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Size-Resolved Identification, Characterization, and Quantification of Primary Biological Organic Aerosol at a European Rural Site

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    Size-Resolved Identification, Characterization, and Quantification of Primary Biological Organic Aerosol at a European Rural Site
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    † †Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry and ○Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
    ‡ Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, EMPA, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
    § Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
    △ Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE, CNRS-CEA-UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
    ⊥ Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Wien 1060, Austria
    ∥ Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
    □ Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
    ◊ Analytical Chemistry & Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
    *Mailing address: OFLB/002, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland. Phone: +41 56 310 2785. E-mail: [email protected]
    *Mailing address: OFLA/004, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland. Phone: +41 56 310 4202. E-mail: [email protected]
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    Environmental Science & Technology

    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2016, 50, 7, 3425–3434
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05960
    Published February 22, 2016
    Copyright © 2016 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Primary biological organic aerosols (PBOA) represent a major component of the coarse organic matter (OMCOARSE, aerodynamic diameter > 2.5 μm). Although this fraction affects human health and the climate, its quantification and chemical characterization currently remain elusive. We present the first quantification of the entire PBOACOARSE mass and its main sources by analyzing size-segregated filter samples collected during the summer and winter at the rural site of Payerne (Switzerland), representing a continental Europe background environment. The size-segregated water-soluble OM was analyzed by a newly developed offline aerosol mass spectrometric technique (AMS). Collected spectra were analyzed by three-dimensional positive matrix factorization (3D-PMF), showing that PBOA represented the main OMCOARSE source during summer and its contribution to PM10 was comparable to that of secondary organic aerosol. We found substantial cellulose contributions to OMCOARSE, which in combination with gas chromatography mass spectrometry molecular markers quantification, underlined the predominance of plant debris. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis instead revealed that the sum of bacterial and fungal spores mass represented only a minor OMCOARSE fraction (<0.1%). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis of C and N binding energies throughout the size fractions revealed an organic N increase in the PM10 compared to PM1 consistent with AMS observations.

    Copyright © 2016 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05960.

    • Detailed methodology descriptions of WSOC, qPCR, XPS, and IDTD-GC-ToF-MS measurements; OMPAPLS determination; source apportionment optimization (PDF)

    • List of 400 000 recovery combinations used to rescale the water-soluble PMF factor concentrations to the corresponding total OM concentrations (ZIP)

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    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2016, 50, 7, 3425–3434
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05960
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    Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.

    The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated.