ACS Publications. Most Trusted. Most Cited. Most Read
Changes in Emissions of Ozone-Depleting Substances from China Due to Implementation of the Montreal Protocol

OR SEARCH CITATIONS

My Activity
Publications

Figure 1Loading Img
Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:Environ. Sci. Technol. 2018, 52, 19, 11359-11366
    Article

    Changes in Emissions of Ozone-Depleting Substances from China Due to Implementation of the Montreal Protocol
    Click to copy article linkArticle link copied!

    • Xuekun Fang*
      Xuekun Fang
      Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
      State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
      *E-mail:[email protected]
      More by Xuekun Fang
      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-7055-0644
    • A. R. Ravishankara*
      A. R. Ravishankara
      Department of Chemistry and Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
      *E-mail: [email protected]
      More by A. R. Ravishankara
      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-9059-8437
    • Guus J. M. Velders
      Guus J. M. Velders
      National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
      Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht (IMAU), Utrecht University, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
      More by Guus J. M. Velders
    • Mario J. Molina
      Mario J. Molina
      Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
      More by Mario J. Molina
    • Shenshen Su
      Shenshen Su
      Electric Power Planning & Engineering Institute, Beijing 100120, China
      State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
      More by Shenshen Su
    • Jianbo Zhang
      Jianbo Zhang
      State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
      More by Jianbo Zhang
      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-8937-0953
    • Jianxin Hu*
      Jianxin Hu
      State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
      *E-mail: [email protected]
      More by Jianxin Hu
    • Ronald G. Prinn
      Ronald G. Prinn
      Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
      More by Ronald G. Prinn
    Other Access OptionsSupporting Information (2)

    Environmental Science & Technology

    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2018, 52, 19, 11359–11366
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b01280
    Published August 22, 2018
    Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

    Abstract

    Click to copy section linkSection link copied!
    Abstract Image

    The ozone layer depletion and its recovery, as well as the climate influence of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) and their substitutes that influence climate, are of interest to both the scientific community and the public. Here we report on the emissions of ODSs and their substitute from China, which is currently the largest consumer (and emitter) of these substances. We provide, for the first time, comprehensive information on ODSs and replacement hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) emissions in China starting from 1980 based on reported production and usage. We also assess the impacts (and costs) of controls on ODS consumption and emissions on the ozone layer (in terms of CFC-11-equivalent) and climate (in CO2-equivalent). In addition, we show that while China’s future ODS emissions are likely to be defined as long as there is full compliance with the Montreal Protocol; its HFC emissions through 2050 are very uncertain. Our findings imply that HFC controls over the next decades that are more stringent than those under the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol would be beneficial in mitigating global climate change.

    Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society

    Subjects

    what are subjects

    Read this article

    To access this article, please review the available access options below.

    Get instant access

    Purchase Access

    Read this article for 48 hours. Check out below using your ACS ID or as a guest.

    Recommended

    Access through Your Institution

    You may have access to this article through your institution.

    Your institution does not have access to this content. Add or change your institution or let them know you’d like them to include access.

    Supporting Information

    Click to copy section linkSection link copied!

    The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications Web site at The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01280.

    • Data that support the findings of this study (XLSX)

    • Detailed methodologies for calculating ODS emissions in each sector for each ODS; ODP, GWP, lifetime of each ODS, ODS phase-out schedule, parameters used in the emission estimation, estimated consumption and emissions, and other parameters (PDF)

    Terms & Conditions

    Most electronic Supporting Information files are available without a subscription to ACS Web Editions. Such files may be downloaded by article for research use (if there is a public use license linked to the relevant article, that license may permit other uses). Permission may be obtained from ACS for other uses through requests via the RightsLink permission system: http://pubs.acs.org/page/copyright/permissions.html.

    Cited By

    Click to copy section linkSection link copied!
    Citation Statements
    Explore this article's citation statements on scite.ai
    powered by  Scite

    This article is cited by 63 publications.

