Biomass Production Potential in a River under Climate Change Scenarios

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This article references 109 other publications.

1. 1

   Kelly, M. G.; Whitton, B. A. Biological monitoring of eutrophication in rivers. Hydrobiologia 1998, 384, 55– 67,  DOI: 10.1023/A:1003400910730

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2. 2

   Hilton, J.; O’Hare, M.; Bowes, M. J.; Jones, J. I. How green is my river? A new paradigm of eutrophication in rivers. Sci. Total Environ. 2006, 365, 66– 83,  DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.02.055

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   2

   How green is my river? A new paradigm of eutrophication in rivers

   Hilton, John; O'Hare, Matthew; Bowes, Michael J.; Jones, J. Iwan

   Science of the Total Environment (2006), 365 (1-3), 66-83CODEN: STENDL; ISSN:0048-9697. (Elsevier Ltd.)

   Although the process of eutrophication is reasonably well understood in lakes, there is currently no conceptual understanding of how eutrophication develops in rivers. This issue is addressed here. A review of the main processes controlling the development of eutrophication in lakes has been carried out as a precursor to considering the effect in rivers. The importance of hydraulic flushing in controlling algal growth suggests that short-retention-time rivers will show different effects compared to long retention-time, impounded rivers. The latter are likely to operate like lakes, moving from macrophyte domination to phytoplankton domination whereas the former move to benthic and filamentous algal domination. Subsequently, a conceptual model of the development of eutrophic conditions in short-retention-time rivers is developed. Although there is general agreement in the literature that an increase in nutrients, particularly phosphorus, is a pre-requisite for the eutrophic conditions to develop, there is little evidence in short-retention-time rivers that the plant (macro and micro) biomass is limited by nutrients and a good case can be made that the interaction of hydraulic drag with light limitation is the main controlling factor. The light limitation is brought about by the development of epiphytic algal films on the macrophyte leaves. The implications of this conceptual model are discussed and a series of observable effects are predicted, which should result if the model is correct.

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3. 3

   Jarvie, H. P.; Smith, D. R.; Norton, L. R.; Edwards, F. K.; Bowes, M. J.; King, S. M.; Scarlett, P.; Davies, S.; Dils, M. R.; Bachiller-Jareno, N. Phosphorus and nitrogen limitation and impairment of headwater streams relative to rivers in Great Britain: A national perspective on eutrophication. Sci. Total Environ. 2018, 621, 849– 862,  DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.128

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   3

   Phosphorus and nitrogen limitation and impairment of headwater streams relative to rivers in Great Britain: A national perspective on eutrophication

   Jarvie, Helen P.; Smith, Douglas R.; Norton, Lisa R.; Edwards, Francois K.; Bowes, Michael J.; King, Stephen M.; Scarlett, Peter; Davies, Sian; Dils, Rachael M.; Bachiller-Jareno, Nuria

   Science of the Total Environment (2018), 621 (), 849-862CODEN: STENDL; ISSN:0048-9697. (Elsevier B.V.)

   This study provides a 1st national-scale assessment of the nutrient status of British headwater streams within the wider river network, by joint anal. of the national Countryside Survey Headwater Stream and Harmonized River Monitoring Scheme datasets. We apply a novel Nutrient Limitation Assessment methodol. to explore the extent to which nutrients may potentially limit primary prodn. in headwater streams and rivers, by coupling ternary assessment of N, P, and C depletion, with N:P stoichiometry, and threshold P and N concns. P limitation was more commonly seen in the rivers, with greater prevalence of N limitation in the headwater streams. High levels of potential P and N co-limitation were found in the headwater streams, esp. the Upland-Low-Alky. streams. This suggests that managing both P and N inputs may be needed to minimize risks of degrdn. of these sensitive headwater stream environments. Although localized nutrient impairment of headwater streams can occur, there were markedly lower rates of P and N impairment of headwater streams relative to downstream rivers at the national scale. Nutrient source contributions, relative to hydrol. diln., increased with catchment scale, corresponding with increases in the extent of agricultural and urban land-use. The estd. nutrient redns. needed to achieve compliance with Water Framework Directive stds., and to reach limiting concns., were greatest for the Lowland-High-Alky. rivers and streams. Preliminary assessments suggest that reducing P concns. in the Lowland-High-Alky. headwater streams, and N concns. in the Upland-Low-Alky. rivers, might offer greater overall benefits for water-quality remediation at the national scale, relative to the magnitude of nutrient redns. required. This approach could help inform the prioritization of nutrient remediation, as part of a directional approach to water quality management based on closing the gaps between current and target nutrient concns.

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4. 4

   Gerke, M.; Hübner, D.; Schneider, J.; Winkelmann, C. Can top-down effects of cypriniform fish be used to mitigate eutrophication effects in medium-sized European rivers?. Sci. Total Environ. 2021, 755, 142547,  DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142547

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   4

   Can top-down effects of cypriniform fish be used to mitigate eutrophication effects in medium-sized European rivers?

   Gerke, Madlen; Huebner, Dirk; Schneider, Joerg; Winkelmann, Carola

   Science of the Total Environment (2021), 755 (Part_1), 142547CODEN: STENDL; ISSN:0048-9697. (Elsevier B.V.)

   Eutrophication seriously threatens the ecol. quality and biodiversity of running waters. In nutrient-enriched streams and shallow rivers, eutrophication leads to excessive periphyton growth and, in turn, biol. clogging, oxygen depletion in the hyporheic zone and finally a redn. in the hyporheic habitat quality. Top-down control of the food-web by manipulating fish stocks, similar to the biomanipulation successfully applied in lakes, offers a promising approach to mitigating the effects of eutrophication in shallow rivers, esp. those in which major redns. in nutrient input are not feasible. We conducted a reach-scale expt. over 4 years in a medium-sized eutrophic river to assess whether the top-down effects of two important large European cypriniform fish species, herbivorous common nase (Chondrostoma nasus) and omnivorous European chub (Squalius cephalus), would mitigate the effects of eutrophication. The enhancement of fish stocks was expected to reduce biol. clogging, via the top-down control of periphyton by benthic grazing and enhanced bioturbation, thus increasing oxygen availability in the hyporheic zone as well as water exchange between the surface water and the hyporheic zone. As expected, enhancing the stocks of nase and chub increased both oxygen availability and vertical exchange flux of water in the upper layer of the hyporheic zone. However, periphyton biomass (chlorophyll a) was significantly reduced only in deeper pool habitat. Thus, while exptl. biomanipulation in a shallow river significantly mitigated the effects of eutrophication in the hyporheic zone, top-down effects on periphyton biomass were rather small. Overall, to our knowledge, our results provide first evidence that the biomanipulation achieved by enhancing herbivorous and omnivorous fish stocks has the potential to mitigate the effects of eutrophication in medium-sized European rivers.

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5. 5

   Beretta-Blanco, A.; Carrasco-Letelier, L. Relevant factors in the eutrophication of the Uruguay River and the Río Negro. Sci. Total Environ. 2021, 761, 143299,  DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143299

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   5

   Relevant factors in the eutrophication of the Uruguay River and the Rio Negro

   Beretta-Blanco, Andres; Carrasco-Letelier, Leonidas

   Science of the Total Environment (2021), 761 (), 143299CODEN: STENDL; ISSN:0048-9697. (Elsevier B.V.)

   In recent decades, there has been increasing eutrophication of rivers and lagoons in Uruguay and solns. leading to water purifn. are being sought. The growing pollution has been attributed to nitrogen and phosphorus compds. exported from the river basins with intensification of agricultural prodn. and the absence of tertiary treatment for urban and industrial effluents. Although nitrogen and phosphorus are relevant to eutrophication, there are also other factors that can promote eutrophication and algal blooms. This paper reports a broad anal. of water quality variables recorded over 9 years (2009-2018) at 17 sampling stations on the Uruguay River and 16 sampling stations on the Rio Negro, and explores their relationship with the changes of chlorophyll a (Chl-a) concns. using a generalized linear model and a neural network simulation (NNS). The input variables were total phosphorus; total suspended solids; elec. cond. of water (ECw); alky.; water temp. (T); water pH (pH) and sampling month. The NNS explained 79% of Chl-a variations and showed the most relevant variables to be T, ECw, and pH. Moreover, the NNS showed that replacement of current land uses by natural prairie would not significantly reduce Chl-a concns. The results showed that the main factors that drive Chl-a concns. (i.e., algae) are not directly linked to agriculture land use.

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6. 6

   Cluis, D.; Couture, P.; Bégin, R.; Visser, S. A. Potential eutrophication assessment in rivers; relationship between produced and exported loads. Swiss J. hydrol. 1988, 50, 166– 181,  DOI: 10.1007/BF02538984

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   6

   Potential eutrophication assessment in rivers; relationship between produced and exported loads

   Cluis, D.; Couture, P.; Begin, R.; Visser, S. A.

   Swiss Journal of Hydrology (1988), 50 (2), 166-81CODEN: SJHYEY ISSN:.

   The phys. characteristics of river waters greatly complicate the relation between nutrient input and primary productivity. An approach to quantify this relation is developed by linking land use within the watershed to the bioavailability of nutrients in the receiving waters. It ests. an enrichment index derived from N/P ratios. A load model links land-use within the watershed area to nutrient export and allows the estn. of the potential enrichment index from the ratio of calcd. annual exports of N and P. This index correlates well with the real enrichment index representing the annual mean value of the corresponding measured ratios in running waters. The latter index can then be related to nutrient availability expressed by chlorophyll a and algal growth potential. This model, established from 7 sampling stations on the Yamaska-North River, Canada, allowed the assessment of nutrient bioavailability in the river water as a function of hdyrol. (low or high water flow) as well as of seasonal (summer or winter) events.

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7. 7

   McDowell, R. W.; Larned, S. T.; Houlbrooke, D. J. Nitrogen and phosphorus in New Zealand streams and rivers: control and impact of eutrophication and the influence of land management. N. Z. J. Mar. Freshwater Res. 2009, 43, 985– 995,  DOI: 10.1080/00288330909510055

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   7

   Nitrogen and phosphorus in New Zealand streams and rivers: control and impact of eutrophication and the influence of land management

   McDowell, R. W.; Larned, S. T.; Houlbrooke, D. J.

   New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research (2009), 43 (4), 985-995CODEN: NZJMBS; ISSN:0028-8330. (RSNZ Publishing)

   Given sufficient light and heat, the growth of aquatic macrophytes and algae assocd. with eutrophication is generally controlled by the concn., form and ratio between nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Data from 1100 freshwater sites monitored for the last 10 years by New Zealand's regional councils and unitary authorities were assessed for streams and rivers with mean nitrate/nitrite-N (NNN), dissolved reactive P (DRP), total N (TN) and total P (TP) concns. in excess of New Zealand guidelines, and to generate a data set of N:P ratios to predict potential periphyton response according to the concn. of the limiting nutrient. The frequency of sites exceeding the guidelines varied from 0 to 100% depending on the parameter and region, but South Island regions were generally more compliant. The dissolved inorg. N (DIN) to dissolved reactive P (DRP) ratio was used to group data into three nutrient limitation classes: <7:1 (N-limited), between 7:1 and 15:1 (co-limited), and >15:1 (P-limited), by mass. P-limitation was the most frequent scenario in New Zealand streams (overall, 76% of sites were P-limited, 12% N-limited, and 12% co-limited). The mean concn. of the limiting nutrient for each site was combined with empirical relationships to predict periphyton densities (the av. of N- and P-limited growth was used for sites with co-limitation). This assessment predicted that 22 sites were likely to exceed the periphyton guideline for protecting benthic biodiversity (50 mg chlorophyll a m-2), but this assessment is likely to be highly changeable in response to climatic conditions and present and future land use. As an example, we modelled N and P losses from an av. sheep and a dairy farm in Southland (South Island, New Zealand) in 1958, 1988, 2008 and 2028. We predicted that with time, as farm systems have and continue to intensify, N losses increase at a greater rate than P losses. Since the pathway for N to reach fresh waters may be more tortuous and take longer than P to reach a stream or river, focusing mitigation on P losses may have a quicker effect on potential algal growth. In addn., with time, it is expected that P-limitation in New Zealand's rivers and streams will be more widespread as N-losses are unabated. Hence, although strategies to decrease N losses should be practised, mitigating P losses is also central to preventing eutrophication.

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8. 8

   Longley, K. R.; Huang, W.; Clark, C.; Johnson, E. Effects of nutrient load from St. Jones River on water quality and eutrophication in Lake George, Florida. Limnologica 2019, 77, 125687,  DOI: 10.1016/j.limno.2019.125687

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9. 9

   Zheng, L.-w.; Zhai, W.-d.; Wang, L.-f.; Huang, T. Improving the understanding of central Bohai Sea eutrophication based on wintertime dissolved inorganic nutrient budgets: Roles of north Yellow Sea water intrusion and atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Environ. Pollut. 2020, 267, 115626,  DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115626

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   9

   Improving the understanding of central Bohai Sea eutrophication based on wintertime dissolved inorganic nutrient budgets: Roles of north Yellow Sea water intrusion and atmospheric nitrogen deposition

   Zheng, Li-wen; Zhai, Wei-dong; Wang, Li-fang; Huang, Tao

   Environmental Pollution (Oxford, United Kingdom) (2020), 267 (), 115626CODEN: ENPOEK; ISSN:0269-7491. (Elsevier Ltd.)

   The Bohai Sea is a shallow-water, semi-enclosed marginal sea of the Northwest Pacific. Since the late 1990s, it has suffered from nutrient over-enrichment. To better understand the eutrophication characteristics of this important coastal sea, we examd. four survey datasets from summer (June 2011), late autumn (Nov. 2011), winter (Jan. 2016), and early spring (Apr. 2018). Nutrient conditions in the Bohai Sea were subject to seasonal and regional variations. Survey-averaged N/P ratios in estuarine and nearshore areas were 20-133. In contrast, the central Bohai Sea had mean N/P ratios of 16.9 ± 3.4 in late autumn, 16.1 ± 3.0 in winter and 13.5 ± 5.8 in early spring, which are close to the traditional N:P Redfield ratio of 16. In summer, both dissolved inorg. nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorg. phosphate (DIP) were used up in the surface waters of the central Bohai Sea, suggesting that the biol. consumption of DIN and DIP may also follow the Redfield ratio. Wintertime nutrient budgets of the central Bohai Sea water were then established based on a mass balance study. Our results suggest that the adjacent North Yellow Sea supplied addnl. DIP to the central Bohai Sea via wintertime water intrusion, balancing terrigenous excess DIN that was introduced in summer. A water-mixing simulation combining these two nutrient sources with atm. nitrogen deposition suggests that eutrophication in the central Bohai Sea will likely be enhanced by the large-scale accumulation of anthropogenic nitrogen in adjacent open oceans. Such changes in nutrients may have fundamentally contributed to the recent development of algal blooms and seasonal hypoxia in the central Bohai Sea.

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10. 10

    Cho, J.; Her, Y.; Bosch, D. Assessing applicability of SWAT calibrated at multiple spatial scales from field to stream. J. Korean Soc. Agric. Eng. 2015, 57, 21– 39,  DOI: 10.5389/KSAE.2015.57.3.021

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11. 11

    Morelli, B.; Hawkins, T. R.; Niblick, B.; Henderson, A. D.; Golden, H. E.; Compton, J. E.; Cooter, J. E.; Bare, J. C. Critical review of eutrophication models for life cycle assessment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2018, 52, 9562– 9578,  DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00967

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    11

    Critical Review of Eutrophication Models for Life Cycle Assessment

    Morelli, Ben; Hawkins, Troy R.; Niblick, Briana; Henderson, Andrew D.; Golden, Heather E.; Compton, Jana E.; Cooter, Ellen J.; Bare, Jane C.

