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Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:Environ. Sci. Technol. 2023, 57, 23, 8828-8838
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Enhanced NH4+ Removal and Recovery from Wastewater Using Na-Zeolite-based Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization: Insight from Ion Transport Flux

  • Xin He
    Xin He
    Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
    Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
    More by Xin He
  • , 
  • Wutong Chen
    Wutong Chen
    Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
    Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
    More by Wutong Chen
  • , 
  • Feiyun Sun
    Feiyun Sun
    State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
    More by Feiyun Sun
    Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4757-0540
  • , 
  • Zekai Jiang
    Zekai Jiang
    Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
    Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
    More by Zekai Jiang
  • , 
  • Bing Li
    Bing Li
    Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
    More by Bing Li
    Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7161-0477
  • , 
  • Xiao-yan Li*
    Xiao-yan Li
    Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
    Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
    *Email: [email protected]
    More by Xiao-yan Li
  • , and 
  • Lin Lin*
    Lin Lin
    Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
    *Email: [email protected]
    More by Lin Lin
    Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-8226
Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2023, 57, 23, 8828–8838
Publication Date (Web):May 29, 2023
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c02286
Copyright © 2023 American Chemical Society
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    Supporting Info (1)»
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    Abstract

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    Flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) is a promising electromembrane technology for wastewater treatment and materials recovery. In this study, we used low-cost Na-modified zeolite (Na-zeolite) to prepare a composite flow-electrode (FE) suspension with a small amount of highly conductive carbon black (CB) to remove and recover NH4+ from synthetic and actual wastewater (200 mg-N/L). Compared with conventional activated carbon (AC), the Na-zeolite electrode exhibited a 56.2–88.5% decrease in liquid-phase NH4+ concentration in the FE suspension due to its higher NH4+ adsorption capacity (6.0 vs. 0.2 mg-N/g). The resulting enhancement of NH4+ diffusion to the electrode chamber contributed to the improved performance of FCDI under both constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) conditions. The addition of CB to the FE suspension increased the conductivity and facilitated Na-zeolite charging for NH4+ electrosorption, especially in CV mode. NH4+-rich zeolite can be easily separated by sedimentation from CB in the FE suspension, producing a soil conditioner with a high N-fertilizer content suitable for soil improvement and agricultural applications. Overall, our study demonstrates that the novel Na-zeolite-based FCDI can be developed as an effective wastewater treatment technology for both NH4+ removal and recovery as a valuable fertilizer resource.

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.3c02286.

    • Kinetics and isotherm fitting constants for NH4+ adsorption by the different adsorbent particles (Table S1); EDS analysis of zeolite and Na-zeolite (Table S2); information of the surface area and pore size for natural zeolite and Na-zeolite (Table S3); information of the pH, conductivity, and COD of food waste fermentation liquor before and after the Na-zeolite-based FCDI treatment (Table S4); detailed design and dimensions of the double Fermat’s spiral curved on the current collector in the patent (Figure S1); static NH4+ adsorption experiments using AC, CB, zeolite, and Na-zeolite particles and the kinetics and isotherm analysis (Figure S2); electrical conductivity of the flow-electrode suspensions prepared using zeolite and Na-zeolite and zeolite mixed with CB and Na-zeolite mixed with CB (Figure S3); XRD patterns of the zeolite and Na-zeolite (Figure S4); and NH4+ removal with time by FCDI at 1.2 V when treating 180 mL of feed water (Figure S5) (PDF)

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