Export of Plastic Debris by Rivers into the Sea
Abstract

A substantial fraction of marine plastic debris originates from land-based sources and rivers potentially act as a major transport pathway for all sizes of plastic debris. We analyzed a global compilation of data on plastic debris in the water column across a wide range of river sizes. Plastic debris loads, both microplastic (particles <5 mm) and macroplastic (particles >5 mm) are positively related to the mismanaged plastic waste (MMPW) generated in the river catchments. This relationship is nonlinear where large rivers with population-rich catchments delivering a disproportionately higher fraction of MMPW into the sea. The 10 top-ranked rivers transport 88–95% of the global load into the sea. Using MMPW as a predictor we calculate the global plastic debris inputs form rivers into the sea to range between 0.41 and 4 × 106 t/y. Due to the limited amount of data high uncertainties were expected and ultimately confirmed. The empirical analysis to quantify plastic loads in rivers can be extended easily by additional potential predictors other than MMPW, for example, hydrological conditions.
Cited By
This article is cited by 364 publications.
- Hans Peter H. Arp, Dana Kühnel, Christoph Rummel, Matthew MacLeod, Annegret Potthoff, Sophia Reichelt, Elisa Rojo-Nieto, Mechthild Schmitt-Jansen, Johanna Sonnenberg, Erik Toorman, Annika Jahnke. Weathering Plastics as a Planetary Boundary Threat: Exposure, Fate, and Hazards. Environmental Science & Technology 2021, 55 (11) , 7246-7255. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c01512
- Vera S. Koutnik, Sarah Alkidim, Jamie Leonard, Francesca DePrima, Shangqing Cao, Eric M. V. Hoek, Sanjay K. Mohanty. Unaccounted Microplastics in Wastewater Sludge: Where Do They Go?. ACS ES&T Water 2021, 1 (5) , 1086-1097. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.0c00267
- Win Cowger, Andrew B. Gray, James J. Guilinger, Brandon Fong, Kryss Waldschläger. Concentration Depth Profiles of Microplastic Particles in River Flow and Implications for Surface Sampling. Environmental Science & Technology 2021, 55 (9) , 6032-6041. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c01768
- Zélie Venel, Hervé Tabuteau, Alice Pradel, Pierre-Yves Pascal, Bruno Grassl, Hind El Hadri, Magalie Baudrimont, Julien Gigault. Environmental Fate Modeling of Nanoplastics in a Salinity Gradient Using a Lab-on-a-Chip: Where Does the Nanoscale Fraction of Plastic Debris Accumulate?. Environmental Science & Technology 2021, 55 (5) , 3001-3008. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c07545
- Christopher Dibke, Marten Fischer, Barbara M. Scholz-Böttcher. Microplastic Mass Concentrations and Distribution in German Bight Waters by Pyrolysis–Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry/Thermochemolysis Reveal Potential Impact of Marine Coatings: Do Ships Leave Skid Marks?. Environmental Science & Technology 2021, 55 (4) , 2285-2295. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c04522
- Guanjun Xu, Hanyun Cheng, Robin Jones, Yiqing Feng, Kedong Gong, Kejian Li, Xiaozhong Fang, Muhammad Ali Tahir, Ventsislav Kolev Valev, Liwu Zhang. Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Facilitates the Detection of Microplastics <1 μm in the Environment. Environmental Science & Technology 2020, 54 (24) , 15594-15603. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c02317
- Lei Mai, Hui He, Lian-Jun Bao, Liang-Ying Liu, Eddy Y. Zeng. Plastics Are an Insignificant Carrier of Riverine Organic Pollutants to the Coastal Oceans. Environmental Science & Technology 2020, 54 (24) , 15852-15860. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c05446
- Lei Mai, Xiang-Fei Sun, Lin-Lin Xia, Lian-Jun Bao, Liang-Ying Liu, Eddy Y. Zeng. Global Riverine Plastic Outflows. Environmental Science & Technology 2020, 54 (16) , 10049-10056. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c02273
- Dong Wang, Jinhui Cui, Mingzhe Gan, Zhaohui Xue, Jing Wang, Peifeng Liu, Yue Hu, Yehudah Pardo, Shogo Hamada, Dayong Yang, Dan Luo. Transformation of Biomass DNA into Biodegradable Materials from Gels to Plastics for Reducing Petrochemical Consumption. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2020, 142 (22) , 10114-10124. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c02438
