wang, Yunqi Liu, Zhenggang Lan, and Xiaobo Wan . N-Alkylation vs O-Alkylation: Influence on the Performance of a Polymeric Field-Effect Transistors Based on a Tetracyclic Lactam Building Block. Macromolecules 2017, 50 (21) , 8497-8504. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01575
- Brian J. Eckstein, Ferdinand S. Melkonyan, Eric F. Manley, Simone Fabiano, Aidan R. Mouat, Lin X. Chen, Antonio Facchetti, and Tobin J. Marks . Naphthalene Bis(4,8-diamino-1,5-dicarboxyl)amide Building Block for Semiconducting Polymers. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2017, 139 (41) , 14356-14359. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b07750
- Zhihui Chen, Weifeng Zhang, Jianyao Huang, Dong Gao, Congyuan Wei, Zuzhang Lin, Liping Wang, and Gui Yu . Fluorinated Dithienylethene–Naphthalenediimide Copolymers for High-Mobility n-Channel Field-Effect Transistors. Macromolecules 2017, 50 (16) , 6098-6107. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01169
- Hui Huang, Lei Yang, Antonio Facchetti, and Tobin J. Marks . Organic and Polymeric Semiconductors Enhanced by Noncovalent Conformational Locks. Chemical Reviews 2017, 117 (15) , 10291-10318. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00084
- Nicholas M. Randell, Kyle M. Fransishyn, and Timothy L. Kelly . Lewis Acid–Base Chemistry of 7-Azaisoindigo-Based Organic Semiconductors. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2017, 9 (29) , 24788-24796. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b06335
- Wenkai Zhong, Sheng Sun, Lei Ying, Feng Liu, Linfeng Lan, Fei Huang, and Yong Cao . High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors Fabricated Based on a Novel Ternary π-Conjugated Copolymer. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2017, 9 (8) , 7315-7321. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b13673
- Zhihui Chen, Dong Gao, Jianyao Huang, Zupan Mao, Weifeng Zhang, and Gui Yu . Thiazole-Flanked Diketopyrrolopyrrole Polymeric Semiconductors for Ambipolar Field-Effect Transistors with Balanced Carrier Mobilities. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2016, 8 (50) , 34725-34734. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b08543
- Weifeng Zhang, Zupan Mao, Jianyao Huang, Dong Gao, and Gui Yu . High-Performance Field-Effect Transistors Fabricated with Donor–Acceptor Copolymers Containing S···O Conformational Locks Supplied by Diethoxydithiophenethenes. Macromolecules 2016, 49 (17) , 6401-6410. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01510
- Yankai Zhou, Qiang Wang, Weifeng Zhang, Yanpeng Li, Jianyao Huang, Congyuan Wei, Zhonghai Tang, Liping Wang, Gui Yu. Synthesis, properties, and charge transport characteristics of the conjugated copolymers containing the azaisoindigo and benzothiadiazole units. Dyes and Pigments 2020, 180 , 108438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2020.108438
- Long Chen, Guo Wang, Pan Yin, Chao Weng, Songting Tan, Ping Shen. Manipulating electronic energy levels of wide-bandgap D–A copolymers via side-chain engineering to realize high open-circuit voltage polymer solar cells. Synthetic Metals 2020, 265 , 116413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2020.116413
- Guobing Zhang, Wei Zhou, Minkyu Kim, Mingxiang Sun, Hongbo Lu, Longzhen Qiu, Kilwon Cho, Yunsheng Ding. Acceptor–donor–acceptor molecule processed using polar non-halogenated solvents for organic field-effect transistors. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2020, 8 (19) , 6496-6502. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9TC07117B
- Guobing Zhang, Ruikun Chen, Yue Sun, Boseok Kang, Mingxiang Sun, Hongbo Lu, Longzhen Qiu, Kilwon Cho, Yunsheng Ding. Improved charge transport in fused-ring bridged hemi-isoindigo-based small molecules by incorporating a thiophene unit for solution-processed organic field-effect transistors. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2020, 8 (4) , 1398-1404. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9TC05374C