    Environmental Science & Technology (2018), 52 (17), 9562-9578CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN:0013-936X. (American Chemical Society)

    A review. This paper evaluates the current state of life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methods used to est. potential eutrophication impacts in freshwater and marine ecosystems and presents a crit. review of the underlying surface water quality, watershed, marine, and air fate and transport (F&T) models. Using a criteria rubric, we assess the potential of each method and model to contribute to further refinements of life cycle assessment (LCA) eutrophication mechanisms and nutrient transformation processes as well as model structure, availability, geog. scope, and spatial and temporal resoln. We describe recent advances in LCIA modeling and provide guidance on the best available sources of fate and exposure factors, with a focus on midpoint indicators. The crit. review identifies gaps in LCIA characterization modeling regarding the availability and spatial resoln. of fate factors in the soil compartment and identifies strategies to characterize emissions from soil. Addnl. opportunities are identified to leverage detailed F&T models that strengthen existing approaches to LCIA or that have the potential to link LCIA modeling more closely with the spatial and temporal realities of the effects of eutrophication.

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12. 12

    Fu, B.; Merritt, W. S.; Croke, B. F. W.; Weber, T. R.; Jakeman, A. J. A review of catchment-scale water quality and erosion models and a synthesis of future prospects. Environ. Modell. Software 2019, 114, 75– 97,  DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2018.12.008

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13. 13

    Crossman, J.; Bussi, G.; Whitehead, P. G.; Butterfield, D.; Lannergård, E.; Futter, M. N. A New, Catchment-Scale Integrated Water Quality Model of Phosphorus, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Phytoplankton: INCA-Phosphorus Ecology (PEco). Water 2021, 13, 723,  DOI: 10.3390/w13050723

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14. 14

    Nguyen, H. H.; Recknagel, F.; Meyer, W.; Frizenschaf, J.; Shrestha, M. K. Modelling the impacts of altered management practices, land use and climate changes on the water quality of the Millbrook catchment-reservoir system in South Australia. J. Environ. Manage. 2017, 202, 1– 11,  DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.07.014

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    14

    Modelling the impacts of altered management practices, land use and climate changes on the water quality of the Millbrook catchment-reservoir system in South Australia

    Nguyen, Hong Hanh; Recknagel, Friedrich; Meyer, Wayne; Frizenschaf, Jacqueline; Shrestha, Manoj Kumar

    Journal of Environmental Management (2017), 202 (S), 1-11CODEN: JEVMAW; ISSN:0301-4797. (Elsevier Ltd.)

    Sustainable management of drinking water reservoirs requires taking into account the potential effects of their catchments' development. This study is an attempt to est. the daily patterns of nutrients transport in the catchment - reservoir systems through the application of the ensemble of complementary models SWAT-SALMO. SWAT quantifies flow, nitrate and phosphate loadings originating in catchments before entering downstream reservoirs meanwhile SALMO dets. phosphate, nitrate, and chlorophyll-a concns. within the reservoirs. The study applies to the semi-arid Millbrook catchment-reservoir system that supplies drinking water to north-eastern suburbs of Adelaide, South Australia. The catchment hosts viti- and horticultural land uses. The warm-monomictic, mesotrophic reservoir is artificially aerated in summer. After validating the simulation results for both Millbrook catchment and reservoir, a comprehensive scenario anal. has been conducted to reveal cascading effects of altered management practices, land uses and climate conditions on water quality in the reservoir. Results suggest that the effect on reservoir condition in summer would be severe, most likely resulting in chlorophyll-a concns. of greater than 40μg/l if the artificial destratification was not applied from early summer. A 50% curbing of water diversion from an external pipeline to the catchment will slightly limit chlorophyll-a concns. by 1.22% as an effect of reduced inflow phosphate loads. The simulation of prospective land use scenarios converting 50% of present pasture in the Millbrook catchment into residential and orchards areas indicates an increase of summer chlorophyll-a concns. by 9.5-107.9%, resp. in the reservoir. Global warming scenarios based on the high emission simulated by SWAT-SALMO did result in earlier growth of chlorophyll-a but overall the effects on water quality in the Millbrook reservoir was not significant. However scenarios combining global warming and land use changes resulted in significant eutrophication effects in the reservoir, esp. in the unmanaged condition with stratification in summer. This study has demonstrated that complementary model ensembles like SWAT-SALMO allow to comprehend more realistically cascading effects of distinct catchment processes on internal reservoir's processes, and facilitate integrated management scenarios.

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15. 15

    Bucak, T.; Trolle, D.; Tavşanoğlu, Ü. N.; Çakıroğlu, A. İ.; Özen, A.; Jeppesen, E.; Beklioğlu, M. Modeling the effects of climatic and land use changes on phytoplankton and water quality of the largest Turkish freshwater lake: Lake Beyşehir. Sci. Total Environ. 2018, 621, 802– 816,  DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.258

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    15

    Modeling the effects of climatic and land use changes on phytoplankton and water quality of the largest Turkish freshwater lake: Lake Beyshehir

    Bucak, Tuba; Trolle, Dennis; Tavsanoglu, U. Nihan; Cakiroglu, A. Idil; Ozen, Arda; Jeppesen, Erik; Beklioglu, Meryem

    Science of the Total Environment (2018), 621 (), 802-816CODEN: STENDL; ISSN:0048-9697. (Elsevier B.V.)

    Climate change and intense land use practices are the main threats to ecosystem structure and services of Mediterranean lakes. It is essential to predict the future changes and develop mitigation measures to combat such pressures. Here, Lake Beyshehir, the largest freshwater lake in the Mediterranean basin, was selected to study the effects of climate change and various land use scenarios on the ecosystem dynamics of Mediterranean freshwater ecosystems and the services that they provide. We linked catchment model outputs to the 2 different processed-based lake models: PCLake and GLM-AED, and tested the scenarios of 5 General Circulation Models, 2 Representation Concn. Pathways and 3 different land use scenarios, which enable us to consider the various sources of uncertainty. Climate change and land use scenarios generally predicted strong future decreases in hydraulic and nutrient loads from the catchment to the lake. These changes in loads translated into alterations in water level as well as minor changes in chlorophyll a (Chl-a) concns. We also obsd. an increased abundance of cyanobacteria in both lake models. Total P, temp. and hydraulic loading were found to be the most important variables detg. cyanobacteria biomass. As the future scenarios revealed only minor changes in Chl-a due to the significant decrease in nutrient loads, our results highlight that reduced nutrient loading in a warming world may play a crucial role in offsetting the effects of temp. on phytoplankton growth. However, our results also showed increased abundance of cyanobacteria in the future may threaten ecosystem integrity and may limit drinking water ecosystem services. Extended periods of decreased hydraulic loads from the catchment and increased evapn. may lead to water level redns. and may diminish the ecosystem services of the lake as a water supply for irrigation and drinking water.

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16. 16

    Coppens, J.; Trolle, D.; Jeppesen, E.; Beklioğlu, M. The impact of climate change on a Mediterranean shallow lake: insights based on catchment and lake modelling. Reg. Environ. Change 2020, 20, 62– 13,  DOI: 10.1007/s10113-020-01641-6

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17. 17

    Woo, S.-Y.; Kim, S.-J.; Lee, J.-W.; Kim, S.-H.; Kim, Y.-W. Evaluating the impact of interbasin water transfer on water quality in the recipient river basin with SWAT. Sci. Total Environ. 2021, 145984,  DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145984

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    17

    Evaluating the impact of interbasin water transfer on water quality in the recipient river basin with SWAT

    Woo, So-Young; Kim, Seong-Joon; Lee, Ji-Wan; Kim, Se-Hoon; Kim, Yong-Won

    Science of the Total Environment (2021), 776 (), 145984CODEN: STENDL; ISSN:0048-9697. (Elsevier B.V.)

    During the second half of the 20th century in South Korea, interbasin water transfers (IBWTs) have been used to supply the water demands of basins with insufficient water using water from reservoirs in neighboring basins with ample water. However, since 2000, frequent droughts have resulted in water resource imbalances in donor basins, and basin residents have begun to claim their water rights. Recipient basins have also experienced water shortages and water quality deterioration due to gradual urban growth, agricultural activities, and climate change impacts. In this study, the Mangyeong River basin (1602 km2) was investigated. This basin has received 380 million m3/yr of water since 2002 from the Yongdam multipurpose dam (YDD), which is located in another basin. For IBWT modeling, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and an inlet function were applied to model the recipient and donor water quality. Eight scenarios related to water transfer quantity and quality were applied with SWAT to analyze the effects of IBWT on the water quality in the recipient basin. The results showed that an increase in the IBWT amt. helped to reduce the nutrient and suspended solids concns. in the recipient basin when the donor's nutrient and suspended solids concns. were lower than those in the recipient basin. The IBWT quantity scenarios had a greater impact on the water quality of the recipient basin than the IBWT quality scenarios. These results could provide basic information for use in deciding on the quantity and quality of IBWT between basins that are in conflict.

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18. 18

    Andersen, T. K.; Bolding, K.; Nielsen, A.; Bruggeman, J.; Jeppesen, E.; Trolle, D. How morphology shapes the parameter sensitivity of lake ecosystem models. Environ. Modell. Software 2021, 136, 104945,  DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2020.104945

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19. 19

    Lee, E.; Kim, S.; Na, E.; Kim, K. Prewhitened causality analysis for the chlorophyll-a concentration in the Yeongsan River system. Water Qual. Res. J. 2019, 54, 161– 177,  DOI: 10.2166/wcc.2018.259

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    19

    Prewhitened causality analysis for the chlorophyll-a concentration in the Yeongsan River system

    Lee, Eunhyung; Kim, Sanghyun; Na, Eunhye; Kim, Kyunghyun

    Water Quality Research Journal (2019), 54 (2), 161-177CODEN: WQRJAQ; ISSN:2408-9443. (IWA Publishing)

    Blooming of algae has been a primary issue of concern for heavily polluted aquatic ecosystems. The chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concn. depends on various hydrol., biochem. and anthropogenic components, which makes prediction of algal blooms complicated. A river regulation project in Yeongsan River, South Korea, involving the construction of a weir, had substantially altered the flow regime. A prewhitened time series anal. is a useful method for delineation of a causal relationship between two environmental variables. This study explores the impact of river regulation on algal blooming using both the prewhitened cross-correlation method and principal factor anal. Both individual and comprehensive causality structures were configured for the variation in Chl-a concn. A prewhitened cross-correlation anal. indicates that the water quality response patterns of the river system were changed to those of a reservoir after the river regulation project. A principal factor anal. of correlations indicates that the weir construction had a stronger impact on algal concn. than both the hydro-meteorol. factor and difference in sampling location. Variation in stochastic structures from nutrients and water quality factors to algal bloom was substantially reduced by the construction of a weir, which can be explained by the relatively uniform flow pattern throughout the river regulation practice.

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20. 20

    Song, K.; Fang, C.; Jacinthe, P.-A.; Wen, Z.; Liu, G.; Xu, X.; Shang, Y.; Lyu, L. Climatic versus Anthropogenic Controls of Decadal Trends (1983–2017) in Algal Blooms in Lakes and Reservoirs across China. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2021, 55, 2929– 2938,  DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06480

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    20

    Climatic versus Anthropogenic Controls of Decadal Trends (1983-2017) in Algal Blooms in Lakes and Reservoirs across China

    Song, Kaishan; Fang, Chong; Jacinthe, Pierre-Andre; Wen, Zhidan; Liu, Ge; Xu, Xiaofeng; Shang, Yingxin; Lyu, Lili

    Environmental Science & Technology (2021), 55 (5), 2929-2938CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN:0013-936X. (American Chemical Society)

    The proliferation of algal blooms (ABs) in lakes and reservoirs (L&Rs) poses a threat to water quality and the ecol. health of aquatic communities. With global climate change, there is a concern that the frequency and geog. expansion of ABs in L&Rs could increase. China has experienced rapid economic growth and major land-use changes over the last several decades and therefore provides an excellent context for such an anal. About 289,600 Landsat images were used to examine the spatiotemporal distribution of ABs in L&Rs (>1 km2) across China (1983-2017). Results showed significant changes in the temporal slope of the sum of normalized area (0.26), frequency (2.28), duration (6.14), and early outbreak (-3.48) of AB events in L&Rs across China. Specifically, AB-impacted water bodies expanded longitudinally, and the time range of AB observation has expanded starting in the 2000s. Spearman correlation and random forest regression analyses further indicated that, among climatic factors, wind speed and temp. contributed the most to AB expansion. Overall, anthropogenic forces have overridden the imprints of climatic factors on the temporal evolution of ABs in China's L&Rs and therefore could inform policy decisions for the management of these resources.

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21. 21

    Kuhn, C.; de Matos Valerio, A.; Ward, N.; Loken, L.; Sawakuchi, H. O.; Kampel, M.; Richey, J.; Stadler, P.; Crawford, J.; Striegl, R.; Vermote, E.; Pahlevan, N.; Butman, D. Performance of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 surface reflectance products for river remote sensing retrievals of chlorophyll-a and turbidity. Remote Sens. Environ. 2019, 224, 104– 118,  DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2019.01.023

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    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
22. 22

    Foucher, A.; Evrard, O.; Huon, S.; Curie, F.; Lefèvre, I.; Vaury, V.; Cerdan, O.; Vandromme, R.; Salvador-Blanes, S. Regional trends in eutrophication across the Loire river basin during the 20th century based on multi-proxy paleolimnological reconstructions. Agric., Ecosyst. Environ. 2020, 301, 107065,  DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2020.107065

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    22

    Regional trends in eutrophication across the Loire river basin during the 20th century based on multi-proxy paleolimnological reconstructions

    Foucher, Anthony; Evrard, Olivier; Huon, Sylvain; Curie, Florence; Lefevre, Irene; Vaury, Veronique; Cerdan, Olivier; Vandromme, Rosalie; Salvador-Blanes, Sebastien

    Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment (2020), 301 (), 107065CODEN: AEENDO; ISSN:0167-8809. (Elsevier B.V.)

    Excessive inputs of sediment and acceleration of primary prodn. have been obsd. worldwide in a large no. of water bodies. Human-environment interactions were recognized as one of the main drivers of this evolution during the 20th century with the occurrence of major landscape changes and a greater use of agricultural inputs. In this study, we used paleo-prodn. proxies such as chlorophyll-a, org. matter properties (TOC and TN concns., Δ13C and Δ15N) measured in sediment cores dated with fallout 210Pbex and 137Cs activities for reconstructing changes in accumulation rates and sources of org. matter during the recent period of agricultural intensification (1920-2020). In order to record these changes at the regional scale, sediment cores were collected at the outlet of several headwater catchments (n = 9), covering a wide range of land covers / land uses across the Loire River basin (117,000 km-), France. The rates of sedimentary org. matter deposition in the studied water bodies accelerated from 1950 onwards (+48%). Between 1950 and 1970, the signature of sedimentary org. matter indicates a dominant contribution of soil-derived inputs. This period corresponds to major landscape modifications across the basin (land consolidation, stream re-design, implementation of tile drains) driving a general acceleration of erosion rates. Then, from 1960 onwards, chlorophyll-a and C/N proxies indicate an increase in primary prodn. coupled with a decrease of terrigenous supply in agricultural catchments. These proxies were strongly correlated to the agricultural inputs during the 1955-1990 period (e.g., r = 0.9 between chlorophyll-a content and N inputs), suggesting a progressive eutrophication of these reservoirs driven by increasing fertilizer use. During these 35 years, sedimentary org. matter deposition rates increased on av. by 30%. During the 1990s, despite a slight redn. in fertilizer use (-13%), the paleo-prodn. proxies (e.g. chlorophyll-a) still indicate a pos. trend suggesting the contribution of another driving factor such as climate warming or again nutrient release from soils and sediments. In the absence of long term geochem. and sediment input monitoring, paleolimnol. reconstructions provide a powerful tool to reconstruct past agricultural pressures in rural environments. This study illustrates the impact of intensive farming on water body siltation driven by varying sources of org. material during the 20th century. In addn., these results suggest that eutrophication processes of these reservoirs with contrasting land uses started during the 1960-1970 period and are still ongoing nowadays.

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23. 23

    Kim, H. G.; Hong, S.; Chon, T.-S.; Joo, G.-J. Spatial patterning of chlorophyll a and water-quality measurements for determining environmental thresholds for local eutrophication in the Nakdong River basin. Environ. Pollut. 2021, 268, 115701,  DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115701

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    23

    Spatial patterning of chlorophyll a and water-quality measurements for determining environmental thresholds for local eutrophication in the Nakdong River basin

    Kim, Hyo Gyeom; Hong, Sungwon; Chon, Tae-Soo; Joo, Gea-Jae

    Environmental Pollution (Oxford, United Kingdom) (2021), 268 (Part_A), 115701CODEN: ENPOEK; ISSN:0269-7491. (Elsevier Ltd.)

    Management of water-quality in a river ecosystem needs to be focused on susceptible regions to eutrophication based on proper measurements. The stress-response relationships between nutrients and primary productivity of phytoplankton allow the derivation of ecol. acceptable thresholds of stressors under field conditions. However, spatio-temporal variations in heterogeneous environmental conditions have hindered the development of locally applicable criteria. To address these issues, we utilized a combination of a geog. specialized artificial neural network (Geo-SOM, geo-self-organizing map) and linear mixed-effect models (LMMs). The model was applied to a 24-mo data-set of 54 stations that spanned a wide spatial gradient in the Nakdong River basin. The Geo-SOM classified 1286 observations in the basin into 13 clusters that were regionally and seasonally distinct. Inclusion of the random effects of Geo-SOM clustering improved the performance of each LMM, which suggests that there were significant spatio-temporal variations in the Chla-stressor relationships. These variations arise owing to differences in background seasonality and the effects of local pollutant variables and land-use patterns. Among the 16 environmental variables, the major stressors for Chla were total phosphate (TP) as a nutrient and biol. oxygen demand (BOD) as a non-nutrient according to the results of both Geo-SOM and LMM anal. Based on LMMs with the random effect of the Geo-SOM clusters on the intercept and the slope, we can propose recommended thresholds for TP (18.5μg L-1) and BOD (1.6 mg L-1) in the Nakdong River. The combined method of LMM and Geo-SOM will be useful in guiding appropriate local water-quality-management strategies and in the global development of large-scale nutrient criteria.

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24. 24

    Kim, H. G.; Hong, S.; Jeong, K.-S.; Kim, D.-K.; Joo, G.-J. Determination of sensitive variables regardless of hydrological alteration in artificial neural network model of chlorophyll a: case study of Nakdong River. Ecol. Modell. 2019, 398, 67– 76,  DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.02.003

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    24

    Determination of sensitive variables regardless of hydrological alteration in artificial neural network model of chlorophyll a: Case study of Nakdong River

    Kim, Hyo Gyeom; Hong, Sungwon; Jeong, Kwang-Seuk; Kim, Dong-Kyun; Joo, Gea-Jae

    Ecological Modelling (2019), 398 (), 67-76CODEN: ECMODT; ISSN:0304-3800. (Elsevier B.V.)

    The Nakdong River has suffered from hydrol. alterations in the river channel and riverine area during the Four Major Rivers Restoration Project (FMRRP). As these anthropogenic modifications have induced intensive algal blooms, the prediction of algal abundances has become an important issue for securing a source of drinking water and ecosystem stability. This study aimed to assess the changed river system in terms of chlorophyll a concns. using artificial neural network (ANN) models trained for the pre-FMRRP period and tested for the post-FMRRP period in the middle reaches of such a river-reservoir system, and identify the descriptors that consistently affect algal dynamics. A total of 19 variables representing biweekly water-quality and meteo-hydrol. data over 10 years were used to develop models based on different ANN algorithms. To identify the major descriptor to the algal dynamics, sensitivity analyses were performed. The best and most feasible model incorporating five parameters (wind velocity, cond., alky., total nitrogen, and dam discharge) based on the topol. of a probabilistic neural network with a smoothing parameter of 0.028 showed satisfactory results (R = 0.752, p < 0.01). Some mismatches were found in the post-FMRRP period, which may be due to a discrete event with a newly adapted over-wintering species and different causes of the summer growth of cyanobacteria owing to the river alteration. Based on the lowest sensitivity of dam discharge and the combination results of environmental management with total nitrogen, ANN modeling indicated that short-term water quality variables are persistent factors shaping algal dynamics.

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25. 25

    Jeon, E.-I.; Kang, S.-J.; Lee, K.-Y. Estimation of chlorophyll-a concentration with semi-analytical algorithms using airborne hyperspectral imagery in Nakdong river of South Korea. Spat. Inf. Res. 2019, 27, 97– 107,  DOI: 10.1007/s41324-018-0204-0

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26. 26

    Shoaib, M.; Iqbal, M. M.; Khan, R.; Lee, J. L. An Analytical Study for Eutrophication Management of Arawaterway, Korea, by Developing a Flow Model. J. Coastal Res. 2019, 91, 226– 230,  DOI: 10.2112/SI91-046.1

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    26

    An analytical study for eutrophication management of arawaterway, korea, by developing a flow model

    Shoaib, Muhammad; Iqbal, Muhammad Mazhar; Khan, Rizwan; Lee, Jung Lyul

    Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue (2019), 91 (3rd International Water Safety Symposium, 2018), 226-230CODEN: JCRSCI ISSN:. (Coastal Education and Research Foundation, Inc.)

    The first inland artificial flow canal, Arawaterway, located at the lower part of the Han River, Korea, has been experiencing an excessive concn. of chlorophyll-α, lately. This study aims to develop an efficient plan to reduce the concn. of chlorophyll-α in the waterway. An anal. model was applied and calibrated with the data of the year 2016 to find the influence of the detention time on the chlorophyll-α concn. Statistical anal. was applied to verify the results of the anal. model. A numerical method, Runge-Kutta was applied to compare the results of the anal. soln. A flow model was developed to find the optimum flow rate from the Han river to the Arawaterway. Based on the elevation of West Sea and the Han River the elevation of Arawaterway was calcd. The results revealed that under the optimum flow conditions, the detention time could be decreased by 61%. The result produced by the flow model was applied on the anal. model and it was revealed that the mean monthly concn. of chlorophyll-α could be decreased by 28%.

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27. 27

    Pyo, J. C.; Pachepsky, Y. A.; Kim, M.; Baek, S.-S.; Lee, H.; Cha, Y. K.; Park, Y.; Cho, K. H. Simulating seasonal variability of phytoplankton in stream water using the modified SWAT model. Environ. Modell. Software 2019, 122, 104073,  DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.11.005

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    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
28. 28

    Lee, D. H.; Kim, J. H.; Park, M.-H.; Stenstrom, M. K.; Kang, J.-H. Automatic calibration and improvements on an instream chlorophyll a simulation in the HSPF model. Ecol. Modell. 2020, 415, 108835,  DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.108835

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    28

    Automatic calibration and improvements on an instream chlorophyll a simulation in the HSPF model

    Lee, Dong Hoon; Kim, Jin Hwi; Park, Mi-Hyun; Stenstrom, Michael K.; Kang, Joo-Hyon

    Ecological Modelling (2020), 415 (), 108835CODEN: ECMODT; ISSN:0304-3800. (Elsevier B.V.)

    Accurate prediction of chlorophyll a (Chl a) concn. in surface water bodies such as lakes or rivers is crucial for water quality management. This study improved the predictive simulation of instream Chl a with the Hydrol. Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) by adding automatic calibration and modifying the growth-temp. formulation of phytoplankton in the original HSPF model. A total of 62 model parameters, selected from a series of sensitivity analyses, were automatically calibrated in a stepwise manner for different variables in the order of flow, sediment, water temp., ammonia/nitrate couple, and phosphate/Chl a couple. With finer temporal resoln. (5-8 days) data than those of majority of the existing HSPF studies, the automatic calibration procedure provided the model with performance ratings of 'satisfactory' or better for all the variables including nutrients and Chl a: The percent bias values ranged from -18% - 54% and -20% - 62% for nutrients and Chl a, resp. The original linear equation on the growth-temp. relationship of phytoplankton in simulating instream Chl a was modified using a quadratic equation and an exponential equation. The exponential equation outperformed the original linear and quadratic equations, particularly in simulating the excess concns. of Chl a obsd. during summer seasons. For the validation data set, the exponential equation predicted 78% of the eutrophic cases while the linear and quadratic equation only predicted 53% and 13% of the eutrophic cases, resp. The modified HSPF model offers an improved prediction of instream Chl a. This approach will be useful for providing early warning of algal blooms, facilitating the implementation of effective management of stream water quality.

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29. 29

    Kim, K. B.; Jung, M.-K.; Tsang, Y. F.; Kwon, H.-H. Stochastic modeling of chlorophyll-a for probabilistic assessment and monitoring of algae blooms in the Lower Nakdong River, South Korea. J. Hazard. Mater. 2020, 400, 123066,  DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123066

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    29

    Stochastic modeling of chlorophyll-a for probabilistic assessment and monitoring of algae blooms in the Lower Nakdong River, South Korea

    Kim, Kue Bum; Jung, Min-Kyu; Tsang, Yiu Fai; Kwon, Hyun-Han

    Journal of Hazardous Materials (2020), 400 (), 123066CODEN: JHMAD9; ISSN:0304-3894. (Elsevier B.V.)

    Eutrophication is one of the crit. water quality issues in the world nowadays. Various studies have been conducted to explore the contributing factors related to eutrophication symptoms. However, in the field of eutrophication modeling, the stochastic nature assocd. with the eutrophication process has not been sufficiently explored, esp. in a multivariate stochastic modeling framework. In this study, a multivariate hidden Markov model (MHMM) that can consider the spatio-temporal dependence in chlorophyll-a concn. over the Nakdong River of South Korea was proposed. The MHMM can effectively cluster the intra-seasonal and inter-annual variability of chlorophyll-a, thereby enabling us to understand the spatio-temporal evolutions of algal blooms. The relationships between hydro-climatic conditions (e.g., temp. and river flow) and chlorophyll-a concns. were evident, whereas a relatively weak relationship with water quality parameters was obsd. The MHMM enables us to effectively infer the conditional probability of the eutrophication state for the following month. The self-transition likelihood of staying in the current state is substantially higher than the likelihood of moving to other states. Moreover, the proposed modeling approach can effectively offer a probabilistic decision-support framework for constructing an alert classification of the eutrophication. The potential use of the proposed modeling framework was also provided.

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30. 30

    Kim, K.; Mun, H.; Shin, H.; Park, S.; Yu, C.; Lee, J.; Yoon, Y.; Chung, H.; Yun, H.; Lee, K.; Jeong, G.; Oh, J.-a.; Lee, I.; Lee, H.; Kang, T.; Ryu, H. S.; Park, J.; Shin, Y.; Rhew, D. Nitrogen stimulates Microcystis-dominated blooms more than phosphorus in river conditions that favor non-nitrogen-fixing genera. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2020, 54, 7185– 7193,  DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07528

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    30

    Nitrogen stimulates microcystis-dominated blooms more than phosphorus in river conditions that favor non-nitrogen-fixing genera

    Kim, Kyunghyun; Mun, Hyunsaing; Shin, Hyunjoo; Park, Sanghyun; Yu, Chungseok; Lee, Jaehak; Yoon, Yumi; Chung, Hyeonsu; Yun, Hyeonjeong; Lee, Kyunglak; Jeong, Geonhee; Oh, Jin-a; Lee, Injung; Lee, Haejin; Kang, Taewoo; Ryu, Hui Seong; Park, Jonghwan; Shin, Yuna; Rhew, Doughee

    Environmental Science & Technology (2020), 54 (12), 7185-7193CODEN: ESTHAG; ISSN:0013-936X. (American Chemical Society)

    Despite the implementation of intensive phosphorus redn. measures, periodic outbreaks of cyanobacterial blooms in large rivers remain a problem in Korea, raising the need for more effective solns. to reduce their occurrence. This study sought to evaluate whether phosphorus or nitrogen limitation is an effective approach to control cyanobacterial (Microcystis) blooms in river conditions that favor this non-nitrogen-fixing genus. These conditions include nutrient enrichment, high water temp., and thermal stratification during summer. Mesocosm bioassays were conducted to investigate the limiting factors for cyanobacterial blooms in a river reach where severe Microcystis blooms occur annually. We evaluated the effect of five different nitrogen (3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 mg/L) and phosphorus (0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/L) concns. on algae growth. The results indicate that nitrogen treatments stimulated cyanobacteria (mostly Microcystis aeruginosa) more than phosphorus. Interestingly, phosphorus addns. did not stimulate cyanobacteria, although it did stimulate Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae. We conclude that phosphorus redn. might have suppressed the growth of Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae more than that of cyanobacteria; therefore, nitrogen or at least both nitrogen and phosphorus control appears more effective than phosphorus redns. alone for reducing cyanobacteria in river conditions that are favorable for non-nitrogen-fixing genera.

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31. 31

    Rankinen, K.; Bernal, J. E. C.; Holmberg, M.; Vuorio, K.; Granlund, K. Identifying multiple stressors that influence eutrophication in a Finnish agricultural river. Sci. Total Environ. 2019, 658, 1278– 1292,  DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.294

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    31

    Identifying multiple stressors that influence eutrophication in a Finnish agricultural river

    Rankinen, Katri; Cano Bernal, Jose Enrique; Holmberg, Maria; Vuorio, Kristiina; Granlund, Kirsti

    Science of the Total Environment (2019), 658 (), 1278-1292CODEN: STENDL; ISSN:0048-9697. (Elsevier B.V.)

    In Finland, a recent ecol. classification of surface waters showed that the rivers and coastal waters need attention to improve their ecol. state. We combined eco-hydrol. and empirical models to study chlorophyll-a concn. as an indicator of eutrophication in a small agricultural river. We used a modified story-and-simulation method to build three storylines for possible changes in future land use due to climate change and political change. The main objective in the first storyline is to stimulate economic activity but also to promote the sustainable and efficient use of resources. The second storyline is based on the high awareness but poor regulation of environmental protection, and the third is to survive as individual countries instead of being part of a unified Europe. We assumed trade of agricultural products to increase to countries outside Europe. We found that chlorophyll-a concn. in the river depended on total phosphorus concn. In addn., there was a pos. synergistic interaction between total phosphorus and water temp. In future storylines, chlorophyll-a concn. increased due to land use and climate change. Climate change mainly had an indirect influence via increasing nutrient losses from intensified agriculture. We found that well-designed agri-environmental measures had the potential to decrease nutrient loading from fields, as long as the predicted increase in temp. remained under 2 °C. However, we were not able to achieve the nutrient redn. stated in current water protection targets. In addn., the ecol. status of the river deteriorated. The influence of temp. on chlorophyll-a growth indicates that novel measures for shading rivers to decrease water temp. may be needed in the future.

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32. 32

    Xia, R.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, G.; Zhang, Y.; Dou, M.; Hou, X.; Qiao, Y.; Wang, Q.; Yang, Z. Multi-factor identification and modelling analyses for managing large river algal blooms. Environ. Pollut. 2019, 254, 113056,  DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113056

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    32

    Multi-factor identification and modelling analyses for managing large river algal blooms

    Xia, Rui; Zhang, Yuan; Wang, Gangsheng; Zhang, Yongyong; Dou, Ming; Hou, Xikang; Qiao, Yunfeng; Wang, Qiang; Yang, Zhongwen

    Environmental Pollution (Oxford, United Kingdom) (2019), 254 (Part_B), 113056CODEN: ENPOEK; ISSN:0269-7491. (Elsevier Ltd.)