- Mine B. Tekman, Claudia Wekerle, Claudia Lorenz, Sebastian Primpke, Christiane Hasemann, Gunnar Gerdts, Melanie Bergmann. Tying up Loose Ends of Microplastic Pollution in the Arctic: Distribution from the Sea Surface through the Water Column to Deep-Sea Sediments at the HAUSGARTEN Observatory. Environmental Science & Technology 2020, 54 (7) , 4079-4090. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b06981
- Ali Chamas, Hyunjin Moon, Jiajia Zheng, Yang Qiu, Tarnuma Tabassum, Jun Hee Jang, Mahdi Abu-Omar, Susannah L. Scott, Sangwon Suh. Degradation Rates of Plastics in the Environment. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2020, 8 (9) , 3494-3511. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b06635
- Patricia L. Corcoran, Sara L. Belontz, Kelly Ryan, Mary Jane Walzak. Factors Controlling the Distribution of Microplastic Particles in Benthic Sediment of the Thames River, Canada. Environmental Science & Technology 2020, 54 (2) , 818-825. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b04896
- Susan D. Richardson, Susana Y. Kimura. Water Analysis: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues. Analytical Chemistry 2020, 92 (1) , 473-505. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05269
- Julie R. Peller Cassandra R. Nelson Bharath Ganesh Babu Christopher Iceman Edward Kostelnik . A Review of Microplastics in Freshwater Environments: Locations, Methods, and Pollution Loads. 2020,,, 65-90. https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1352.ch004
- Collin P. Ward, Cassia J. Armstrong, Anna N. Walsh, Julia H. Jackson, Christopher M. Reddy. Sunlight Converts Polystyrene to Carbon Dioxide and Dissolved Organic Carbon. Environmental Science & Technology Letters 2019, 6 (11) , 669-674. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00532
- Lei Mai, Shan-Ni You, Hui He, Lian-Jun Bao, Liang-Ying Liu, Eddy Y. Zeng. Riverine Microplastic Pollution in the Pearl River Delta, China: Are Modeled Estimates Accurate?. Environmental Science & Technology 2019, 53 (20) , 11810-11817. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b04838
- Stephan Wagner, Philipp Klöckner, Britta Stier, Melina Römer, Bettina Seiwert, Thorsten Reemtsma, Christian Schmidt. Relationship between Discharge and River Plastic Concentrations in a Rural and an Urban Catchment. Environmental Science & Technology 2019, 53 (17) , 10082-10091. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b03048
- Thomas Mani, Sebastian Primpke, Claudia Lorenz, Gunnar Gerdts, Patricia Burkhardt-Holm. Microplastic Pollution in Benthic Midstream Sediments of the Rhine River. Environmental Science & Technology 2019, 53 (10) , 6053-6062. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b01363
- A. Merline Sheela, B. Manimekalai, G. Dhinagaran. Review on the distribution of microplastics in the oceans and its impacts: Need for modeling-based approach to investigate the transport and risk of microplastic pollution. Environmental Engineering Research 2022, 27 (4) , 210243-0. https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2021.243
- Xiaoya Liu, Huatai Liu, Li Chen, Xinhong Wang. Ecological interception effect of mangroves on microplastics. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2022, 423 , 127231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127231
- Gideon Gywa Deme, David Ewusi-Mensah, Oluwatosin Atinuke Olagbaju, Emmanuel Sunday Okeke, Charles Obinwanne Okoye, Elijah Chibueze Odii, Onome Ejeromedoghene, Eghosa Igun, Joseph Okoro Onyekwere, Olayinka Kehinde Oderinde, Edmond Sanganyado. Macro problems from microplastics: Toward a sustainable policy framework for managing microplastic waste in Africa. Science of The Total Environment 2022, 804 , 150170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150170
- Xue Li, Xiaoxin Han, Rolf D. Vogt, Jiaying Zhou, Boyang Zheng, Yan Zhang, Jianbo Tu, Yutong Song, Xueqiang Lu. Polyethylene terephthalate and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in surface and core sediments of Bohai Bay, China: Occurrence and ecological risk. Chemosphere 2022, 286 , 131904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131904
- Iulian Pojar, Adrian Stănică, Friederike Stock, Christian Kochleus, Michael Schultz, Chris Bradley. Sedimentary microplastic concentrations from the Romanian Danube River to the Black Sea. Scientific Reports 2021, 11 (1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81724-4
- Alexander Matthew David Finnegan, Christos Gouramanis. Projected plastic waste loss scenarios between 2000 and 2030 into the largest freshwater-lake system in Southeast Asia. Scientific Reports 2021, 11 (1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83064-9
- Maryna Strokal, Zhaohai Bai, Wietse Franssen, Nynke Hofstra, Albert A. Koelmans, Fulco Ludwig, Lin Ma, Peter van Puijenbroek, J. Emiel Spanier, Lucie C. Vermeulen, Michelle T. H. van Vliet, Jikke van Wijnen, Carolien Kroeze. Urbanization: an increasing source of multiple pollutants to rivers in the 21st century. npj Urban Sustainability 2021, 1 (1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-021-00026-w
- Ling Yang, Wei Luo, Pin Zhao, Yulan Zhang, Shichang Kang, John P. Giesy, Fan Zhang. Microplastics in the Koshi River, a remote alpine river crossing the Himalayas from China to Nepal. Environmental Pollution 2021, 290 , 118121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118121
- Amy L. Lusher, Rachel Hurley, Hans Peter H. Arp, Andy M. Booth, Inger Lise N. Bråte, Geir W. Gabrielsen, Alessio Gomiero, Tânia Gomes, Bjørn Einar Grøsvik, Norman Green, Marte Haave, Ingeborg G. Hallanger, Claudia Halsband, Dorte Herzke, Erik J. Joner, Tanja Kögel, Kirsten Rakkestad, Sissel B. Ranneklev, Martin Wagner, Marianne Olsen. Moving forward in microplastic research: A Norwegian perspective. Environment International 2021, 157 , 106794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106794
- Nicolás Garello, Martín C.M. Blettler, Luis A. Espínola, Karl M. Wantzen, Daniel González-Fernández, Stephane Rodrigues. The role of hydrodynamic fluctuations and wind intensity on the distribution of plastic debris on the sandy beaches of Paraná River, Argentina. Environmental Pollution 2021, 291 , 118168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118168
- Daniela Honorato-Zimmer, Tim Kiessling, Magdalena Gatta-Rosemary, Celeste Kroeger Campodónico, Paloma Núñez-Farías, Sabine Rech, Martin Thiel. Mountain streams flushing litter to the sea – Andean rivers as conduits for plastic pollution. Environmental Pollution 2021, 291 , 118166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118166
- Hajo Bitter, Susanne Lackner. Fast and easy quantification of semi-crystalline microplastics in exemplary environmental matrices by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Chemical Engineering Journal 2021, 423 , 129941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.129941
- Luana Agostini, Julio Cezar Fornazier Moreira, Amanda Gonçalves Bendia, Maria Carolina Pezzo Kmit, Linda Gwen Waters, Marina Ferreira Mourão Santana, Paulo Yukio Gomes Sumida, Alexander Turra, Vivian Helena Pellizari. Deep-sea plastisphere: Long-term colonization by plastic-associated bacterial and archaeal communities in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 793 , 148335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148335
- Wei Sheng Choong, Tony Hadibarata, Adhi Yuniarto, Kuok Ho Daniel Tang, Faizuan Abdullah, Muhammad Syafrudin, Dunia A. Al Farraj, Amal M. Al-Mohaimeed. Characterization of microplastics in the water and sediment of Baram River estuary, Borneo Island. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2021, 172 , 112880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112880
- Zhaoqing Wang, Yulan Zhang, Shichang Kang, Ling Yang, Huahong Shi, Lekhendra Tripathee, Tanguang Gao. Research progresses of microplastic pollution in freshwater systems. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 795 , 148888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148888
- Toshka Barnardo, Tanna Mae van Niekerk, Lorien Pichegru, Danica Marlin. The first baseline estimation of marine litter in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2021, 172 , 112903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112903
- Jun-Hong Liang, Jinliang Liu, Mark Benfield, Dubravko Justic, Daniel Holstein, Bingqing Liu, Robert Hetland, Daijiro Kobashi, Changming Dong, Weiyuan Dong. Including the effects of subsurface currents on buoyant particles in Lagrangian particle tracking models: Model development and its application to the study of riverborne plastics over the Louisiana/Texas shelf. Ocean Modelling 2021, 167 , 101879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2021.101879
- Lauren Roman, Andrew Warmbrunn, T.J. Lawson, Kathryn Willis, Chris Wilcox, Britta Denise Hardesty. Comparing marine anthropogenic debris on inhabited mainland beaches, coastal islands, and uninhabited offshore islands: A case study from Queensland and the Coral Sea, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2021, 172 , 112919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112919
- Phuping Sucharitakul, Kylie A. Pitt, David T. Welsh. Assessment of microplastics in discharged treated wastewater and the utility of Chrysaora pentastoma medusae as bioindicators of microplastics. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 790 , 148076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148076
- John S. Woods, Francesca Verones, Olivier Jolliet, Ian Vázquez-Rowe, Anne-Marie Boulay. A framework for the assessment of marine litter impacts in life cycle impact assessment. Ecological Indicators 2021, 129 , 107918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107918
- Tim Kiessling, Katrin Knickmeier, Katrin Kruse, Magdalena Gatta-Rosemary, Alice Nauendorf, Dennis Brennecke, Laura Thiel, Antje Wichels, Ilka Parchmann, Arne Körtzinger, Martin Thiel. Schoolchildren discover hotspots of floating plastic litter in rivers using a large-scale collaborative approach. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 789 , 147849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147849
- Yehao Wang, Haruka Nakano, Haodong Xu, Hisayuki Arakawa. Contamination of seabed sediments in Tokyo Bay by small microplastic particles. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 2021, 261 , 107552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107552
- Feng Zhang, Jiayi Xu, Lixin Zhu, Guyu Peng, Khalida Jabeen, Xiaohui Wang, Daoji Li. Seasonal distributions of microplastics and estimation of the microplastic load ingested by wild caught fish in the East China Sea. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2021, 419 , 126456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126456
- Zeqian Zhang, Chenning Deng, Li Dong, Lusan Liu, Haisheng Li, Jia Wu, Chenlei Ye. Microplastic pollution in the Yangtze River Basin: Heterogeneity of abundances and characteristics in different environments. Environmental Pollution 2021, 287 , 117580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117580
- Asmita Mishra, Hammad Siddiqi, Usha Kumari, Ipsita Dipamitra Behera, Subhrajit Mukherjee, B.C. Meikap. Pyrolysis of waste lubricating oil/waste motor oil to generate high-grade fuel oil: A comprehensive review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2021, 150 , 111446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111446
- Reza Pashaei, Steven Arthur Loiselle, Gemma Leone, Gabriella Tamasi, Reda Dzingelevičienė, Tomasz Kowalkowski, Mortaza Gholizadeh, Marco Consumi, Sajjad Abbasi, Viktorija Sabaliauskaitė, Boguslaw Buszewski. Determination of nano and microplastic particles in hypersaline lakes by multiple methods. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2021, 193 (10) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09470-8
- Cristina Munari, Marco Scoponi, Andrea A. Sfriso, Adriano Sfriso, Jacqueline Aiello, Elia Casoni, Michele Mistri. Temporal variation of floatable plastic particles in the largest Italian river, the Po. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2021, 171 , 112805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112805
- Maria Masry, Stéphanie Rossignol, Jean-Luc Gardette, Sandrine Therias, Pierre-Olivier Bussière, Pascal Wong-Wah-Chung. Characteristics, fate, and impact of marine plastic debris exposed to sunlight: A review. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2021, 171 , 112701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112701