- Yunlong Sun, Yunpeng Zhang, Yang Ran, Longxian Shi, Qingsong Zhang, Jinyang Chen, Qingyuan Li, Yunlong Guo, Yunqi Liu. Methoxylation of quinoidal bithiophene as a single regioisomer building block for narrow-bandgap conjugated polymers and high-performance organic field-effect transistors. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2020, 45 https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TC02199G
- Yuchun Xu, Yazhou Wang, Hailiang Liao, Yanjun Guo, Xiang Xue, Xinru Yang, Yinghe Yang, Jian Sun, Zhengke Li, Wan Yue. C–H perfluorobutylation of bislactam dyes. Dyes and Pigments 2019, 171 , 107769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.107769
- Kai Guo, Yu Jiang, Ying Sui, Yun-Feng Deng, Yan-Hou Geng. Dimethylacetamide-promoted Direct Arylation Polycondensation of 6,6′-Dibromo-7,7′-diazaisoindigo and (E)-1,2-bis(3,4-difluorothien-2-yl)ethene toward High Molecular Weight n-Type Conjugated Polymers. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2019, 37 (11) , 1099-1104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-019-2277-1
- Yi Ren, Xiaoyang Yang, Li Zhou, Jing‐Yu Mao, Su‐Ting Han, Ye Zhou. Recent Advances in Ambipolar Transistors for Functional Applications. Advanced Functional Materials 2019, 29 (40) , 1902105. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201902105
- Kaiqiang Huang, Xue Zhao, Yuchang Du, Sanghyo Kim, Xiaohong Wang, Hongbo Lu, Kilwon Cho, Guobing Zhang, Longzhen Qiu. Modulating charge transport characteristics of bis-azaisoindigo-based D–A conjugated polymers through energy level regulation and side chain optimization. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2019, 7 (25) , 7618-7626. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9TC02021G
- Nicholas M. Randell, Timothy L. Kelly. Recent Advances in Isoindigo‐Inspired Organic Semiconductors. The Chemical Record 2019, 19 (6) , 973-988. https://doi.org/10.1002/tcr.201800135
- Gunvant Deshmukh, Kothandam Krishnamoorthy. Conversion of curved assemblies into two dimensional sheets. Nanoscale 2019, 11 (12) , 5732-5736. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NR09915D
- Chenyu Li, Ji Zhang, Zhaoguang Li, Weifeng Zhang, Man Shing Wong, Gui Yu. Water-stable organic field-effect transistors based on naphthodithieno[3,2- b ]thiophene derivatives. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2019, 7 (2) , 297-301. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TC04999H
- Zi-Yuan Wang, Jie-Yu Wang, Jian Pei. Embedding pyridine units in acceptors to construct donor-acceptor conjugated polymers. Chinese Chemical Letters 2019, 30 (1) , 25-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2018.07.006
- Hiroki Mori, Ryosuke Takahashi, Yasushi Nishihara. Development of a phenanthrodithiophene-difluorobenzoxadiazole copolymer exhibiting high open-circuit voltage in organic solar cells. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2018, 56 (23) , 2646-2655. https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.29248
- Jie Yang, Zhiyuan Zhao, Shuai Wang, Yunlong Guo, Yunqi Liu. Insight into High-Performance Conjugated Polymers for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Chem 2018, 4 (12) , 2748-2785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2018.08.005
- Feifei Wang, Weiwei Wang, Yu Liu, Yanrong Dai, Hongbo Lu, Yunsheng Ding, Longzhen Qiu, Guobing Zhang. Bis(7-aza-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)dihydropyrroloindole-dione based D−A conjugated polymers for electron and ambipolar organic thin film transistors. Dyes and Pigments 2018, 159 , 238-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.06.045