    A review. River algal blooms have become a newly emerging global environmental issue in recent decades. Compared with water eutrophication in lakes and reservoirs, algal blooms in large river systems can cause more severe consequences to watershed ecosystems at the watershed scale. However, reveal the causes of river algal blooms remains challenging in the interdisciplinary of hydrol.-ecol.-environmental research, due to its complex interaction mechanisms impacted by multiple factors. In addn., there were still considerable uncertainties on the characteristics, impacts, driving factors, as well as the applicable water system models for river algal blooms. In this paper, we reviewed existing literature to elaborate the definition and neg. effects of river algal blooms. We analyzed sensitive factors including nutrient, hydrol. and climatic elements. We also discussed the application of ecohydrol. models under complicated hydrol. conditions. Finally, we explored the essence of the river algal bloom by the interaction effects of phys. and biogeochem. process impacted by of climate change and human activities. The model-data integration accounting for multi-factor effects was expected to provide scientific guidance for the prevent and control of algal blooms in large river systems.

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33. 33

    Olaoye, I. A.; Confesor, R. B., Jr.; Ortiz, J. D. Impact of Seasonal Variation in Climate on Water Quality of Old Woman Creek Watershed Ohio Using SWAT. Climate 2021, 9, 50,  DOI: 10.3390/cli9030050

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34. 34

    Ménesguen, A.; Desmit, X.; Dulière, V.; Lacroix, G.; Thouvenin, B.; Thieu, V.; Dussauze, M. How to avoid eutrophication in coastal seas? A new approach to derive river-specific combined nitrate and phosphate maximum concentrations. Sci. Total Environ. 2018, 628-629, 400– 414,  DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.025

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    34

    How to avoid eutrophication in coastal seas? A new approach to derive river-specific combined nitrate and phosphate maximum concentrations

    Menesguen, Alain; Desmit, Xavier; Duliere, Valerie; Lacroix, Genevieve; Thouvenin, Benedicte; Thieu, Vincent; Dussauze, Morgan

    Science of the Total Environment (2018), 628-629 (), 400-414CODEN: STENDL; ISSN:0048-9697. (Elsevier B.V.)

    Since 1950, increase in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) river loadings in the North-East Atlantic (NEA) continental seas has induced a deep change in the marine coastal ecosystems, leading to eutrophication symptoms in some areas. In order to recover a Good Ecol. Status (GES) in the NEA, as required by European Water Framework Directive (WFD) and Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), redns. in N- and P-river loadings are necessary but they need to be minimal due to their economic impact on the farming industry. In the frame of the "EMoSEM" European project, we used two marine 3D ecol. models (ECO-MARS3D, MIRO&CO) covering the Bay of Biscay, the English Channel and the southern North Sea to est. the contributions of various sources (riverine, oceanic and atm.) to the winter nitrate and phosphate marine concns. The various distributed descriptors provided by the simulations allowed also to find a log-linear relationship between the 90th percentile of satellite-derived chlorophyll concns. and the "fully bioavailable" nutrients, i.e. simulated nutrient concns. weighted by light and stoichiometric limitation factors. Any GES threshold on the 90th percentile of marine chlorophyll concn. can then be translated in max. admissible 'fully bioavailable' DIN and DIP concns., from which an iterative linear optimization method can compute river-specific minimal abatements of N and P loadings. The method has been applied to four major river groups, assuming either a conservative (8 μg Chl L-1) or a more socially acceptable (15 μg Chl L-1) GES chlorophyll concn. threshold. In the conservative case, max. admissible winter concns. for nutrients correspond to marine background values, whereas in the lenient case, they are close to values recommended by the WFD/MSFD. Both models suggest that to reach chlorophyll GES, strong redns. of DIN and DIP are required in the Eastern French and Belgian-Dutch river groups.

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35. 35

    Li, B.; Yang, G.; Wan, R. Multidecadal water quality deterioration in the largest freshwater lake in China (Poyang Lake): Implications on eutrophication management. Environ. Pollut. 2020, 260, 114033,  DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114033

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    35

    Multidecadal water quality deterioration in the largest freshwater lake in China (Poyang Lake): Implications on eutrophication management

    Li, Bing; Yang, Guishan; Wan, Rongrong

    Environmental Pollution (Oxford, United Kingdom) (2020), 260 (), 114033CODEN: ENPOEK; ISSN:0269-7491. (Elsevier Ltd.)

    Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China and a globally important wetland with various functions. Exploring the multidecadal trend of water quality and hydroclimatic conditions is important for understanding the adaptation of the lake system under the pressure from multiple anthropogenic and meteorol. stressors. The present study applied the Mann-Kendall trend anal. and Pettitt test to detect the trend and breakpoints of hydroclimatic, and water quality parameters (from the 1980s to 2018) and the trend of monthly-seasonal ammonia (NH4-N) and total phosphorus (TP)concns. (from 2002 to 2018) in Poyang Lake. Results showed that Poyang Lake had undergone a highly significant warming trend from 1980 to 2018, with a warming rate of 0.44°C/decade in terms of annual daily mean air temp. The wind speed and water level of the lake presented a highly significant decreasing trend, whereas no notable trend was detected for pptn. variations. The annual mean total nitrogen (TN), NH4-N, TP, and permanganate index (CODMn) concns. showed significant upward trends from the 1980s to 2018. Remarkable abrupt shifts were detected for TN, NH4-N, and CODMn in around 2003. They were in accordance with the water level breakpoint of the lake, thus implying the important role of hydrol. conditions in water quality variations in floodplain lakes. A significant increasing trend has been detected for Chl-a variations during wet season from 2008 to 2018, which could be attributed to the increasing trend of nutrient concn. during the nutrient-limited phase of Poyang Lake. These hydroclimatic and water quality trends suggest a high risk of increasing phytoplankton growth in Poyang Lake. This study thus emphasizes the need for adaptive lake eutrophication management for floodplain lakes, particularly the consideration of the strong trade-off and synergies between hydroclimatic conditions and water quality variations.

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36. 36

    Li, T.; Zhang, Y.; He, B.; Yang, B.; Huang, Q. Periodically hydrologic alterations decouple the relationships between physicochemical variables and chlorophyll-a in a dam-induced urban lake. J. Environ. Sci. 2021, 99, 187– 195,  DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.06.014

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    36

    Periodically hydrologic alterations decouple the relationships between physicochemical variables and chlorophyll-a in a dam-induced urban lake

    Li Tianyang; Zhang Yuqi; He Binghui; Yang Bing; Huang Qi

    Journal of environmental sciences (China) (2021), 99 (), 187-195 ISSN:1001-0742.

    Periodically hydrologic alterations driven by seasonal change and water storage capacity management strongly modify physicochemical properties and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and their interactions in dam-induced lakes. However, the extent and magnitude of these changes still remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the effects of periodically hydrologic alterations on physicochemical variables and Chl-a in the dam-induced urban Hanfeng Lake, upstream of Three Gorges Reservoir. Shifts in Chl-a and 13 physicochemical variables were recorded monthly in the lake from January 2013 to December 2014. Chl-a was neither seasonal nor inter-annual differences while a few physical variables such as flow velocity (V) exhibited significantly seasonal variabilities, and chemical variables like total nitrogen (TN), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved silica (DSi) were markedly inter-annual differences. Higher TN:TP (40:1) and lower NO3-N:DSi (0.8:1) relative to balanced stoichiometric ratios suggested changes in composition of phytoplankton communities and potentially increased proportion of diatom in Hanfeng Lake. Chl-a was predicable by combination of dissolved oxygen (DO), TN and DSi in dry season, and by V alone in wet season. During the whole study period, Chl-a was solely negatively correlated with TN:TP, indicating decline in N concentration and increase in P could therefore increase Chl-a. Our results highlight pronounced decoupling of linkages between Chl-a and physicochemical variables affected by periodically hydrologic alterations in dam-induced aquatic systems.

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37. 37

    Beusen, A. H. W.; Bouwman, A. F.; Van Beek, L. P. H.; Mogollón, J. M.; Middelburg, J. J. Global riverine N and P transport to ocean increased during the 20th century despite increased retention along the aquatic continuum. Biogeosciences 2016, 13, 2441,  DOI: 10.5194/bg-13-2441-2016

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    37

    Global riverine N and P transport to ocean increased during the 20th century despite increased retention along the aquatic continuum

    Beusen, Arthur H. W.; Bouwman, Alexander F.; Beek, Ludovicus P. H. Van; Mogollon, Jose M.; Middelburg, Jack J.

    Biogeosciences (2016), 13 (8), 2441-2451CODEN: BIOGGR; ISSN:1726-4189. (Copernicus Publications)

    Various human activities - including agriculture, water consumption, river damming, and aquaculture - have intensified over the last century. This has had a major impact on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling in global continental waters. In this study, we use a coupled nutrientinput- hydrol.-instream nutrient retention model to quant. track the changes in the global freshwater N and P cycles over the 20th century. Our results suggest that, during this period, the global nutrient delivery to streams increased from 34 to 64 TgNyr-1 and from 5 to 9 Tg P yr-1. Furthermore, instream retention and removal grew from 14 to 27 TgNyr-1 and 3 to 5 Tg P yr-1. One of the major causes of increased retention is the growing no. of reservoirs, which now account for 24 and 22% of global N and P retention/removal in freshwater systems, resp. This increase in nutrient retention could not balance the increase in nutrient delivery to rivers with the consequence that river nutrient transport to the ocean increased from 19 to 37 TgNyr-1 and from 2 to 4 Tg P yr-1. Human activities have also led to a global increase in the molar N: P ratio in freshwater bodies.

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38. 38

    Le Moal, M.; Gascuel-Odoux, C.; Ménesguen, A.; Souchon, Y.; Étrillard, C.; Levain, A.; Moatar, F.; Pennard, A.; Souchu, P.; Lefevbre, A.; Pinay, G. Eutrophication: a new wine in an old bottle?. Sci. Total Environ. 2019, 651, 1– 11,  DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.139

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    38

    Eutrophication: A new wine in an old bottle?

    Le Moal, Morgane; Gascuel-Odoux, Chantal; Menesguen, Alain; Souchon, Yves; Etrillard, Claire; Levain, Alix; Moatar, Florentina; Pannard, Alexandrine; Souchu, Philippe; Lefebvre, Alain; Pinay, Gilles

    Science of the Total Environment (2019), 651 (Part_1), 1-11CODEN: STENDL; ISSN:0048-9697. (Elsevier B.V.)

    A review. Eutrophication is one of the most common causes of H2O quality impairment of inland and marine waters. Its best-known manifestations are toxic cyanobacteria blooms in lakes and waterways and proliferations of green macro algae in coastal areas. The term eutrophication is used by both the scientific community and public policy-makers, and therefore has a myriad of definitions. The introduction by the public authorities of regulations to limit eutrophication is a source of tension and debate on the activities identified as contributing or having contributed decisively to these phenomena. Debates on the identification of the driving factors and risk levels of eutrophication, seeking to guide public policies, led the ministries in charge of the environment and agriculture to ask for a joint scientific appraisal to be conducted on the subject. Four French research institutes were mandated to produce a crit. scientific anal. on the latest knowledge of the causes, mechanisms, consequences and predictability of eutrophication phenomena. This paper provides the methodol. and the main findings of this 2 years exercise involving 40 scientific experts.

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39. 39

    Huang, J.; Xu, C.-c.; Ridoutt, B. G.; Wang, X.-c.; Ren, P.-a. Nitrogen and phosphorus losses and eutrophication potential associated with fertilizer application to cropland in China. J. Cleaner Prod. 2017, 159, 171– 179,  DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.05.008

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    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
40. 40

    Lopes, O. F.; Rocha, F. A.; de Sousa, L. F.; da Silva, D. M. L.; Amorim, A. F.; Gomes, R. L.; da Silva, A. L. S., Jr.; de Jesus, R. M. Influence of land use on trophic state indexes in northeast Brazilian river basins. Environ. Monit. Assess. 2019, 191, 77,  DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7188-7

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    40

    Influence of land use on trophic state indexes in northeast Brazilian river basins

    Lopes Olandia Ferreira; de Sousa Lucas Farias; da Silva Daniela Mariano Lopes; Gomes Ronaldo Lima; da Silva Junior Andre Luiz Sampaio; de Jesus Raildo Mota; Lopes Olandia Ferreira; Amorim Andrique Figueiredo; Rocha Felizardo Adenilson; de Jesus Raildo Mota

    Environmental monitoring and assessment (2019), 191 (2), 77 ISSN:.

    Eutrophication is a natural process within the ecological succession of aquatic ecosystems that results from nutrient inputs to water bodies, especially limiting elements such as phosphorus and nitrogen. However, the anthropogenic activities in river basin influence areas accelerate the eutrophication process of water bodies. Eutrophication is a global problem and considered one of the most relevant reasons of aquatic environments' degradation. In this context, watercourses that make up the Eastern Water Planning and Management Region (RPGA) receive high pollutant contributions due to release of wastewater and agriculture diffuse sources from cities located in influence area. The present study aims to evaluate the land use effect in trophic state of the water bodies in Eastern RPGA basins. The Carlson Trophic State Index in 1977, adjusted by Lamparelli 2004, was used to determine the eutrophication degree of the three river basins (Almada, Cachoeira, and Una) located in the Eastern RPGA. The nutrient and chlorophyll a data were obtained from the Monitoring Program (Monitora) of Environment and Water Resources Institute of Bahia (INEMA), covering the period from 2008 to 2015, at thirteen (13) sampling sites, with quarterly collections. The results showed that, among three basins analyzed, Cachoeira River basin presented the worst values for trophic state index (TSI) due to the high level of anthropization, while best results were found in Una basin. It was verified that land use exerted a significant influence on the water quality of bodies of water evaluated.

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41. 41

    Yu, Y.; Wang, P.; Wang, C.; Wang, X. Optimal reservoir operation using multi-objective evolutionary algorithms for potential estuarine eutrophication control. J. Environ. Manage. 2018, 223, 758– 770,  DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.06.044

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    41

    Optimal reservoir operation using multi-objective evolutionary algorithms for potential estuarine eutrophication control

    Yu, Yang; Wang, Peifang; Wang, Chao; Wang, Xun

    Journal of Environmental Management (2018), 223 (), 758-770CODEN: JEVMAW; ISSN:0301-4797. (Elsevier Ltd.)

    Increased nutrient loads and changed nutrient ratios in estuarine waters have enhanced the occurrence of eutrophication and harmful algae blooms. Most of these consequences are caused by the new proliferation of toxin-producing non-siliceous algae. In this study, we propose a multi-objective reservoir operation model based on 10-day time scale for estuarine eutrophication control to reduce the potential non-siliceous algae outbreak. This model takes the hydropower generation and social economy water requirement in reservoir into consideration, minimizing the ICEP (indicator of estuarine eutrophication potential) as an ecol. objective. Three modern multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) are applied to solve the proposed reservoir operation model. The Three Gorges Reservoir and its operation effects on the Yangtze Estuary were chosen as a case study. The performances of these three algorithms were evaluated through a diagnostic assessment framework of modern MOEAs' abilities. The results showed that the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decompn. with differential evolution operator (MOEA/D-DE) achieved the best performance for the operation model. It indicates that single implementation of hydrol. management cannot make effective control of potential estuarine eutrophication, while combined in-estuary TP concn. control and reservoir optimal operation is a more realistic, crucial and effective strategy for controlling eutrophication potential of non-siliceous algae proliferation. Under optimized operation with controlled TP concn. and estuarine water withdrawal of 1470 m3/s, ecol. satiety rate for estuarine drinking water source increased to 77.78%, 88.89% and 83.33% for wet, normal and dry years, the corresponding values in practical operation were only 72.22%, 58.33% and 55.56%, resp. The results suggest that these operations will not neg. affect the economic and social interests. Therefore, the proposed integrated management approaches can provide guidance for water managers to reach a stable trophic control of estuarine waters.