- Estibaliz Baroja, Eleni Christoforou, Jan Lindström, Sofie Spatharis. Effects of microplastics on bivalves: Are experimental settings reflecting conditions in the field?. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2021, 171 , 112696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112696
- Ruth D. Rittinghaus, Aylin Karabulut, Alexander Hoffmann, Sonja Herres‐Pawlis. Active in Sleep: Iron Guanidine Catalyst Performs ROP on Dormant Side of ATRP. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2021, 60 (40) , 21795-21800. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202109053
- Ruth D. Rittinghaus, Aylin Karabulut, Alexander Hoffmann, Sonja Herres‐Pawlis. Nachtaktiv: Eisen‐Guanidin‐Komplex katalysiert ROP auf der schlafenden Seite der ATRP. Angewandte Chemie 2021, 133 (40) , 21965-21971. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202109053
- Robert A. Newbould, D. Mark Powell, Michael J. Whelan. Macroplastic Debris Transfer in Rivers: A Travel Distance Approach. Frontiers in Water 2021, 3 https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2021.724596
- Nina Wootton, Patrick Reis-Santos, Bronwyn M. Gillanders. Microplastic in fish – A global synthesis. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 2021, 263 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-021-09684-6
- Andrew J. Tanentzap, Samuel Cottingham, Jérémy Fonvielle, Isobel Riley, Lucy M. Walker, Samuel G. Woodman, Danai Kontou, Christian M. Pichler, Erwin Reisner, Laurent Lebreton, . Microplastics and anthropogenic fibre concentrations in lakes reflect surrounding land use. PLOS Biology 2021, 19 (9) , e3001389. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001389
- Xuechun Zhang, Weitong Zhang, Jun Xie, Chengqian Zhang, Jue Fu, Jianzhong Fu, Peng Zhao. Automatic magnetic projection for one-step separation of mixed plastics using ring magnets. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 786 , 147217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147217
- Zakaria Daoud Taha, Roswati Md Amin, Sabiqah Tuan Anuar, Ammar Arif Abdul Nasser, Erqa Shazira Sohaimi. Microplastics in seawater and zooplankton: A case study from Terengganu estuary and offshore waters, Malaysia. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 786 , 147466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147466
- Nelson Rangel-Buitrago, Harry Arroyo-Olarte, Jorge Trilleras, Victoria Andrea Arana, Egna Mantilla-Barbosa, Adriana Gracia C., Anubis Velez Mendoza, William J. Neal, Allan T. Williams, Anton Micallef. Microplastics pollution on Colombian Central Caribbean beaches. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2021, 170 , 112685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112685
- Luciano Lorenzi, Bruna C. Reginato, Devon G. Mayer, Eduardo Gentil, Ana Paula Testa Pezzin, Victória Fonseca Silveira, David V. Dantas. Spatio-seasonal microplastics distribution along a shallow coastal lagoon ecocline within a marine conservation unit. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2021, 170 , 112644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112644
- Mansi Vaid, Kiranmay Sarma, Anshu Gupta. Microplastic pollution in aquatic environments with special emphasis on riverine systems: Current understanding and way forward. Journal of Environmental Management 2021, 293 , 112860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112860
- Rakesh Kumar, Anurag Verma, Arkajyoti Shome, Rama Sinha, Srishti Sinha, Prakash Kumar Jha, Ritesh Kumar, Pawan Kumar, Shubham, Shreyas Das, Prabhakar Sharma, P. V. Vara Prasad. Impacts of Plastic Pollution on Ecosystem Services, Sustainable Development Goals, and Need to Focus on Circular Economy and Policy Interventions. Sustainability 2021, 13 (17) , 9963. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179963
- Charlotte J Haberstroh, Mauricio E Arias, Zhewen Yin, Ty Sok, Michael C Wang. Plastic transport in a complex confluence of the Mekong River in Cambodia. Environmental Research Letters 2021, 16 (9) , 095009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac2198
