The Prevalence of Marine Lipophilic Phycotoxins Causes Potential Risks in a Tropical Small Island Developing StateClick to copy article linkArticle link copied!
- Jingyi ZhuJingyi ZhuState Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong 999077, ChinaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong 999077, ChinaMore by Jingyi Zhu
- Jing LiJing LiState Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong 999077, ChinaDepartment of Transportation and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, ChinaMore by Jing Li
- Jiajun WuJiajun WuState Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong 999077, ChinaShenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, ChinaMore by Jiajun Wu
- Xiaowan LiuXiaowan LiuState Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong 999077, ChinaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong 999077, ChinaMore by Xiaowan Liu
- Yuchen LinYuchen LinDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong 999077, ChinaMore by Yuchen Lin
- Hongzhen DengHongzhen DengDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong 999077, ChinaMore by Hongzhen Deng
- Xian QinXian QinState Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong 999077, ChinaMore by Xian Qin
- Ming Hung WongMing Hung WongConsortium on Health, Environment, Education, and Research (CHEER), The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po , Hong Kong 999077, ChinaMore by Ming Hung Wong
- Leo Lai Chan*Leo Lai Chan*Email: [email protected]. Tel.: +852-34424125.State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong 999077, ChinaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong 999077, ChinaShenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, ChinaMore by Leo Lai Chan
Abstract
Tropical small island developing states (SIDS), with their geographical isolation and limited resources, heavily rely on the fisheries industry for food and revenue. The presence of marine lipophilic phycotoxins (MLPs) poses risks to their economy and human health. To understand the contamination status and potential risks, the Republic of Kiribati was selected as the representative tropical SIDS and 55 species of 256 coral reef fish encompassing multiple trophic levels and feeding strategies were collected to analyze 17 typical MLPs. Our results showed that the potential risks of ciguatoxins were the highest and approximately 62% of fish species may pose risks for consumers. Biomagnification of ciguatoxins was observed in the food web with a trophic magnification factor of 2.90. Brevetoxin-3, okadaic acid, and dinophysistoxin-1 and -2 were first reported, but the risks posed by okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins were found to be negligible. The correlation analysis revealed that fish body size and trophic position are unreliable metrics to indicate the associated risks and prevent the consumption of contaminated fish. The potential risks of MLPs in Kiribati are of concern, and our findings can serve as valuable inputs for developing food safety policies and fisheries management strategies specific to tropical SIDS contexts.
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