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42. 42

    Ilie, M.; Marinescu, F.; Ghita, G.; Anghel, A.-M.; Deák, G.; Raischi, M. Assessment of nutrients-chlorophyll-a relationship in the lower Danube river. Int. J. Adv. Chem. Eng. Biol. Sci. 2017, 4, 1– 6,  DOI: 10.15242/IJACEBS.C0117029

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43. 43

    Pan, S.; Liu, D.; Wang, Z.; Zhao, Q.; Zou, H.; Hou, Y.; Liu, P.; Xiong, L. Runoff responses to climate and land use/cover changes under future scenarios. Water 2017, 9, 475,  DOI: 10.3390/w9070475

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44. 44

    Orlińska-Woźniak, P.; Szalińska, E.; Wilk, P. Do land use changes balance out sediment yields under climate change predictions on the Sub-Basin scale? The Carpathian Basin as an example. Water 2020, 12, 1499,  DOI: 10.3390/w12051499

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45. 45

    Wagena, M. B.; Easton, Z. M. Agricultural conservation practices can help mitigate the impact of climate change. Sci. Total Environ. 2018, 635, 132– 143,  DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.110

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    45

    Agricultural conservation practices can help mitigate the impact of climate change

    Wagena, Moges B.; Easton, Zachary M.

    Science of the Total Environment (2018), 635 (), 132-143CODEN: STENDL; ISSN:0048-9697. (Elsevier B.V.)

    Agricultural conservation practices (CPs) are commonly implemented to reduce diffuse nutrient pollution. Climate change can complicate the development, implementation, and efficiency of agricultural CPs by altering hydrol., nutrient cycling, and erosion. This research quantifies the impact of climate change on hydrol., nutrient cycling, erosion, and the effectiveness of agricultural CP in the Susquehanna River Basin in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, USA. We develop, calibrate, and test the Soil and Water Assessment Tool-Variable Source Area (SWAT-VSA) model and select four CPs; buffer strips, strip-cropping, no-till, and tile drainage, to test their effectiveness in reducing climate change impacts on water quality. We force the model with six downscaled global climate models (GCMs) for a historic period (1990-2014) and two future scenario periods (2041-2065 and 2075-2099) and quantify the impact of climate change on hydrol., nitrate-N (NO3-N), total N (TN), dissolved phosphorus (DP), total phosphorus (TP), and sediment export with and without CPs. We also test prioritizing CP installation on the 30% of agricultural lands that generate the most runoff (e.g., crit. source areas-CSAs). Compared against the historical baseline and with no CPs, the ensemble model predictions indicate that climate change results in annual increases in flow (4.5 ± 7.3%), surface runoff (3.5 ± 6.1%), sediment export (28.5 ± 18.2%) and TN export (9.5 ± 5.1%), but decreases in NO3-N (12 ± 12.8%), DP (14 ± 11.5), and TP (2.5 ± 7.4%) export. When agricultural CPs are simulated most do not appreciably change the water balance, however, tile drainage and strip-cropping decrease surface runoff, sediment export, and DP/TP, while buffer strips reduce N export. Installing CPs on CSAs results in nearly the same level of performance for most practices and most pollutants. These results suggest that climate change will influence the performance of agricultural CPs and that targeting agricultural CPs to CSAs can provide nearly the same level of water quality effects as more widespread adoption.

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46. 46

    Nouwakpo, S. K.; Weltz, M. A.; Green, C. H. M.; Arslan, A. Combining 3D data and traditional soil erosion assessment techniques to study the effect of a vegetation cover gradient on hillslope runoff and soil erosion in a semi-arid catchment. Catena 2018, 170, 129– 140,  DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2018.06.009

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47. 47

    Nazari-Sharabian, M.; Ahmad, S.; Karakouzian, M. Climate change and eutrophication: a short review. Eng., Technol. Appl. Sci. Res. 2018, 8, 3668,  DOI: 10.48084/etasr.2392

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    https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/fac_articles/562 (accessed 14.01.2021).

48. 48

    Charlton, M. B.; Bowes, M. J.; Hutchins, M. G.; Orr, H. G.; Soley, R.; Davison, P. Mapping eutrophication risk from climate change: Future phosphorus concentrations in English rivers. Sci. Total Environ. 2018, 613-614, 1510– 1526,  DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.218

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    48

    Mapping eutrophication risk from climate change: Future phosphorus concentrations in English rivers

    Charlton, Matthew B.; Bowes, Michael J.; Hutchins, Michael G.; Orr, Harriet G.; Soley, Rob; Davison, Paul

    Science of the Total Environment (2018), 613-614 (), 1510-1526CODEN: STENDL; ISSN:0048-9697. (Elsevier B.V.)

    Climate change is expected to increase eutrophication risk in rivers yet few studies identify the timescale or spatial extent of such impacts. P concn., considered the primary driver of eutrophication risk in English rivers, may increase through reduced diln. particularly if river flows are lower in summer. Detailed models can indicate change in catchment phosphorus concns. but targeted support for mitigation measures requires a national scale evaluation of risk. Here, a load apportionment model is used to describe the current relation between flow and total reactive P (TRP) at 115 river sites across England. These relations are used to est. TRP concns. for the 2050s under 11 climate change driven scenarios of future river flows and under scenarios of both current and higher levels of sewage treatment. National maps of change indicate a small but inconsistent increase in annual av. TRP concns. with a greater change in summer. Reducing the TRP concn. of final sewage effluent to 0.5 mg P/L for all upstream sewage treatment works was inadequate to meet existing P stds. required through the EU Water Framework Directive, indicating that more needs to be done, including efforts to reduce diffuse pollution.

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49. 49

    Sojka, M.; Siepak, M.; Zioła, A.; Frankowski, M.; Murat-Błażejewska, S.; Siepak, J. Application of multivariate statistical techniques to evaluation of water quality in the Mała Wełna River (Western Poland). Environ. Monit. Assess. 2008, 147, 159– 170,  DOI: 10.1007/s10661-007-0107-3

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    49

    Application of multivariate statistical techniques to evaluation of water quality in the Mala Welna River (Western Poland)

    Sojka, M.; Siepak, M.; Ziola, A.; Frankowski, M.; Murat-Blazejewska, S.; Siepak, J.

    Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (2008), 147 (1-3), 159-170CODEN: EMASDH; ISSN:0167-6369. (Springer)

    The paper presents the results of detns. of physico-chem. parameters of the Mala Welna waters, a river situated in Wielkopolska voivodeship (Western Poland). Samples for the physico-chem. anal. were taken in eight gauging cross-sections once a month between May and Nov. 2006. To assess the physico-chem. compn. of surface water, use was made of multivariate statistical methods of data anal., viz. cluster anal. (CA), factor anal. (FA), principal components anal. (PCA), and discriminant anal. (DA). They made it possible to observe similarities and differences in the physico-chem. compn. of water in the gauging cross-sections, to identify water quality indicators suitable for characterizing its temporal and spatial variability, to uncover hidden factors accounting for the structure of the data, and to assess the impact of man-made sources of water pollution.

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50. 50

    Kałuża, T.; Radecki-Pawlik, A.; Szoszkiewicz, K.; Plesiński, K.; Radecki-Pawlik, B.; Laks, I. Plant basket hydraulic structures (PBHS) as a new river restoration measure. Sci. Total Environ. 2018, 627, 245– 255,  DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.029

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    50

    Plant basket hydraulic structures (PBHS) as a new river restoration measure

    Kaluza, Tomasz; Radecki-Pawlik, Artur; Szoszkiewicz, Krzysztof; Plesinski, Karol; Radecki-Pawlik, Bartosz; Laks, Ireneusz

    Science of the Total Environment (2018), 627 (), 245-255CODEN: STENDL; ISSN:0048-9697. (Elsevier B.V.)

    River restoration has become increasingly attractive worldwide as it provides considerable benefits to the environment as well as to the economy. This study focuses on changes of hydromorphol. conditions in a small lowland river recorded during an expt. carried out in the Flinta River, central Poland. The proposed soln. was a pilot project of the construction of vegetative sediment traps (plant basket hydraulic structures - PBHS). A set of three PBSH was installed in the riverbed in one row and a range of hydraulic parameters were recorded over a period of three years (six measurement sessions). Changes of sediment grain size were analyzed, and the amt. and size of plant debris in the plant barriers were recorded. Plant debris accumulation influencing flow hydrodynamics was detected as a result of the installation of vegetative sediment traps. Moreover, various hydromorphol. processes in the river were initiated. Addnl. simulations based on the detected processes showed that the proposed plant basket hydraulic structures can improve the hydromorphol. status of the river.

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51. 51

    Dondajewska, R.; Gołdyn, R.; Kowalczewska-Madura, K.; Kozak, A.; Romanowicz-Brzozowska, W.; Rosińska, J.; Budzyńska, A.; Podsiadłowski, S. Hypertrophic lakes and the results of their Restoration in Western Poland. In Polish River Basins and Lakes–Part II; Springer, (2020) (pp. 373– 399),  DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12139-6_17 .

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52. 52

    Dondajewska, R.; Gołdyn, R.; Messyasz, B.; Kowalczewska-Madura, K.; Cerbin, S. A shallow lake in an agricultural landscape – water quality, nutrient loads, future management. Limnol. Rev. 2019, 19, 25– 35,  DOI: 10.2478/limre-2019-0003

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    52

    A shallow lake in an agricultural landscape - water quality, nutrient loads, future management

    Dondajewska, Renata; Goldyn, Ryszard; Messyasz, Beata; Kowalczewska-Madura, Katarzyna; Cerbin, Slawek

    Limnological Review (2019), 19 (1), 25-35CODEN: LRIEBN; ISSN:2300-7575. (Sciendo)

    Qual. analyses of nitrogen and phosphorus loads reaching the lake ecosystem provide a basis for pollution control, which is of paramount importance in shallow lakes due to the rapid turn-over of matter and energy. The studies of both external and internal loading were conducted in Lake Leknenskie, a very shallow, through-flow lake situated in Western Poland. Strong eutrophication is manifested in rich rush vegetation and a lack of submerged macrophytes as well as nitrogen and phosphorus concns. (max 13.04 mg N dm-3 and 0.32 mg P dm-3, resp.). Const. domination of cyanobacteria in the phytoplankton community was noted in almost all seasons with a 98% share in summer, resulting in 20 cm water transparency and 223μg dm-3 of chlorophyll-a. The zooplankton community was dominated by rotifers. The main source of nutrients was the River Nielba. Spatial external nutrient loading was 1.93 g P m-2 yr-1 and 77.55 g N m-2 yr-1. An even higher load of phosphorus was released from the bottom sediments, 2.18 g P m-2 yr-1. A comprehensive action plan is required, aiming at the redn. of both external and internal nutrient loading. A series of solns. regarding local environmental conditions should be applied in the lake catchment, including biogeochem. barriers, denitrification walls, artificial retention basins or wetlands, but most of all - improvement in the functioning of the wastewater treatment plant. Restoration is possible, however, protection measures reducing external loading should be undertaken prior to phosphorus inactivation in the water column and in the bottom sediments, supported by biol. methods e.g. biomanipulation.

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    Neitsch, S. L.; Arnold, J. G.; Kiniry, J. R.; Williams, J. R. Soil and water assessment tool theoretical documentation version 2009; Texas Water Resources Institute, (2011).

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    Choi, J.-W.; Han, J.-H.; Park, C.-S.; Ko, D.-G.; Kang, H.-I.; Kim, J. Y.; Yun, Y.-J.; Kwon, H.-H.; An, K.-G. Nutrients and sestonic chlorophyll dynamics in Asian lotic ecosystems and ecological stream health in relation to land-use patterns and water chemistry. Ecol. Eng. 2015, 79, 15– 31,  DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.03.006

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    HaRa, J.; Atique, U.; An, K.-G. Multiyear links between water chemistry, algal chlorophyll, drought-flood regime, and nutrient enrichment in a morphologically complex reservoir. Int. J. Environ. res. public health 2020, 17, 3139,  DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093139

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    Multiyear links between water chemistry, algal chlorophyll, drought-flood regime, and nutrient enrichment in a morphologically complex reservoir

    Hara, Jang; Atique, Usman; An, Kwang-Guk

    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (2020), 17 (9), 3139CODEN: IJERGQ; ISSN:1660-4601. (MDPI AG)

    This investigation targeted the largest morphol. complex reservoir (Soyang) in South Korea during 1992-2013. It is a prominent source of domestic water supply, irrigation, flood control, and hydroelec. power generation. Therefore, this investigation focused on regional- to global-scale applications. We revealed the empirical links between chlorophyll (Chl-a) and total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), the impact of the monsoon regime on nutrients, and flood and drought regime. Further, we investigated the trophic status dynamics, tendencies of water chem. factors, and valuation of zonal water chem. by the application of a modified multimetric water pollution index (WPI). The physicochem. indicators illustrated significant disparities among the Lacustrine (Lz), Transition (Tz), and Riverine (Rz) zones. The solid contents (TSS) displayed a significant increase in the lake zones in the order of Lz (4.58 ± 13.7 mg/L), Tz (6.16 ± 16.2 mg/L), and Rz (7.38 ±18.9 mg/L). However, TP and allied chem. species revealed an inverse relationship with the TN:TP ambient ratios. Nevertheless, Chl-a displayed sharp interzonal fluctuations from the Lz (2.90 ± 3.29μg/L) to Tz (4.61 ± 4.98μg/L). The seasonal deviations, however, exposed divergent heterogeneities among the TSS, TN, TP, and Chl-a. The regression plot between the obsd. and predicted Chl-a in the Soyang reservoir displayed a very strong relationship (R2 = 0.997). The seasonal and interannual variations of trophic status displayed a higher impact of pptn., particularly in the case of TP and Chl-a. The flood years indicated phosphorus limitations, while drought years alluded to the non-algal light limitations (biogenic turbidity). Water temp. (WT), dissolved oxygen (DO), biol. oxygen demand (BOD), TSS, TP, and Chl-a displayed decreasing trends in the ambient water. In contrast, pH, COD (COD), elec. cond. (EC), and TN displayed increasing tendencies by the application Mann-Kendall trend anal. The WPI outcomes designated Lz with excellent water quality while Tz an Rz indicated good water quality. It also indicated impending sedimentation tendencies in the Rz. In conclusion, our findings indicated fluctuating rainfall patterns (drought and flood conditions) that significantly impacted the Soyang reservoir water quality, flood and drought severity, and trophic status of the reservoir. This study highlights the requirements of further studies to substantiate the drought and flood dynamics and their impacts on nutrients and overall water quality status.

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    Dubey, D.; Dutta, V. Nutrient enrichment in lake ecosystem and its effects on algae and macrophytes. In Environmental concerns and sustainable development; Springer, (2020), 81– 126,  DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6358-0_5

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    MPA, 2020a. Development of urban adaptation plans for cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants in Poland.http://44mpa.pl/project-background/?lang=en (accessed 14.01.2021).

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    MPA, 2020b. MPA project – urban adaptation plans. http://klimada.mos.gov.pl/en/mpaproject-urban-adaptation-plans/ (accessed 14.01.2021).

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    Dosio, A. Projections of climate change indices of temperature and precipitation from an ensemble of bias-adjusted high-resolution EURO-CORDEX regional climate models. J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos. 2016, 121, 5488– 5511,  DOI: 10.1002/2015JD024411

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    Yang, Y.; Bai, L.; Wang, B.; Wu, J.; Fu, S. Reliability of the global climate models during 1961–1999 in arid and semiarid regions of China. Sci. Total Environ. 2019, 667, 271– 286,  DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.188

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    Reliability of the global climate models during 1961-1999 in arid and semiarid regions of China

    Yang, Yanfen; Bai, Lei; Wang, Bing; Wu, Jing; Fu, Suhua

    Science of the Total Environment (2019), 667 (), 271-286CODEN: STENDL; ISSN:0048-9697. (Elsevier B.V.)