- Sarah A. Poletti, Tobias Landberg. Using nature preserve creek cleanups to quantify anthropogenic litter accumulation in an urban watershed. Freshwater Science 2021, 40 (3) , 537-550. https://doi.org/10.1086/716214
- Alexander G. López, Raymond G. Najjar, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Michael A. Hickner, Denice H. Wardrop. Estuaries as Filters for Riverine Microplastics: Simulations in a Large, Coastal-Plain Estuary. Frontiers in Marine Science 2021, 8 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.715924
- Katie Conlon. A social systems approach to sustainable waste management: leverage points for plastic reduction in Colombo, Sri Lanka. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 2021, 28 (6) , 562-580. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2020.1867252
- Ciprian Cimpan, Eivind Lekve Bjelle, Anders Hammer Strømman. Plastic packaging flows in Europe: A hybrid input‐output approach. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2021, 36 https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13175
- Camilla Catarci Carteny, Ronny Blust. Not Only Diamonds Are Forever: Degradation of Plastic Films in a Simulated Marine Environment. Frontiers in Environmental Science 2021, 9 https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.662844
- Kai Lyu, Cheng Cao, Da Li, Siddiq Akbar, Zhou Yang. The thermal regime modifies the response of aquatic keystone species Daphnia to microplastics: Evidence from population fitness, accumulation, histopathological analysis and candidate gene expression. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 783 , 147154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147154
- Jianli Liu, Jianyao Liang, Jiannan Ding, Guangming Zhang, Xianyi Zeng, Qingbo Yang, Bo Zhu, Weidong Gao. Microfiber pollution: an ongoing major environmental issue related to the sustainable development of textile and clothing industry. Environment, Development and Sustainability 2021, 23 (8) , 11240-11256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-01173-3
- R. Tramoy, J. Gasperi, L. Colasse, C. Noûs, B. Tassin. Transfer dynamics of macroplastics in estuaries – New insights from the Seine estuary: Part 3. What fate for macroplastics?. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2021, 169 , 112513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112513
- Maëlle Connan, Vonica Perold, Ben J. Dilley, Christophe Barbraud, Yves Cherel, Peter G. Ryan. The Indian Ocean ‘garbage patch’: Empirical evidence from floating macro-litter. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2021, 169 , 112559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112559
- Christian Ebere Enyoh, Franklyn Okechukwu Ohiagu, Andrew Wirnkor Verla, Qingyue Wang, Leila Shafea, Evelyn Ngozi Verla, Beniah Obinna Isiuku, Tanzin Chowdhury, Francis Chizoruo Ibe, Md. Akhter Hossain Chowdhury. “Plasti-remediation”: Advances in the potential use of environmental plastics for pollutant removal. Environmental Technology & Innovation 2021, 23 , 101791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2021.101791
- Falk Schneider, Alexander Kunz, Chieh-Shen Hu, Ning Yen, Hsin-Tien Lin. Rapid-Survey Methodology to Assess Litter Volumes along Large River Systems—A Case Study of the Tamsui River in Taiwan. Sustainability 2021, 13 (16) , 8765. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13168765
- Rajesh Buch, Alicia Marseille, Matthew Williams, Rimjhim Aggarwal, Aparna Sharma. From Waste Pickers to Producers: An Inclusive Circular Economy Solution through Development of Cooperatives in Waste Management. Sustainability 2021, 13 (16) , 8925. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13168925
- Franciele O. Campos da Rocha, Sabrina T. Martinez, Vânia P. Campos, Gisele O. da Rocha, Jailson B. de Andrade. Microplastic pollution in Southern Atlantic marine waters: Review of current trends, sources, and perspectives. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 782 , 146541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146541
