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Smart Materials for Microrobots

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Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:Chem. Rev. 2022, 122, 5, 5365-5403
    Review

    Smart Materials for Microrobots
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    • Fernando Soto
      Fernando Soto
      Department of Nanoengineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-8494-9325
    • Emil Karshalev
      Emil Karshalev
      Department of Nanoengineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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    • Fangyu Zhang
      Fangyu Zhang
      Department of Nanoengineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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    • Berta Esteban Fernandez de Avila
      Berta Esteban Fernandez de Avila
      Department of Nanoengineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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    • Amir Nourhani
      Amir Nourhani
      Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mathematics, Biology, Biomimicry Research and Innovation Center, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-7951-9483
    • Joseph Wang*
      Joseph Wang
      Department of Nanoengineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
      *Email: [email protected]
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      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-4921-9674
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    Chemical Reviews

    Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2022, 122, 5, 5365–5403
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00999
    Published February 1, 2021
    Copyright © 2021 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Over the past 15 years, the field of microrobotics has exploded with many research groups from around the globe contributing to numerous innovations that have led to exciting new capabilities and important applications, ranging from in vivo drug delivery, to intracellular biosensing, environmental remediation, and nanoscale fabrication. Smart responsive materials have had a profound impact on the field of microrobotics and have imparted small-scale robots with new functionalities and distinct capabilities. We have identified four large categories where the majority of future efforts must be allocated to push the frontiers of microrobots and where smart materials can have a major impact on such future advances. These four areas are the propulsion and biocompatibility of microrobots, the cooperation between individual units and human operators, and finally, the intelligence of microrobots. In this Review, we look critically at the latest developments in these four categories and discuss how smart materials contribute to the progress in the exciting field of microrobotics and will set the stage for the next generation of intelligent and programmable microrobots.

    Copyright © 2021 American Chemical Society

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    Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2022, 122, 5, 5365–5403
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