    General circulation models (GCMs) are useful tools for investigating mechanisms of climate change and projecting future climate change scenarios, but have large uncertainties and biases. Accurate models are of significant importance for agriculture, water resources management, hydrol. simulation, and species distribution. In this study, we examd. the pptn. and temp. reproducibility of 34 GCMs during the period from 1961 to 1999 over arid and semiarid regions of China. The study area was divided into eight sub-regions; each represented a specific topog. The evaluation was conducted for the whole study area and the sub-regions. Spatial and temporal indexes and weighting methodol. were used to comprehensively illustrate the models' reproducibility. The results showed that the simulation ability during winter outperformed than that during summer (the wt. was 0.192 higher for pptn. and 0.044 higher for temp. during winter than that during summer over the whole study area). Pptn. was more accurately simulated during spring than during autumn as opposed to temp. (the wt. was 0.124 higher during spring than during autumn for pptn. and 0.1 higher during autumn than during spring for temp. for the whole region). For pptn., the simulation ability in the basins was the best, followed by plateaus and mountains; the wts. were 0.462, 0.308, and 0.231, resp. For temp., the mountains and plateaus had the best and poorest reproducibility, at wts. of 0.446 and 0.198, resp. The top models for pptn. and temp. at different spatial scales (whole study area, three topog. types, eight sub-regions) were recommended. The results served as a ref. for model selection in future studies regarding impacts of climate change on eco-hydrol.

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61. 61

    Yang, J.; Wang, F.; Lv, J.; Liu, Q.; Nan, F.; Liu, X.; Xu, L.; Xie, S.; Feng, J. Interactive effects of temperature and nutrients on the phytoplankton community in an urban river in China. Environ. Monit. Assess. 2019, 191, 688– 616,  DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7847-8

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    Interactive effects of temperature and nutrients on the phytoplankton community in an urban river in China

    Yang, Jing; Wang, Fei; Lv, Junping; Liu, Qi; Nan, Fangru; Liu, Xudong; Xu, Lan; Xie, Shulian; Feng, Jia

    Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (2019), 191 (11), 688CODEN: EMASDH; ISSN:0167-6369. (Springer)

    In this study, we used phytoplankton dynamic datasets in the eutrophic Fenhe River to show the variations and drivers of phytoplankton abundance under complex, fluctuating environmental conditions during 2012-2017. The temporal and spatial variations of nutrients in the river depicted that the total phosphorus (TP) concn. was higher in the wet season and in downstream. There were increases in total nitrogen (TN) concn. in the normal season and in upstream. The structural equation model (SEM) showed that the phytoplankton abundance increased during the wet season despite the decrease in the TN:TP ratio and was reduced upstream due to the highest TN:TP ratio. Among the environmental variables, water temp. (WT) was an important predictor and pos. correlated temporally and spatially to phytoplankton. The interaction of nutrients with the phytoplankton community at different temp. levels indicated that different phytoplankton groups have different nutrient requirements. We can conclude that enhances in temp. and TP concn. will significantly increase phytoplankton abundance and dominance of cyanobacteria and green algae in the future, whereas there was insignificant effect on diatoms. These data indicated that temp. and TP content were the important abiotic factors influencing the phytoplankton growth of the water body, which could provide a ref. for the evaluation of environmental alterations in the future.

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62. 62

    Iturbide, M.; Bedia, J.; Herrera, S.; Baño-Medina, J.; Fernández, J.; Frías, M. D.; Manzanas, R.; San-Martín, D.; Cimadevilla, E.; Cofiño, A. S.; Gutiérrez, J. M. The R-based climate4R open framework for reproducible climate data access and post-processing. Environ. Model. Software 2019, 111, 42– 54,  DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2018.09.009

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    Hess, R. Statistical postprocessing of ensemble forecasts for severe weather at Deutscher Wetterdienst. Nonlinear Processes Geophys. 2020, 27, 473– 487,  DOI: 10.5194/npg-27-473-2020

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    San José, R.; Pérez, J. L.; González, R. M.; Pecci, J.; Garzón, A.; Palacios, M. Impacts of the 4.5 and 8.5 RCP global climate scenarios on urban meteorology and air quality: Application to Madrid, Antwerp, Milan, Helsinki and London. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 2016, 293, 192– 207,  DOI: 10.1016/j.cam.2015.04.024

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    Hari, V.; Rakovec, O.; Markonis, Y.; Hanel, M.; Kumar, R. Increased future occurrences of the exceptional 2018–2019 Central European drought under global warming. Sci. Rep. 2020, 10, 12207– 12210,  DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68872-9

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    Increased future occurrences of the exceptional 2018-2019 Central European drought under global warming

    Hari, Vittal; Rakovec, Oldrich; Markonis, Yannis; Hanel, Martin; Kumar, Rohini

    Scientific Reports (2020), 10 (1), 12207CODEN: SRCEC3; ISSN:2045-2322. (Nature Research)

    Abstr.: Since the spring 2018, a large part of Europe has been in the midst of a record-setting drought. Using long-term observations, we demonstrate that the occurrence of the 2018-2019 (consecutive) summer drought is unprecedented in the last 250 years, and its combined impact on the growing season vegetation activities is stronger compared to the 2003 European drought. Using a suite of climate model simulation outputs, we underpin the role of anthropogenic warming on exacerbating the future risk of such a consecutive drought event. Under the highest Representative Concn. Pathway, (RCP 8.5), we notice a seven-fold increase in the occurrence of the consecutive droughts, with addnl. 40 (±5) million ha of cultivated areas being affected by such droughts, during the second half of the twenty-first century. The occurrence is significantly reduced under low and medium scenarios (RCP 2.6 and RCP 4.5), suggesting that an effective mitigation strategy could aid in reducing the risk of future consecutive droughts.

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67. 67

    Hari, V.; Rakovec, O.; Markonis, Y.; Hanel, M.; Kumar, R. Increased future occurrences of the exceptional 2018–2019 Central European drought under global warming. Sci. Rep. 2020, 10, 12207,  DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68872-9

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    Increased future occurrences of the exceptional 2018-2019 Central European drought under global warming

    Hari, Vittal; Rakovec, Oldrich; Markonis, Yannis; Hanel, Martin; Kumar, Rohini

    Scientific Reports (2020), 10 (1), 12207CODEN: SRCEC3; ISSN:2045-2322. (Nature Research)

    Abstr.: Since the spring 2018, a large part of Europe has been in the midst of a record-setting drought. Using long-term observations, we demonstrate that the occurrence of the 2018-2019 (consecutive) summer drought is unprecedented in the last 250 years, and its combined impact on the growing season vegetation activities is stronger compared to the 2003 European drought. Using a suite of climate model simulation outputs, we underpin the role of anthropogenic warming on exacerbating the future risk of such a consecutive drought event. Under the highest Representative Concn. Pathway, (RCP 8.5), we notice a seven-fold increase in the occurrence of the consecutive droughts, with addnl. 40 (±5) million ha of cultivated areas being affected by such droughts, during the second half of the twenty-first century. The occurrence is significantly reduced under low and medium scenarios (RCP 2.6 and RCP 4.5), suggesting that an effective mitigation strategy could aid in reducing the risk of future consecutive droughts.

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68. 68

    Orlińska-Woźniak, P.; Szalińska van Overdijk, E.; Wilk, P. (2021), “ A database for nutrients and chlorophyll ‘a’ in the Nielba River (Poland), Mendeley Data. DOI: 10.17632/mpfyk7jcz9.1 https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/mpfyk7jcz9/1 .

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    Shin, Y.; Kim, T.; Hong, S.; Lee, S.; Lee, E.; Hong, S.; Lee, C.; Kim, T.; Park, M. S.; Park, J.; Heo, T.-Y. Prediction of chlorophyll-a concentrations in the Nakdong River using machine learning methods. Water 2020, 12, 1822,  DOI: 10.3390/w12061822

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    Prediction of chlorophyll-a concentrations in the nakdong river using machine learning methods

    Shin, Yuna; Kim, Taekgeun; Hong, Seoksu; Lee, Seulbi; Lee, Eunji; Hong, Seungwoo; Lee, Changsik; Kim, Taeyeon; Park, Man Sik; Park, Jungsu; Heo, Tae-Young

    Water (Basel, Switzerland) (2020), 12 (6), 1822CODEN: WATEGH; ISSN:2073-4441. (MDPI AG)

    Many studies have attempted to predict chlorophyll-a concns. using multiple regression models and validating them with a hold-out technique. In this study commonly used machine learning models, such as Support Vector Regression, Bagging, Random Forest, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), and Long-Short-Term Memory (LSTM), are used to build a new model to predict chlorophyll-a concns. in the Nakdong River, Korea. We employed 1-step ahead recursive prediction to reflect the characteristics of the time series data. In order to increase the prediction accuracy, the model construction was based on forward variable selection. The fitted models were validated by means of cumulative learning and rolling window learning, as opposed to the hold-out technique. The best results were obtained when the chlorophyll-a concn. was predicted by combining the RNN model with the rolling window learning method. The results suggest that the selection of explanatory variables and 1-step ahead recursive prediction in the machine learning model are important processes for improving its prediction performance.

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    Reynolds, C. S. Eutrophication and the management of planktonic algae: what Vollenweider couldn’t tell us. Freshwater Biol. Assoc. 1992, 4– 29

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    Dodds, W. K.; Smith, V. H. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and eutrophication in streams. Inland Waters 2016, 6, 155– 164,  DOI: 10.5268/IW-6.2.909

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    Nitrogen, phosphorus, and eutrophication in streams

    Dodds, Walter K.; Smith, Val H.

    Inland Waters (2016), 6 (2), 155-164CODEN: IWNAB4; ISSN:2044-2041. (Freshwater Biological Association)

    Flowing waters receive substantial nutrient inputs, including both nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), in many parts of the world. Eutrophication science for rivers and streams has unfortunately lagged behind that for lakes, and results from lakes might inform those interested in stream eutrophication. A key controversy in lake eutrophication science is the relative importance of controlling P and N in water quality management, and we are interested how the science of this controversy transfers to flowing waters. A literature review indicates (1) stream benthic chlorophyll is significantly correlated to both total N and total P in the water column, with both nutrients explaining more variance than either considered alone; (2) nutrients have increased substantially in many rivers and streams of the United States over ref. conditions, and strong shifts in N and P stoichiometry have occurred as well; (3) bioassays often indicate N responses alone or in concert with P responses for autotrophic (primary prodn. and chlorophyll) and heterotrophic (respiration) responses; (4) both heterotrophic and autotrophic processes are influenced by the availability of N and P; and (5) N-fixing cyanobacteria usually do not seem to be able to fully satisfy N limitations in rivers and streams when P is present in excess of N. These data suggest both N and P control should be considered in the eutrophication management of streams.

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72. 72

    Chorus, I.; Spijkerman, E. What Colin Reynolds could tell us about nutrient limitation, N:P ratios and eutrophication control. Hydrobiologia 2021, 848, 95– 111,  DOI: 10.1007/s10750-020-04377-w

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    What Colin Reynolds could tell us about nutrient limitation, N:P ratios and eutrophication control

    Chorus, Ingrid; Spijkerman, Elly

    Hydrobiologia (2021), 848 (1), 95-111CODEN: HYDRB8; ISSN:0018-8158. (Springer)

    Abstr.: Colin Reynolds exquisitely consolidated our understanding of driving forces shaping phytoplankton communities and those setting the upper limit to biomass yield, with limitation typically shifting from light in winter to phosphorus in spring. Nonetheless, co-limitation is frequently postulated from enhanced growth responses to enrichments with both N and P or from N:P ranging around the Redfield ratio, concluding a need to reduce both N and P in order to mitigate eutrophication. Here, we review the current understanding of limitation through N and P and of co-limitation. We conclude that Reynolds is still correct: (i) Liebig's law of the min. holds and reducing P is sufficient, provided concns. achieved are low enough; (ii) analyses of nutrient limitation need to exclude evidently non-limiting situations, i.e. where sol. P exceeds 3-10 μg/l, dissolved N exceeds 100-130 μg/l and total P and N support high biomass levels with self-shading causing light limitation; (iii) addnl. decreasing N to limiting concns. may be useful in specific situations (e.g. shallow waterbodies with high internal P and pronounced denitrification); (iv) management decisions require local, situation-specific assessments. The value of research on stoichiometry and co-limitation lies in promoting our understanding of phytoplankton ecophysiol. and community ecol.

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73. 73

    Mamun, M.; Kwon, S.; Kim, J.-E.; An, K.-G. Evaluation of algal chlorophyll and nutrient relations and the N:P ratios along with trophic status and light regime in 60 Korea reservoirs. Sci. Total Environ. 2020, 741, 140451,  DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140451

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    Evaluation of algal chlorophyll and nutrient relations and the N:P ratios along with trophic status and light regime in 60 Korea reservoirs

    Mamun, Md; Kwon, Seokcheol; Kim, Jeong-Eun; An, Kwang-Guk

    Science of the Total Environment (2020), 741 (), 140451CODEN: STENDL; ISSN:0048-9697. (Elsevier B.V.)

    The present study aimed to det. the spatial and temporal variations in trophic state and identify potential causes for these variations in 60 Korean reservoirs. Empirical models were developed using the relations of nutrients (total phosphorus, TP, and total nitrogen, TN) with chlorophyll-a (CHL-a) for efficient lake managements. The empirical models indicated that TP was the key regulating factor for algal growth in agricultural (R2 = 0.69) and power generation (R2 = 0.50) reservoirs. The CHL-a:TP and TN:TP ratios, indicators of phosphorus limitation, were used to validate the phosphorus redn. approach. The mean CHL-a:TP ratio of agricultural reservoirs was 0.60, indicating that algal chlorophyll is potentially limited by TP than any other factors. Agricultural, multipurpose, and power generation reservoirs, based on the N:P ratios, were more P- limited systems than natural lakes and estuarine reservoirs. The trophic state index (TSI) of Korean reservoirs varied between mesotrophy to hypereutrophy based on values of TSI (TP), TSI (CHL-a), and TSI (SD). Agricultural reservoirs were hypereutrophic using the criteria of TSI (CHL-a) and blue-green algae dominated the algal community. Anal. of trophic state index deviation (TSID) indicated that agricultural reservoirs were primarily P limited and other factors had minor effect. In contrast, the trophic status of estuarine and power generation reservoirs and natural lakes was largely modified by non-algal turbidity. Our outcomes may be effectively used for Korean lakes and reservoirs management.

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    Choiński, A.; Ptak, M. Occurrence, genetic types, and evolution of lake basins in Poland. In Polish River Basins and Lakes–Part I; Springer, (2020), 86, 69– 87.

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    Górski, J.; Dragon, K.; Kaczmarek, P. M. J. Nitrate pollution in the Warta River (Poland) between 1958 and 2016: trends and causes. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2019, 26, 2038– 2046,  DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9798-3

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    Nitrate pollution in the Warta River (Poland) between 1958 and 2016: trends and causes

    Gorski, Jozef; Dragon, Krzysztof; Kaczmarek, Piotr Michal Jan

    Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2019), 26 (3), 2038-2046CODEN: ESPLEC; ISSN:0944-1344. (Springer)

    The article presents analyses of long-term water quality data from the Warta River between 1958 and 2016. A clear increasing trend in nitrate concns. was obsd. from 1958 to the early 1990s. This trend was mainly related to the increasing use of fertilizers in Poland in this period. Then, after the early 1990s, a slow decreasing trend related to improvements in water and sewage management and more rational fertilizer use was obsd. after political and economic changes in Poland. The influence of long-term hydrol. droughts on nitrate concns. was also investigated. The presented results highlight the importance of surface water-groundwater interactions and suggest that groundwater protection in an entire catchment area is essential for surface water quality protection. Sharp increases in the nitrate concn. in surface water were related to the accumulation of contaminants in the soil and aeration zone during drought periods and the subsequent transport of these contaminants to groundwater and surface water via recharge infiltration after each drought period.