- Ella van Gool, Marnie Campbell, Pip Wallace, Chad L. Hewitt. Marine Debris on New Zealand Beaches - Baseline Data to Evaluate Regional Variances. Frontiers in Environmental Science 2021, 9 https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.700415
- Anna E.S. Vincent, Timothy J. Hoellein. Distribution and transport of microplastic and fine particulate organic matter in urban streams. Ecological Applications 2021, https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2429
- Yifan Li, Siguang Liu, Mengyang Liu, Wei Huang, Kai Chen, Yongcheng Ding, Fangzhu Wu, Hongwei Ke, Linghao Lou, Yan Lin, Mingyu Zhang, Fengjiao Liu, Chunhui Wang, Minggang Cai. Mid-Level Riverine Outflow Matters: A Case of Microplastic Transport in the Jiulong River, China. Frontiers in Marine Science 2021, 8 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.712727
- Robert C. Ferrier, Alan Jenkins. Introduction to Catchment Management in 2020. 2021,,, 3-24. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119531241.ch1
- Alan Jenkins, Robert C. Ferrier. The Future for Catchment Management. 2021,,, 579-587. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119531241.ch23
- Lisa Weiss, Wolfgang Ludwig, Serge Heussner, Miquel Canals, Jean-François Ghiglione, Claude Estournel, Mel Constant, Philippe Kerhervé. The missing ocean plastic sink: Gone with the rivers. Science 2021, 373 (6550) , 107-111. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abe0290
- Guanglong Chen, Yizheng Li, Jun Wang. Occurrence and ecological impact of microplastics in aquaculture ecosystems. Chemosphere 2021, 274 , 129989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129989
- M. Mugilarasan, R. Karthik, R. Purvaja, R.S. Robin, B. Subbareddy, G. Hariharan, S. Rohan, T.P.S. Jinoj, I. Anandavelu, P. Pugalenthi, R. Ramesh. Spatiotemporal variations in anthropogenic marine litter pollution along the northeast beaches of India. Environmental Pollution 2021, 280 , 116954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116954
- V. Anu Pavithran. Study on microplastic pollution in the coastal seawaters of selected regions along the northern coast of Kerala, southwest coast of India. Journal of Sea Research 2021, 173 , 102060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2021.102060
- Yang Liu, JinAo You, YuJun Li, JiaoDi Zhang, Yong He, Florian Breider, Shu Tao, WenXin Liu. Insights into the horizontal and vertical profiles of microplastics in a river emptying into the sea affected by intensive anthropogenic activities in Northern China. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 779 , 146589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146589
- Abdul Haseeb Chaudhary, Michael Jay Polonsky, Nicholas McClaren. Littering behaviour: A systematic review. International Journal of Consumer Studies 2021, 45 (4) , 478-510. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12638
- Federica Guerrini, Lorenzo Mari, Renato Casagrandi. The dynamics of microplastics and associated contaminants: Data-driven Lagrangian and Eulerian modelling approaches in the Mediterranean Sea. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 777 , 145944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145944
- Anja Rebelein, Ivo Int-Veen, Ulrike Kammann, Jörn Peter Scharsack. Microplastic fibers — Underestimated threat to aquatic organisms?. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 777 , 146045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146045
- Xiaohui Wang, Kai Liu, Lixin Zhu, Changjun Li, Zhangyu Song, Daoji Li. Efficient transport of atmospheric microplastics onto the continent via the East Asian summer monsoon. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2021, 414 , 125477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125477
- Paul Vriend, H. Hidayat, J. van Leeuwen, M. R. Cordova, N. P. Purba, A. J. Löhr, I. Faizal, N. S. Ningsih, K. Agustina, S. Husrin, D. D. Suryono, I. Hantoro, B. Widianarko, P. Lestari, B. Vermeulen, Tim van Emmerik. Plastic Pollution Research in Indonesia: State of Science and Future Research Directions to Reduce Impacts. Frontiers in Environmental Science 2021, 9 https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.692907