- Jiu-Long Li, Jing-Jing Cao, Lin-Lin Duan, Hao-Li Zhang. Evolution of Isoindigo-Based Electron-Deficient Units for Organic Electronics: From Natural Dyes to Organic Semiconductors. Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry 2018, 7 (11) , 2147-2160. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajoc.201800198
- Xuyi Luo, Dung T. Tran, Hong Sun, Tianxiong Mi, Natalie M. Kadlubowski, Yan Zhao, Kejie Zhao, Jianguo Mei. Bis-isoindigos: New Electron-Deficient Building Blocks for Constructing Conjugated Polymers with Extended Electron Delocalization. Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry 2018, 7 (11) , 2248-2253. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajoc.201800360
- Ji Zhang, Zhaoguang Li, Weifeng Zhang, Man Shing Wong, Gui Yu. High-performance organic field-effect transistors based on organic single crystal microribbons fabricated by an in situ annealing method. Materials Chemistry Frontiers 2018, 2 (11) , 2026-2031. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8QM00385H
- Yang Wang, Tsuyoshi Michinobu. Rational design strategies for electron-deficient semiconducting polymers in ambipolar/n-channel organic transistors and all-polymer solar cells. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2018, 6 (39) , 10390-10410. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TC03967D
- Chenchen Li, Hio-Ieng Un, Jiawei Peng, Mian Cai, Xiao Wang, Jieyu Wang, Zhenggang Lan, Jian Pei, Xiaobo Wan. Thiazoloisoindigo: A Building Block that Merges the Merits of Thienoisoindigo and Diazaisoindigo for Conjugated Polymers. Chemistry - A European Journal 2018, 24 (39) , 9807-9811. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201801432
- Sureshraju Vegiraju, Chih-Yu Lin, Pragya Priyanka, Deng-Yi Huang, Xian-Lun Luo, Hsiang-Chi Tsai, Shao-Huan Hong, Chia-Jung Yeh, Wei-Chieh Lien, Chien-Lung Wang, Shih-Huang Tung, Cheng-Liang Liu, Ming-Chou Chen, Antonio Facchetti. Solution-Processed High-Performance Tetrathienothiophene-Based Small Molecular Blends for Ambipolar Charge Transport. Advanced Functional Materials 2018, 28 (28) , 1801025. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201801025
- Hung Phan, Michael J. Ford, Alexander T. Lill, Ming Wang, Guillermo C. Bazan, Thuc-Quyen Nguyen. Electrical Double-Slope Nonideality in Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Advanced Functional Materials 2018, 28 (17) , 1707221. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201707221
- Keli Shi, Weifeng Zhang, Dong Gao, Shiying Zhang, Zuzhang Lin, Ye Zou, Liping Wang, Gui Yu. Well-Balanced Ambipolar Conjugated Polymers Featuring Mild Glass Transition Temperatures Toward High-Performance Flexible Field-Effect Transistors. Advanced Materials 2018, 30 (9) , 1705286. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201705286
- Yang Wang, Tsukasa Hasegawa, Hidetoshi Matsumoto, Takehiko Mori, Tsuyoshi Michinobu. High‐Performance n‐Channel Organic Transistors Using High‐Molecular‐Weight Electron‐Deficient Copolymers and Amine‐Tailed Self‐Assembled Monolayers. Advanced Materials 2018, 30 (13) , 1707164. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201707164
- Weifeng Zhang, Zhihui Chen, Zupan Mao, Dong Gao, Congyuan Wei, Zuzhang Lin, Jiaoyao Huang, Liping Wang, Gui Yu. High-performance FDTE-based polymer semiconductors with F⋯H intramolecular noncovalent interactions: Synthesis, characterization, and their field-effect properties. Dyes and Pigments 2018, 149 , 149-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2017.09.030
- Chenchen Li, Huanrui Zhang, Samuel Mirie, Jiawei Peng, Mian Cai, Xiao Wang, Zhenggang Lan, Xiaobo Wan. A new approach to thiazoloisoindigo and derivatives using a lithium tetramethylpiperidine promoted cyclization to thiazoloisatin. Organic Chemistry Frontiers 2018, 5 (3) , 442-446. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7QO00841D