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    Messyasz, B.; Szczuka, E.; Kaznowski, A.; Burchardt, L. The spatial changes of phytoseston and microbiological parameters in lowland rivers during the summer period. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2010, 19, 1269– 1277

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    Kałuża, T.; Sojka, M.; Wróżyński, R.; Jaskuła, J.; Zaborowski, S.; Hämmerling, M. Modeling of River Channel Shading as a Factor for Changes in Hydromorphological Conditions of Small Lowland Rivers. Water 2020, 12, 527,  DOI: 10.3390/w12020527

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    Bachiller-Jareno, N.; Hutchins, M. G.; Bowes, M. J.; Charlton, M. B.; Orr, H. G. A novel application of remote sensing for modelling impacts of tree shading on water quality. J. environ. manage. 2019, 230, 33– 42,  DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.037

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    A novel application of remote sensing for modelling impacts of tree shading on water quality

    Bachiller-Jareno, N.; Hutchins, M. G.; Bowes, M. J.; Charlton, M. B.; Orr, H. G.

    Journal of Environmental Management (2019), 230 (), 33-42CODEN: JEVMAW; ISSN:0301-4797. (Elsevier Ltd.)

    Uncertainty in capturing the effects of riparian tree shade for assessment of algal growth rates and water temp. hinders the predictive capability of models applied for river basin management. Using photogrammetry-derived tree canopy data, we quantified hourly shade along the River Thames (UK) and used it to est. the redn. in the amt. of direct radiation reaching the water surface. In addn. we tested the suitability of freely-available LIDAR data to map ground elevation. Following removal of buildings and objects other than trees from the LIDAR dataset, results revealed considerable differences between photogrammetry- and LIDAR-derived methods in variables including mean canopy height (10.5 m and 4.0 m resp.), percentage occupancy of riparian zones by trees (45% and 16% resp.) and mid-summer fractional penetration of direct radiation (65% and 76% resp.). The generated data on daily direct radiation for 2010 were used as input to a river network water quality model (QUESTOR). Impacts of tree shading were assessed in terms of upper quartile levels, revealing substantial differences in indicators such as BOD(BOD) (1.58-2.19 mg L-1 resp.) and water temp. (20.1 and 21.2 °C resp.) between 'shaded' and 'non-shaded' radiation inputs. While the differences in canopy height and extent derived by the two methods are appreciable they only make small differences to water quality in the Thames. However such differences may prove more crit. in smaller rivers. We highlight the importance of accurate estn. of shading in water quality modeling and recommend use of high resoln. remotely sensed spatial data to characterize riparian canopies. Our paper illustrates how it is now possible to make better reach scale ests. of shade and make aggregations of these for use at river basin scale. This will allow provision of more effective guidance for riparian management programs than currently possible. This is important to support adaptation to future warming and maintenance of water quality stds.

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79. 79

    Dunalska, J. A.; Grochowska, J.; Wiśniewski, G.; Napiórkowska-Krzebietke, A. Can we restore badly degraded urban lakes?. Ecol. Eng. 2015, 82, 432– 441,  DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.05.037

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80. 80

    Bonisławska, M.; Nedzarek, A.; Rybczyk, A.; Zuk, B.; Socha, M.; Tański, A. Impact assessment of effluents from fish ponds on water quality of the discharge site in the stream Strumyk Goleniowski in Zachodniopomorskie Province, north-western Poland. Indian J. Fish. 2018, 65, 33– 41,  DOI: 10.21077/ijf.2018.65.3.75669-04

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81. 81

    Rzetała, M. Anthropogenic Water Reservoirs in Poland. Quality of Water Resources in Poland; Springer, (2021), 59. In. Zeleňáková, M.; Kubiak-Wójcicka, K.; Negm, A. M. (2021). Management of water resources in Poland,  DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-61965-7 .

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82. 82

    Marszelewski, W.; Ptak, M.; Skowron, R. Anthropogenic and natural conditionings of disappearing lakes in the Wielkopolska-Kujawy lake district. Soil Sci. Annu. 2011, 2, 283– 294

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83. 83

    GIOŚ, (2020), Chief Inspectorate for Environmental Protection. Synthetic report on the classification andassessment of the state of surface water bodies for 2019, based on data from 2014–2019. https://www.gios.gov.pl/pl/stan-srodowiska/monitoring-wod (in Polish) (accessed 14.04.2021) .

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84. 84

    Seo, D.-I.; Kim, M.-A.; Ahn, J.-H. Prediction of chlorophyll-a changes due to weir constructions in the Nakdong River using EFDC-WASP modelling. Environ. Eng. Res. 2012, 17, 95– 102,  DOI: 10.4491/eer.2012.17.2.095

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85. 85

    Zhou, L.; Zeng, L.; Fu, D.; Xu, P.; Zeng, S.; Tang, Q.; Chen, Q.; Chen, L.; Li, G. Fish density increases from the upper to lower parts of the Pearl River Delta, China, and is influenced by tide, chlorophyll-a, water transparency, and water depth. Aquat. ecol. 2016, 50, 59– 74,  DOI: 10.1007/s10452-015-9549-9

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    85

    Fish density increases from the upper to lower parts of the Pearl River Delta, China, and is influenced by tide, chlorophyll-a, water transparency, and water depth

    Zhou, Lei; Zeng, Lei; Fu, Donghua; Xu, Peng; Zeng, Shuang; Tang, Qindong; Chen, Qiaofei; Chen, Luoan; Li, Guifeng

    Aquatic Ecology (2016), 50 (1), 59-74CODEN: AQECF9; ISSN:1386-2588. (Springer)

    In order to assess the spatial distribution pattern and tidal difference of fish d. estd. acoustically as well as identify influences of physiochem. variables on fish d., 12 acoustic surveys were carried out in the Pearl River Delta during Nov. 2014 using the Simrad EY60 split-beam echo sounder. Results of these surveys did not reveal a consistent tidal pattern over the longitudinal extent of the Pearl River Delta. The sites near river mouth, Shenwan (28.6 km), Nansha (19.9 km), Yamen (9.7 km), and Nanshui (0 km), provided strong evidence for tidal differences in densities and acoustic size distributions with higher d. and smaller fish being acoustically detected at flood tide. However, the flood tide and the ebb tide samplings gave a similar result in terms of mean d. and size distributions in upstream sites Sanshui (139.0 km) and Jiujiang (93.1 km). Fishes were unevenly distributed in the Pearl River Delta. Av. fish d. in the investigated areas during Nov. 2014 was 136.15 fish/1000 m3, with a min. d. of 5.89 fish/1000 m3 in Jiujiang at ebb tide and with a max. d. of 344.08 fish/1000 m3 in Yamen at flood tide. Overall fish d. tended to increase from upstream to river mouth. Spatial distribution of fish was pos. assocd. with chlorophyll-a and neg. assocd. with transparency, water depth, and distance to river mouth. This study contributes to the knowledge of the current state of fish resources and can be useful for proper resources conservation and effective ecosystem management in the Pearl River Delta.

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86. 86

    Kim, B.-H.; Choi, J.-E.; Cho, K.; Kang, Z.; Ramanan, R.; Moon, D.-G.; Kim, H.-S. Influence of water depth on microalgal production, biomass harvest, and energy consumption in high rate algal pond using municipal wastewater. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2018, 28, 630– 637,  DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1801.01014

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    86

    Influence of water depth on microalgal production, biomass harvest, and energy consumption in high rate algal pond using municipal wastewater

    Kim, Byung-Hyuk; Choi, Jong-Eun; Cho, Kichul; Kang, Zion; Ramanan, Rishiram; Moon, Doo-Gyung; Kim, Hee-Sik

    Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology (2018), 28 (4), 630-637CODEN: JOMBES; ISSN:1017-7825. (Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology)

    The high rate algal ponds (HRAP) powered and mixed by a paddlewheel have been widely used for over 50 years to culture microalgae for the prodn. of various products. Since light incidence is limited to the surface, water depth can affect microalgal growth in HRAP. To investigate the effect of water depth on microalgal growth, a mixed microalgal culture constituting three major strains of microalgae including Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp., and Stigeoclonium sp. (CSS), was grown at different water depths (20, 30, and 40 cm) in the HRAP, resp. The HRAP with 20cm of water depth had about 38% higher biomass productivity per unit area (6.16 ± 0.33 g·m-2·d-1) and required lower nutrients and energy consumption than the other water depths. Specifically, the algal biomass of HRAP under 20c m of water depth had higher settleability through larger floc size (83.6% settleability within 5 min). These results indicate that water depth can affect the harvesting process as well as cultivation of microalgae. Therefore, we conclude that water depth is an important parameter in HRAP design for mass cultivation of microalgae.

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87. 87

    Brezonik, P. L.; Bouchard, R. W., Jr.; Finlay, J. C.; Griffin, C. G.; Olmanson, L. G.; Anderson, J. P.; Arnold, W. A.; Hozalski, R. Color, chlorophyll a, and suspended solids effects on Secchi depth in lakes: implications for trophic state assessment. Ecol. Appl. 2019, 29, e01871  DOI: 10.1002/eap.1871

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88. 88

    Zou, W.; Zhu, G.; Cai, Y.; Vilmi, A.; Xu, H.; Zhu, M.; Gong, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Qin, B. Relationships between nutrient, chlorophyll a and Secchi depth in lakes of the Chinese Eastern Plains ecoregion: Implications for eutrophication management. J. Environ. Manage. 2020, 260, 109923,  DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109923

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    88

    Relationships between nutrient, chlorophyll a and Secchi depth in lakes of the Chinese Eastern Plains ecoregion: Implications for eutrophication management

    Zou, Wei; Zhu, Guangwei; Cai, Yongjiu; Vilmi, Annika; Xu, Hai; Zhu, Mengyuan; Gong, Zhijun; Zhang, Yunlin; Qin, Boqiang

    Journal of Environmental Management (2020), 260 (), 109923CODEN: JEVMAW; ISSN:0301-4797. (Elsevier Ltd.)

    Eutrophication and assocd. algal blooms are principal environmental challenges confronting lakes in China, particularly in the Eastern Plains ecoregion. The empirical relationships between nutrient and chlorophyll a (Chla) level and Secchi depth (SD) are widely used as a theor. basis for lake eutrophication management. However, these relationships are largely influenced by hydromorphol. conditions and biogeochem. processes. Thus, there is a need to establish a type-specific understanding of these interactions. In the current study, lakes in the Chinese Eastern Plains ecoregion were subdivided into four lake types according to water retention time (LRT), water depth, and water area. Regression analyses indicated that the impacts of nutrient (total nitrogen, TN; total phosphorus, TP) concns. on summer Chla were significantly reduced in lakes with high inorg. suspended solids (ISS) (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the decrease in SD in these lakes were found to relate mainly to non-algal turbidity. In lakes characterized by both short LRT and high ISS content, the Chla exhibited limited response to nutrients. In contrast, in lakes with low ISS content and long LRT, the obsd. slopes of both Chla=f(TP) and SD=f(Chla) were significantly steeper (P< 0.05). The factors limiting summer algal growth and the development of type-specific nutrient criteria (TN and TP) of all four investigated lake types in the Eastern Plains ecoregion are discussed in the context of specific nutrients.

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89. 89

    Kalaji, H. M.; Sytar, O.; Brestic, M.; Samborska, I. A.; Cetner, M. D.; Carpentier, C. Risk Assessment of Urban Lake Water Quality Based on in-situ Cyanobacterial and Total Chlorophyll-a Monitoring. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2016, 25, 655,  DOI: 10.15244/pjoes/60895

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    89

    Risk assessment of urban lake water quality based on in-situ cyanobacterial and total chlorophyll-a monitoring

    Kalaji, Hazem Mohamed; Sytar, Oksana; Brestic, Marian; Samborska, Izabela Anna; Cetner, Magdalena Danuta; Carpentier, Corina

    Polish Journal of Environmental Studies (2016), 25 (2), 655-661CODEN: PJESE2; ISSN:1230-1485. (HARD Publishing Co.)

    The aim of this study was to establish a simple and cost-effective method to monitor the effects of harmful algal blooms as exemplified in Lake Powsinkowskie, and to link the monitoring results to potential health risks on the basis of established Alert Level Frameworks. An assessment of the severity of cyanobacterial development in Lake Powsinkowslde (52°9'27''N, 21°5'55''E), located in the Wilanow region, Warsaw, Poland, was performed to illustrate this. An Alert Level Framework based on cyanobacterial chlorophyll-α measurements was applied. Measurements of cyanobacterial chlorophyll-α in Lake Powsinkowskie were performed once per wk at 10 locations on each side of the lake from May to July 2012. The highest algal densities were expected at the eastern side of the lake due to the use of fertilizers on the fields along the eastern shore, however, the opposite was obsd. It seems that the conditions on the west side of the lake were more favorable for cyanobacterial growth. This study shows that an indication of the overall effects of eutrophication on algal growth and the potential risk of the presence of toxic cyanobacteria can easily he obtained using relatively simple, simultaneous measurements of total and cyanobacterial chlorophyll-α. The Alert Level Framework based on cyanobacterial chlorophyll-α levels is a rapid and easily applicable method for detg. the severity of cyanobacterial developments. The findings of this study indicate that a redn. in nutrient loading to protect Lake Powsinkowskie's unique species richness can be achieved by informing the local residents about the effects of draining cesspools directly into the lake. Studies such as this one can thus help to support awareness-raising among lake-side residents.

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90. 90

    Yang, Y.-Y.; Toor, G. S. Stormwater runoff driven phosphorus transport in an urban residential catchment: Implications for protecting water quality in urban watersheds. Sci. Rep. 2018, 8, 11681– 11610,  DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29857-x

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    90

    Stormwater runoff driven phosphorus transport in an urban residential catchment: Implications for protecting water quality in urban watersheds

    Yang Yun-Ya; Toor Gurpal S

    Scientific reports (2018), 8 (1), 11681 ISSN:.

    Increased stormwater runoff in urban watersheds is a leading cause of nonpoint phosphorus (P) pollution. We investigated the concentrations, forms, and temporal trends of P in stormwater runoff from a residential catchment (31 low-density residential homes; 0.11 km(2) drainage area) in Florida. Unfiltered runoff samples were collected at 5 min intervals over 29 storm events with an autosampler installed at the stormwater outflow pipe. Mean concentrations of orthophosphate (PO4-P) were 0.18 ± 0.065 mg/L and total P (TP) were 0.28 ± 0.062 mg/L in all runoff samples. The PO4-P was the dominant form in >90% of storm events and other-P (combination of organic P and particulate P) was dominant after a longer antecedent dry period. We hypothesize that in the stormwater runoff, PO4-P likely originated from soluble and desorbed pool of eroded soil and other-P likely originated from decomposing plant materials i.e. leaves and grass clippings and eroded soil. We found that the runoff was co-limited with nitrogen (N) and P in 34% of storm events and only N limited in 66% of storm events, implicating that management strategies focusing on curtailing both P and N transport would be more effective than focussing on only N or P in protecting water quality in residential catchments.

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91. 91

    Essington, T. E.; Carpenter, S. R. Mini-Review: Nutrient cycling in lakes and streams: Insights from a comparative analysis. Ecosystems 2000, 3, 131– 143,  DOI: 10.1007/s100210000015

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    91

    Nutrient cycling in lakes and streams: insights from a comparative analysis

    Essington, Timothy E.; Carpenter, Stephen R.

    Ecosystems (2000), 3 (2), 131-143CODEN: ECOSFJ; ISSN:1432-9840. (Springer-Verlag New York Inc.)

    Comparative review of nutrient cycling in lakes and streams to evaluate whether contrasts in hydrol. properties lead to different controls and different rates of internal nutrient cycling, with 96 refs. Our primary focus was nutrient cycling that results in increased productivity, so we quantified nutrient cycling by defining the recycling ratio (ρ) as the no. of times a nutrient mol. is sequestered by producers before export. An analytic model of nutrient cycling predicted that in lakes ρ is governed by the processes that promote the mineralization and retard the sedimentation of particulate-bound nutrients, whereas in streams, ρ is governed by processes that promote the uptake and retard the export of dissolved nutrients. These differences were the consequence of contrast between lakes and streams in the mass-specific export rates (mass exported · standing stock-1 · time-1) of dissolved and particulate nutrients. Although ρ is calcd. from readily measured ecosystem variables, we found very few published data sets that provided the necessary data for a given ecosystem. We calcd. and compared ρ in two well-studied P-limited ecosystems, Peter Lake and West Fork Walker Branch (WFWB). When ecosystems were scaled so that water residence time was equal between these two ecosystems, ρ was three orders of magnitude greater in WFWB. However, when we scaled by P residence time, ρ was nearly equal between these two ecosystems. This suggests broad similarities in ρ across ecosystem types when ecosystem boundaries are defined so that turnover times of limiting nutrients are the same.

