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CO2 Sequestration and Enhanced Oil Recovery via the Water Alternating Gas Scheme in a Mixed Transgressive Sandstone-Carbonate Reservoir: Case Study of a Large Middle East Oilfield

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    Environmental and Carbon Dioxide Issues

    CO2 Sequestration and Enhanced Oil Recovery via the Water Alternating Gas Scheme in a Mixed Transgressive Sandstone-Carbonate Reservoir: Case Study of a Large Middle East Oilfield
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    • Ayman Mutahar AlRassas
      Ayman Mutahar AlRassas
      School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
      More by Ayman Mutahar AlRassas
      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7539-1865
    • Hung Vo Thanh
      Hung Vo Thanh
      School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
      More by Hung Vo Thanh
    • Shaoran Ren
      Shaoran Ren
      School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
      More by Shaoran Ren
    • Renyuan Sun*
      Renyuan Sun
      School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
      *Email: [email protected]
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    • Nabil Mohammed Al-Areeq
      Nabil Mohammed Al-Areeq
      Department of Geology and Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Thamar, 87246 Dhamar, Yemen
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    • Oladoyin Kolawole
      Oladoyin Kolawole
      John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9202-172X
    • Mohammed Hail Hakimi
      Mohammed Hail Hakimi
      Geology Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, 6803 Taiz, Yemen
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    Energy & Fuels

    Cite this: Energy Fuels 2022, 36, 17, 10299–10314
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c02185
    Published August 17, 2022
    Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    The knowledge on CO2 sequestration and CO2 enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) in mature mixed and interbedded hydrocarbon reservoirs are limited. In this vein, the feasibility of CO2-water alternating gas (CO2-WAG) for coupling CO2 sequestration and CO2-EOR in a mature mixed sandstone-carbonate reservoir was investigated using the S1A reservoir. First, core sample analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were conducted to evaluate the reservoir characterization. Next, a geological model with dual porosity and permeability was developed and transferred to a reservoir simulation model, and 21-year field production data were utilized for history matching and constraining of the reservoir model. Then, continuous CO2 and CO2-WAG injection methods were simulated using newly developed and history-matched geo-models and compared to assess their CO2-EOR and CO2 storage mechanisms and determine their potential in a mixed sandstone-carbonate reservoir. The effect of the anisotropic permeability ratio and hysteresis on CO2 storage mechanisms was addressed in this work. The results indicate that the CO2-WAG scheme can yield a +3% oil recovery factor than the continuous CO2 injection method, and CO2-WAG injection can utilize up to 14 and 12% of the total CO2 injected for residual and solubility trappings, respectively, while a minimal 2.9 and 0.03% was utilized from continuous CO2 injection for residual and solubility trappings, respectively. The WAG ratio of 2:1 could yield a higher recovery factor and greater CO2 utilization for solubility and residual trappings in a mixed reservoir. In mixed and interbedded reservoirs, geological anisotropy can also strongly influence reservoir performance during the CO2-EOR process, in which higher values of the anisotropy ratio (Kv/Kh) in CO2-WAG can yield greater oil recovery and more CO2 storage; also, hysteresis has great impact on residual trapping. This study provides valuable insights into the potential of CO2-WAG for CO2 sequestration and CO2-EOR in mature mixed and interbedded reservoirs.

    Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society

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    Cite this: Energy Fuels 2022, 36, 17, 10299–10314
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c02185
    Published August 17, 2022
    Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

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