- Hailiang Liao, Chengyi Xiao, Mahesh Kumar Ravva, Yazhou Wang, Mark Little, Maud V. C. Jenart, Ada Onwubiko, Zhengke Li, Zhaohui Wang, Jean-Luc Brédas, Iain McCulloch, Wan Yue. Synthesis and properties of isoindigo and benzo[1,2- b :4,5- b ′]bis[ b ]benzothiophene oligomers. Chemical Communications 2018, 54 (79) , 11152-11155. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CC05608K
- Guobing Zhang, Yanrong Dai, Dong Wang, Yu Liu, Hongbo Lu, Longzhen Qiu, Kilwon Cho. Synthesis and characterization of thieno-isoindigo derivative-based near-infrared conjugated polymer for ambipolar field-effect transistors and photothermal conversion. Dyes and Pigments 2017, 147 , 175-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2017.07.073
- Weifeng Zhang, Keli Shi, Congyuan Wei, Yankai Zhou, Liping Wang, Gui Yu. Tuning carrier transport properties of thienoisoindigo-based copolymers by loading fluorine atoms onto the diarylethylene-based electron-donating units. Polymer 2017, 132 , 12-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2017.10.055
- Jianyao Huang, Zhihui Chen, Zupan Mao, Dong Gao, Congyuan Wei, Zuzhang Lin, Hao Li, Liping Wang, Weifeng Zhang, Gui Yu. Tuning Frontier Orbital Energetics of Azaisoindigo-Based Polymeric Semiconductors to Enhance the Charge-Transport Properties. Advanced Electronic Materials 2017, 3 (11) , 1700078. https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.201700078
- Kamil Kotwica, Piotr Bujak, Lukasz Skorka, Tomasz Jaroch, Robert Nowakowski. Luminophore from forgotten dye: di(Alkylthiophene) derivative of benzo[ h ]benz[5,6]acridino[2,1,9,8- klmna ]acridine. Synthetic Metals 2017, 232 , 117-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2017.08.002
- Weifeng Zhang, Yuqian Sun, Congyuan Wei, Zuzhang Lin, Hao Li, Naihang Zheng, Fenghong Li, Gui Yu. Vinylidenedithiophenmethyleneoxindole-based donor-acceptor copolymers with 1D and 2D conjugated backbones: Synthesis, characterization, and their photovoltaic properties. Dyes and Pigments 2017, 144 , 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2017.04.056
- Wan Yue, Cheng Li, Xuelin Tian, Weiwei Li, Marios Neophytou, Hu Chen, Weiyuan Du, Cameron Jellett, Hung-Yang Chen, Ada Onwubiko, Iain McCulloch. Diazaisoindigo bithiophene and terthiophene copolymers for application in field-effect transistors and solar cells. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2017, 55 (16) , 2691-2699. https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.28676
- Jie Yang, Hanlin Wang, Jinyang Chen, Jianyao Huang, Yingying Jiang, Jianqi Zhang, Longxian Shi, Yunlong Sun, Zhixiang Wei, Gui Yu, Yunlong Guo, Shuai Wang, Yunqi Liu. Bis-Diketopyrrolopyrrole Moiety as a Promising Building Block to Enable Balanced Ambipolar Polymers for Flexible Transistors. Advanced Materials 2017, 29 (22) , 1606162. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201606162
- Yang Lu, Yi Liu, Ya-Zhong Dai, Chi-Yuan Yang, Hio-Ieng Un, Si-Wei Liu, Ke Shi, Jie-Yu Wang, Jian Pei. 5,5′-Diazaisoindigo: an Electron-Deficient Building Block for Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Polymers. Chemistry - An Asian Journal 2017, 12 (3) , 302-307. https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.201601671
- Guobing Zhang, Junhui Chen, Yanrong Dai, Sungwon Song, Zhiwei Ye, Hongbo Lu, Longzhen Qiu, Kilwon Cho. Synthesis and optimization solid-state order using side-chain position of thieno-isoindigo derivative-based D–A polymers for high-performance ambipolar organic thin films transistors. Dyes and Pigments 2017, 137 , 221-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2016.10.017
- Weifeng Zhang, Zupan Mao, Zhihui Chen, Jianyao Huang, Congyuan Wei, Dong Gao, Zuzhang Lin, Hao Li, Liping Wang, Gui Yu. Ambipolar tetrafluorodiphenylethene-based donor–acceptor copolymers: synthesis, properties, backbone conformation and fluorine-induced conformational locks. Polymer Chemistry 2017, 8 (5) , 879-889. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6PY01922F
