The Uptake and Release of Polysulfur Cysteine Species by Cells: Physiological and Toxicological Implications
- Joseph Lin*Joseph Lin*E-mail: [email protected]Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California 94928, United StatesMore by Joseph Lin,
- Masahiro AkiyamaMasahiro AkiyamaEnvironmental Biology Section, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, JapanMore by Masahiro Akiyama,
- Iris BicaIris BicaDepartment of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California 94928, United StatesMore by Iris Bica,
- Faith T. LongFaith T. LongDepartment of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California 94928, United StatesMore by Faith T. Long,
- Catherine F. HendersonCatherine F. HendersonDepartment of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California 94928, United StatesMore by Catherine F. Henderson,
- Robert N. GodduRobert N. GodduDepartment of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California 94928, United StatesMore by Robert N. Goddu,
- Valeria SuarezValeria SuarezDepartment of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California 94928, United StatesMore by Valeria Suarez,
- Blaine BakerBlaine BakerDepartment of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California 94928, United StatesMore by Blaine Baker,
- Tomoaki IdaTomoaki IdaDepartment of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, JapanMore by Tomoaki Ida,
- Yasuhiro ShinkaiYasuhiro ShinkaiEnvironmental Biology Section, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, JapanMore by Yasuhiro Shinkai,
- Peter NagyPeter NagyDepartment of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest 1122, HungaryMore by Peter Nagy,
- Takaaki AkaikeTakaaki AkaikeDepartment of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, JapanMore by Takaaki Akaike,
- Jon M. Fukuto*Jon M. Fukuto*E-mail: [email protected]Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California 94928, United StatesMore by Jon M. Fukuto, and
- Yoshito Kumagai*Yoshito Kumagai*E-mail: [email protected]Environmental Biology Section, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, JapanMore by Yoshito Kumagai
Abstract
Hydropersulfides and related polysulfides have recently become topics of significant interest due to their physiological prevalence and proposed biological functions. Currently, examination of the effects of hydropersulfide treatment on cells is difficult due to their lack of inherent stability with respect to disproportionation. Herein, it is reported that the treatment of a variety of cell types with cysteine trisulfide (also known as thiocystine; Cys-SSS-Cys), results in an increase in intracellular hydropersulfide levels (e.g., cysteine hydropersulfide; Cys-SSH, and glutathione hydropersulfide; GSSH). Thus, Cys-SSS-Cys represents a possible pharmacological agent for examining the effects of hydropersulfides on cell function/viability. It has also been found that cells with increased intracellular hydropersulfide levels can export Cys-SSH into the extracellular media. Interestingly, the Cys-SSH is the major hydropersulfide exported by cells, although GSSH is the predominant intracellular species. The possible implications of cellular export are discussed.
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