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92. 92

    Neal, C.; Hilton, J.; Wade, A. J.; Neal, M.; Wickham, H. Chlorophyll-a in the rivers of eastern England. Sci. Total Environ. 2006, 365, 84– 104,  DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.02.039

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    92

    Chlorophyll-a in the rivers of eastern England

    Neal, Colin; Hilton, John; Wade, Andrew J.; Neal, Margaret; Wickham, Heather

    Science of the Total Environment (2006), 365 (1-3), 84-104CODEN: STENDL; ISSN:0048-9697. (Elsevier Ltd.)

    Chlorophyll-a concn. variations are described for two major river basins in England, the Humber and the Thames and related to catchment characteristics and nutrient concns. across a range of rural, agricultural and urban/industrial settings. For all the rivers there are strong seasonal variations, with concns. peaking in the spring and summer time when biol. activity is at its highest. However, there are large variations in the magnitude of the seasonal effects across the rivers. For the spring-summer low-flow periods, av. concns. of chlorophyll-a correlate with sol. reactive phosphorus (SRP). Chlorophyll-a is also correlated with particulate nitrogen (PN), org. carbon (POC) and suspended sediments. However, the strongest relationships are with catchment area and flow, where two straight line relationships are obsd. The results indicate the importance of residence times for detg. planktonic growth within the rivers. This is also indicated by the lack of chlorophyll-a response to lowering of SRP concns. in several of the rivers in the area due to phosphorus stripping of effluents at major sewage treatment works. A key control on chlorophyll-a concn. may be the input of canal and reservoir waters during the growing period: this too relates to issues of residence times. However, there may well be a complex series of factors influencing residence time across the catchments due to features such as inhomogeneous flow within the catchments, a fractal distribution of stream channels that leads to a distribution of residence times and differences in planktonic inoculation sources. Industrial pollution on the Aire and Calder seems to have affected the relationship of chlorophyll-a with PN and POC. The results are discussed in relation to the Water Framework Directive.

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93. 93

    Brito, D.; Neves, R.; Branco, M. A.; Prazeres, Â.; Rodrigues, S.; Gonçalves, M. C.; Ramos, T. B. Assessing water and nutrient long-term dynamics and loads in the Enxoé temporary river basin (Southeast Portugal). Water 2019, 11, 354,  DOI: 10.3390/w11020354

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    93

    Assessing water and nutrient long-term dynamics and loads in the enxo´e temporary river basin (Southeast Portugal)

    Brito, David; Neves, Ramiro; Branco, Maria A.; Prazeres, Angela; Rodrigues, Sara; Goncalves, Maria C.; Ramos, Tiago B.

    Water (Basel, Switzerland) (2019), 11 (2), 354CODEN: WATEGH; ISSN:2073-4441. (MDPI AG)

    The Enxo´e reservoir has been exhibiting frequent high chlorophyll-a concns. (reaching a geometric mean six times the national limit for eutrophication of 10 μg L-1) since 2000, and represents the reservoir with the highest eutrophic state in Portugal. Toxic algal blooms have also been obsd., which pose serious challenges to water managers, as the reservoir is used for potable water prodn. In an effort to contribute to the redn. of the reservoir trophic state, the watershed inputs (monthly flows, sediment, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loads) were characterized with the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Field data were collected in the ungauged watershed during 2010 and 2011. Model results were then used to characterize the long-term watershed dynamics in terms of water and nutrients. SWAT ests. of the simulated flow, and the sediment and nutrient loads were in good agreement with field data (R2 between 0.42-0.78; Nash-Sutcliffe efficiencies between 0.19-0.75). The Enxo´e River was characterized by a temporary flushy regime where high concns. were transported in short time periods. As a result, nutrient loads delivered to the Enxo´e reservoir were estd. to be 18 tonN year-1 and 0.7 tonP year-1 (30 years' simulation), reaching the reservoir mainly by runoff. These results were consistent with the gentle slopes, extensive agricultural activities, and low urban pressure obsd. in Enxo´e. The magnitude of the nutrient exports suggests that the reservoir eutrophication may also be linked to the reservoir geometry (av. depth of 5 m), which provides high light availability to the bottom sediments. Thus, SWAT results were integrated into a reservoir model to depict the origin of the Enxo´e trophic state and test management scenarios that may reduce it.

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94. 94

    Orlińska-Woźniak, P.; Wilk, P.; Szalińska, E. Delimitation of nutrient vulnerable zones - a comprehensive method to manage a persistent problem of agriculture. Agric. Syst. 2020, 183, 102858,  DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102858

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95. 95

    Kanclerz, J.; Murat-Błażejewska, S.; Janicka, E.; Adamska, A. Environmental flows of lowland rivers with disturbed hydrological regime on the example of Mała Wełna River. Annu. Set Environ. Prot. 2018, 20, 873

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96. 96

    Budzyńska, A.; Kozak, A.; Gołdyn, R. Toxic cyanobacterial blooms in lakes and reservoirs in Wielkopolska region (western Poland). Water Ecosystems 2019, 45.

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    (in Polish)

97. 97

    EPP (2016). Environmental protection program for the Wielkopolskie Voivodeship for 2016–2020 https://bip.umww.pl/artykuly/2822130/pliki/20161003123028_programochronyrodowiskadlawojewdztwawielkopolskiegonalata20162020.pdf (accessed 14.04.2021).

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98. 98

    Szyga-Pluta, K. Zmienność czasowa i przestrzenna opadów atmosferycznych w Wielkopolsce w latach 1981–2014= Temporal and spatial variability of atmospheric precipitation in Wielkopolska in the 1981–2014 period. Pol. Geogr. Rev. 2018, 90, 495

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    (in Polish)

99. 99

    Szwed, M. Projections of changes of areal evapotranspiration for different land-use units in the Wielkopolska Region (Poland). Theor. Appl. Climatol. 2017, 130, 291– 304,  DOI: 10.1007/s00704-016-1880-0

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100. 100

     Łabędzki, L.; Bąk, B. Impact of meteorological drought on crop water deficit and crop yield reduction in Polish agriculture. J. Water Land Dev. 2017, 34, 181– 190,  DOI: 10.1515/jwld-2017-0052

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101. 101

     Kubicz, J.; Bąk, B. The Reaction of Groundwater to Several Months’ Meteorological Drought in Poland. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2019, 28, 187,  DOI: 10.15244/pjoes/81691

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102. 102

     Yu, C.; Li, C.; Xin, Q.; Chen, H.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, F.; Li, X.; Clinton, N.; Huang, X.; Yue, Y.; Gong, P. Dynamic assessment of the impact of drought on agricultural yield and scale-dependent return periods over large geographic regions. Environ. Modell. Software 2014, 62, 454– 464,  DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.08.004

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103. 103

     Saravia, D.; Farfán-Vignolo, E. R.; Gutiérrez, R.; De Mendiburu, F.; Schafleitner, R.; Bonierbale, M.; Khan, M. A. Yield and physiological response of potatoes indicate different strategies to cope with drought stress and nitrogen fertilization. Am. J. Potato Res. 2016, 93, 288– 295,  DOI: 10.1007/s12230-016-9505-9

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     103

     Yield and Physiological Response of Potatoes Indicate Different Strategies to Cope with Drought Stress and Nitrogen Fertilization

     Saravia, David; Farfan-Vignolo, Evelyn Roxana; Gutierrez, Raymundo; De Mendiburu, Felipe; Schafleitner, Roland; Bonierbale, Merideth; Khan, M. Awais

     American Journal of Potato Research (2016), 93 (3), 288-295CODEN: AJPRFQ; ISSN:1099-209X. (Springer)

     Access to Water and Nitrogen (N) are key challenges in potato crop management that could be optimized through understanding related agronomic and physiol. traits. The responses to water deficit and two levels of nitrogen (0 and 200 kg N.ha-1) were assessed here for agronomic and physiol. traits for potato genotypes UNICA, Achirana-INTA, and CIP397077.16, chosen for their short vegetative period (90--110 days) and tolerance to water deficit. Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) was greatly reduced in all genotypes under drought, even dropping to nearly zero. Despite this, the tuber yield and total biomass redn. of around 50 % for all genotypes could be alleviated with N application. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), chlorophyll content (SPAD), and Canopy cover (CC) were found to be good indicators for predicting nitrogen deficits and detecting early stress by drought. Overall, each genotype had different strategies to manage N and cope with drought stress. UNICA was the most efficient genotype at using the N present in the soil and tolerating drought stress, while Achirana-INTA was most affected by drought in terms of NUE. Based on the results, it is suggested that max. fertilizer use efficiency can be obtained with low N rates applied under well-watered conditions. Improved NUE and a greater understanding of the physiol. response of crops to drought stress and N fertilization will help to reduce fertilizer use, lessening the effects of water contamination and improving input efficiency.

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104. 104

     Siebert, J.; Sünnemann, M.; Auge, H.; Berger, S.; Cesarz, S.; Ciobanu, M.; Guerrero-Ramírez, R. N.; Eisenhauer, N. The effects of drought and nutrient addition on soil organisms vary across taxonomic groups, but are constant across seasons. Sci. Rep. 2019, 9, 639– 612,  DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36777-3

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     104

     The effects of drought and nutrient addition on soil organisms vary across taxonomic groups, but are constant across seasons

     Siebert Julia; Sunnemann Marie; Auge Harald; Cesarz Simone; Guerrero-Ramirez Nathaly R; Eisenhauer Nico; Siebert Julia; Cesarz Simone; Guerrero-Ramirez Nathaly R; Eisenhauer Nico; Sunnemann Marie; Auge Harald; Berger Sigrid; Ciobanu Marcel

     Scientific reports (2019), 9 (1), 639 ISSN:.

     Anthropogenic global change alters the activity and functional composition of soil communities that are responsible for crucial ecosystem functions and services. Two of the most pervasive global change drivers are drought and nutrient enrichment. However, the responses of soil organisms to interacting global change drivers remain widely unknown. We tested the interactive effects of extreme drought and fertilization on soil biota ranging from microbes to invertebrates across seasons. We expected drought to reduce the activity of soil organisms and fertilization to induce positive bottom-up effects via increased plant productivity. Furthermore, we hypothesized fertilization to reinforce drought effects through enhanced plant growth, resulting in even drier soil conditions. Our results revealed that drought had detrimental effects on soil invertebrate feeding activity and simplified nematode community structure, whereas soil microbial activity and biomass were unaffected. Microbial biomass increased in response to fertilization, whereas invertebrate feeding activity substantially declined. Notably, these effects were consistent across seasons. The dissimilar responses suggest that soil biota differ vastly in their vulnerability to global change drivers. Thus, important ecosystem processes like decomposition and nutrient cycling, which are driven by the interdependent activity of soil microorganisms and invertebrates, may be disrupted under future conditions.

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105. 105

     Fabrowska, J.; Messyasz, B.; Pankiewicz, R.; Wilińska, P.; Łęska, B. Seasonal differences in the content of phenols and pigments in thalli of freshwater Cladophora glomerata and its habitat. Water Res. 2018, 135, 66– 74,  DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.020

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     105

     Seasonal differences in the content of phenols and pigments in thalli of freshwater Cladophora glomerata and its habitat

     Fabrowska, Joanna; Messyasz, Beata; Pankiewicz, Radoslaw; Wilinska, Patrycja; Leska, Boguslawa

     Water Research (2018), 135 (), 66-74CODEN: WATRAG; ISSN:0043-1354. (Elsevier Ltd.)

     Polyphenols are chems. that primarily inhibit the growth of various autotrophic organisms. The presence of these metabolites greatly boosts the ecol. dominance of eg. Cladophora, which creates large surface mats. The main goal of our work was to quantify the phenol and polyphenols (allelopathic substances) secreted by the macroalgae as a result of exposure to biotic stress caused by competition. The research was carried out on the Cladophora glomerata biomass collected from two freshwater ecosystems located in Wielkopolska Region (Poland, Fig. 1): Oporzynskie Lake (N52° 55', E 17° 9') and Nielba River (N52°48', E 17° 12'). Seasonal variability (May-Oct. 2015) in the properties of C. glomerata mats in the river and lake ecosystem was also analyzed in relation to the physicochem. parameters of water. In addn., the content of pigments in the analyzed biomass was detd. during the appearance of algae mats in water reservoirs. Biomass extn. was performed to det. the phenolic and carotenoid contents (chlorophyll and carotenoids) by using two extn. methods: microwave-assisted extn. (MAE) and supercrit. fluid extn. (SFE). After isolation of the phenols from the thalli (mats) and the habitat, they were analyzed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method with some modifications, while the pigment content (chlorophyll and carotenoids) was evaluated by the spectrophotometric method Liechtenthaler (1987) with some variations. Anal. of the content of these components in algae exts. indicates that the tendency of changes in their contents was similar or the same. Growth and decrease of phenolic content (Cladophora T MAE and Cladophora T SFE) and pigments (MAE chlorophyll, SFE and MAE carotenoids) at the same time were independent of the insulation method used. The mats formed by C. glomerata on the surface of Lake Oporzynskie were more stable and larger surface area than those on the Nielba River, which could explain differences in polyphenol concns. in these two aquatic ecosystems. The results suggest a redn. in the secretion of phenolic compds. with an aging population of algae.

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106. 106

     Wrzesiński, D.; Perz, A. Features of the river runoff regime in the Warta catchment area; Publishing house of the Poznań Society of Friends of Sciences 2016,  DOI: 10.14746/bfg.2016.7.21 (in Polish).

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     SWH-PW, 2020. State Water Holding - Polish Waters. Identification of pressures in water regions and river basin districts. https://www.apgw.gov.pl/pl/III-cykl-prace-realizowane-w-cyklu (accessed 20.07.2020)

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     Wilk, P.; Orlińska-Woźniak, P.; Gębala, J.; Ostojski, M. The flattening phenomenon in a seasonal variability analysis of the total nitrogen loads in river waters. Tech. Trans. 2017, 11, 137– 159,  DOI: 10.4467/2353737XCT.17.195.7425

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     Wilk, P.; Orlińska-Woźniak, P.; Gębala, J. The river absorption capacity determination as a tool to evaluate state of surface water. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 2018, 22, 1033– 1050,  DOI: 10.5194/hess-22-1033-2018

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     The river absorption capacity determination as a tool to evaluate state of surface water

     Wilk, Pawel; Orlinska-Wozniak, Paulina; Gebala, Joanna

     Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (2018), 22 (2Spec.Iss.), 1033-1050CODEN: HESSCF; ISSN:1607-7938. (Copernicus Publications)

     In order to complete a thorough and systematic assessment of water quality, it is useful to measure the absorption capacity of a river. Absorption capacity is understood as a pollution load introduced into river water that will not cause permanent and irreversible changes in the aquatic ecosystem and will not cause a change in the classification of water quality in the river profile. In order to implement the method, the Macromodel DNS/SWAT basin for the Middle Warta pilot (central Poland) was used to simulate nutrient loads. This enabled detailed anal. of water quality in each water body and the assessment of the size of the absorption capacity parameter, which allows the detn. of how much pollution can be added to the river without compromising its quality class. Pos. values of the calcd. absorption capacity parameter mean that it is assumed that the ecosystem is adjusted in such a way that it can eliminate pollution loads through a no. of self-purifn. processes. Neg. values indicate that the load limit has been exceeded, and too much pollution has been introduced into the ecosystem for it to be able to deal with through the processes of self-purifn. Absorption capacity thus enables the connection of environmental stds. of water quality and water quality management plans in order to meet these stds.

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