- Guobing Zhang, Yanrong Dai, Kuychan Song, Hansol Lee, Feng Ge, Longzhen Qiu, Kilwon Cho. Bis(2-oxo-7-azaindolin-3-ylidene)benzodifuran-dione-based donor–acceptor polymers for high-performance n-type field-effect transistors. Polymer Chemistry 2017, 8 (15) , 2381-2389. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7PY00295E
- Longxian Shi, Yunlong Guo, Wenping Hu, Yunqi Liu. Design and effective synthesis methods for high-performance polymer semiconductors in organic field-effect transistors. Materials Chemistry Frontiers 2017, 1 (12) , 2423-2456. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7QM00169J
- Congyuan Wei, Jiabin Zou, Weifeng Zhang, Jianyao Huang, Dong Gao, Liping Wang, Yi Liao, Gui Yu. Novel vinylene-bridged donor–acceptor copolymers: synthesis, characterization, properties and effect of cyano substitution. Materials Chemistry Frontiers 2017, 1 (10) , 2103-2110. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7QM00236J
- Dong Gao, Zhihui Chen, Jianyao Huang, Weifeng Zhang, Congyuan Wei, Zuzhang Lin, Dizao Li, Gui Yu. Microstructure engineering of polymer semiconductor thin films for high-performance field-effect transistors using a bi-component processing solution. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2017, 5 (14) , 3568-3578. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TC00952F
- Jesse T. E. Quinn, Jiaxin Zhu, Xu Li, Jinliang Wang, Yuning Li. Recent progress in the development of n-type organic semiconductors for organic field effect transistors. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2017, 5 (34) , 8654-8681. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TC01680H
- A. Riaño Carnerero, G. López Espejo, M. J. Mancheño Real, B. Eckstein, R. C. González-Cano, F. S. Melkonyan, A. Facchetti, T. J. Marks, J. Casado, J. T. López Navarrete, J. L. Segura, R. Ponce Ortiz. Even and odd oligothiophene-bridged bis-naphthalimides for n-type and ambipolar organic field effect transistors. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2017, 5 (36) , 9439-9450. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TC02023F
- Rui Chen, Ru-Qiang Lu, Pei-Chen Shi, Xiao-Yu Cao. Corannulene derivatives for organic electronics: From molecular engineering to applications. Chinese Chemical Letters 2016, 27 (8) , 1175-1183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2016.06.033
- Minoru Ashizawa, Naoaki Masuda, Toshiki Higashino, Tomofumi Kadoya, Tadashi Kawamoto, Hidetoshi Matsumoto, Takehiko Mori. Ambipolar organic transistors based on isoindigo derivatives. Organic Electronics 2016, 35 , 95-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2016.05.013
- Ya-Zhong Dai, Na Ai, Yang Lu, Yu-Qing Zheng, Jin-Hu Dou, Ke Shi, Ting Lei, Jie-Yu Wang, Jian Pei. Embedding electron-deficient nitrogen atoms in polymer backbone towards high performance n-type polymer field-effect transistors. Chemical Science 2016, 7 (9) , 5753-5757. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6SC01380E
- Weifeng Zhang, Zupan Mao, Naihang Zheng, Jiabin Zou, Liping Wang, Congyuan Wei, Jianyao Huang, Dong Gao, Gui Yu. Highly planar cross-conjugated alternating polymers with multiple conformational locks: synthesis, characterization and their field-effect properties. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2016, 4 (39) , 9266-9275. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TC02891H
- Wan Yue, Mark Nikolka, Mingfei Xiao, Aditya Sadhanala, Christian B. Nielsen, Andrew J. P. White, Hung-Yang Chen, Ada Onwubiko, Henning Sirringhaus, Iain McCulloch. Azaisoindigo conjugated polymers for high performance n-type and ambipolar thin film transistor applications. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2016, 4 (41) , 9704-9710. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TC03000A