- Saidu M. Bashir, Sam Kimiko, Chu-Wa Mak, James Kar-Hei Fang, David Gonçalves. Personal Care and Cosmetic Products as a Potential Source of Environmental Contamination by Microplastics in a Densely Populated Asian City. Frontiers in Marine Science 2021, 8 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.683482
- Matthias Egger, Lauren Quiros, Giulia Leone, Francesco Ferrari, Christiana M. Boerger, Michelle Tishler. Relative Abundance of Floating Plastic Debris and Neuston in the Eastern North Pacific Ocean. Frontiers in Marine Science 2021, 8 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.626026
- Érika de Faria, Pierre Girard, Carolina Silva Nardes, Andressa Moreschi, Susete Wambier Christo, Augusto Luiz Ferreira Junior, Monica F. Costa. Microplastics pollution in the South American Pantanal. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering 2021, 3 , 100088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2021.100088
- Van Ryan Kristopher R. Galarpe, Caroline Marie B. Jaraula, Maria Kristina O. Paler. The nexus of macroplastic and microplastic research and plastic regulation policies in the Philippines marine coastal environments. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2021, 167 , 112343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112343
- Victor Onink, Cleo E Jongedijk, Matthew J Hoffman, Erik van Sebille, Charlotte Laufkötter. Global simulations of marine plastic transport show plastic trapping in coastal zones. Environmental Research Letters 2021, 16 (6) , 064053. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abecbd
- Ludwig Schmidtchen, Michael Y. Roleda, Jens-Peter Majschak, Matthias Mayser. Processing technologies for solid and flexible packaging materials from macroalgae. Algal Research 2021, 8 , 102300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2021.102300
- Daniel González-Fernández, Andrés Cózar, Georg Hanke, Josué Viejo, Carmen Morales-Caselles, Rigers Bakiu, Damià Barceló, Filipa Bessa, Antoine Bruge, María Cabrera, Javier Castro-Jiménez, Mel Constant, Roberto Crosti, Yuri Galletti, Ahmet E. Kideys, Nino Machitadze, Joana Pereira de Brito, Maria Pogojeva, Nuno Ratola, Júlia Rigueira, Elisa Rojo-Nieto, Oksana Savenko, Rosanna I. Schöneich-Argent, Grzegorz Siedlewicz, Giuseppe Suaria, Myrto Tourgeli. Floating macrolitter leaked from Europe into the ocean. Nature Sustainability 2021, 4 (6) , 474-483. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-021-00722-6
- Qing‐Fang Guan, Huai‐Bin Yang, Yu‐Xiang Zhao, Zi‐Meng Han, Zhang‐Chi Ling, Kun‐Peng Yang, Chong‐Han Yin, Shu‐Hong Yu. Microplastics release from victuals packaging materials during daily usage. EcoMat 2021, 3 (3) https://doi.org/10.1002/eom2.12107
- Astrid E. Delorme, Gaelle B. Koumba, Erwan Roussel, Florence Delor-Jestin, Jean-Luc Peiry, Olivier Voldoire, Alexandre Garreau, Haroutioun Askanian, Vincent Verney. The life of a plastic butter tub in riverine environments. Environmental Pollution 2021, 46 , 117656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117656
- Peter L. Horn. Ingestion of anthropogenic debris by marine fishes around New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 2021, 39 , 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2021.1934489
- Ugo De Corato. Bioplastics from Winemaking By-products in the Buildings Sector: A Feasibility Study on the Main Opportunities, Barriers and Challenges. Circular Economy and Sustainability 2021, 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s43615-021-00048-7
- A. H. M. Enamul Kabir, Masahiko Sekine, Tsuyoshi Imai, Koichi Yamamoto, Ariyo Kanno, Takaya Higuchi. Assessing small-scale freshwater microplastics pollution, land-use, source-to-sink conduits, and pollution risks: Perspectives from Japanese rivers polluted with microplastics. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 768 , 144655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144655
- Andrea Winterstetter, Marie Grodent, Venkatesh Kini, Kim Ragaert, Karl C. Vrancken. A Review of Technological Solutions to Prevent or Reduce Marine Plastic Litter in Developing Countries. Sustainability 2021, 13 (9) , 4894. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094894