    1. Mengyue Ma, Bo Yao, Xiaoyi Hu, Bowei Li, Wenxue Chi, Di Chen, Liting Hu, Guus J. M. Velders, Xuekun Fang. Emissions of HFC-134a in China and Reconciliation of Discrepancies between Observation-Based and Inventory-Based Emission Estimates. Environmental Science & Technology 2025, Article ASAP.
    2. Xiaoyi Hu, Li Tan, Ye Chen, Kuang Xiao, Xiao Zhang, Mingzhu Li, Tong Ye, Bowei Li, Mingrui Ji, Xuekun Fang. Sustained Increases in Hydrofluorocarbon Emissions from China and Implications for Global Emissions. Environmental Science & Technology 2025, 59 (6) , 3024-3033. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c08981
    3. Yahui Sun, Bo Yao, Mengyue Ma, Xiaoyi Hu, Mingrui Ji, Xuekun Fang. Emissions of HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b in China during 2018–2021 Inferred from Inverse Modeling. Environmental Science & Technology 2024, 58 (30) , 13273-13283. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c02169
    4. Qianna Du, Bowei Li, Mengyue Ma, Bo Yao, Xuekun Fang. Estimate Gaps of Montreal Protocol-Regulated Potent Greenhouse Gas HFC-152a Emissions in China Have Been Explained. Environmental Science & Technology 2024, 58 (13) , 5750-5759. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c09516
    5. Yahui Sun, Bo Yao, Xiaoyi Hu, Yang Yang, Bowei Li, Mengyue Ma, Wenxue Chi, Qianna Du, Jianxin Hu, Xuekun Fang. Inverse Modeling Revealed Reversed Trends in HCFC-141b Emissions for China during 2018–2020. Environmental Science & Technology 2023, 57 (48) , 19557-19564. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c04881
    6. Yifei Wang, Lu Liu, Xueqi Qiao, Mei Sun, Junyu Guo, Jianbo Zhang, Bu Zhao. Projections of National-Gridded Emissions of Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) in China. Environmental Science & Technology 2023, 57 (23) , 8650-8659. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c09263
    7. Liying Yi, Minde An, Haibo Yu, Zhiqiang Ma, Lin Xu, Simon O’Doherty, Matthew Rigby, Luke M. Western, Anita L. Ganesan, Liyan Zhou, Qingfeng Shi, Yunxing Hu, Bo Yao, Weiguang Xu, Jianxin Hu. In Situ Observations of Halogenated Gases at the Shangdianzi Background Station and Emission Estimates for Northern China. Environmental Science & Technology 2023, 57 (18) , 7217-7229. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c00695
    8. Fuli Bai, Minde An, Jing Wu, Xuekun Fang, Pengnan Jiang, Bo Yao, Xingchen Zhao, Xueying Xiang, Ziwei Chen, Jianxin Hu. Pathway and Cost-Benefit Analysis to Achieve China’s Zero Hydrofluorocarbon Emissions. Environmental Science & Technology 2023, 57 (16) , 6474-6484. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c00166
    9. Liying Yi, Xueying Xiang, Xingchen Zhao, Weiguang Xu, Pengnan Jiang, Jianxin Hu. Atmospheric Observation and Emission of HFC-134a in China and Its Four Cities. Environmental Science & Technology 2023, 57 (12) , 4732-4740. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c07711
    10. Jing Wu, Tong Li, Jing Wang, Dayu Zhang, Lin Peng. Establishment of HCFC-22 National–Provincial–Gridded Emission Inventories in China and the Analysis of Emission Reduction Potential. Environmental Science & Technology 2022, 56 (2) , 814-822. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c07344
    11. Xiaoqing Huang, Yanli Zhang, Likun Xue, Jianhui Tang, Wei Song, Donald R. Blake, Xinming Wang. Constraining Emission Estimates of CFC-11 in Eastern China Based on Local Observations at Surface Stations and Mount Tai. Environmental Science & Technology Letters 2021, 8 (11) , 940-946. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00539
    12. Karina E. Adcock, Matthew J. Ashfold, Charles C.-K. Chou, Lauren J. Gooch, Norfazrin Mohd Hanif, Johannes C. Laube, David E. Oram, Chang-Feng Ou-Yang, Marios Panagi, William T. Sturges, Claire E. Reeves. Investigation of East Asian Emissions of CFC-11 Using Atmospheric Observations in Taiwan. Environmental Science & Technology 2020, 54 (7) , 3814-3822. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b06433
    13. Fei Teng, Xin Su, Xin Wang. Can China Peak Its Non-CO2 GHG Emissions before 2030 by Implementing Its Nationally Determined Contribution?. Environmental Science & Technology 2019, 53 (21) , 12168-12176. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b04162
    14. Bo Yao, Xuekun Fang, Martin K. Vollmer, Stefan Reimann, Liqu Chen, Shuangxi Fang, Ronald G. Prinn. China’s Hydrofluorocarbon Emissions for 2011–2017 Inferred from Atmospheric Measurements. Environmental Science & Technology Letters 2019, 6 (8) , 479-486. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00319
    15. Pallav Purohit, Tilden Chao, Rick Cooke, Hilde Dhont, Richie Kaur, Roberto Peixoto, Helen Walter-Terrinoni, Ashley Woodcock. The Importance of Lifecycle Refrigerant Management in Climate and Ozone Protection. Sustainability 2025, 17 (1) , 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17010053
    16. Bowei Li, Jiahuan Huang, Xiaoyi Hu, Lulu Zhang, Mengyue Ma, Liting Hu, Di Chen, Qianna Du, Yahui Sun, Zhouxiang Cai, Ao Chen, Xinhe Li, Rui Feng, Ronald G. Prinn, Xuekun Fang. CCl4 emissions in eastern China during 2021–2022 and exploration of potential new sources. Nature Communications 2024, 15 (1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45981-x
    17. Heping Liu, Huabo Duan, Ning Zhang, Yin Ma, Gang Liu, Travis Reed Miller, Ruichang Mao, Ming Xu, Jinhui Li, Jiakuan Yang. Rethinking time-lagged emissions and abatement potential of fluorocarbons in the post-Kigali Amendment era. Nature Communications 2024, 15 (1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-51113-2
    18. Xiaoyi Hu, Bo Yao, Jens Mühle, Robert C. Rhew, Paul J. Fraser, Simon O’Doherty, Ronald G. Prinn, Xuekun Fang. Unexplained high and persistent methyl bromide emissions in China. Nature Communications 2024, 15 (1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-53188-3
    19. Xu Zhang, Bo Yao, Jing Wu, Liying Yi, Pengnan Jiang, Fuli Bai, Ziwei Chen, Xingchen Zhao, Simon O’Doherty, Weiguang Xu, Jianxin Hu. Atmospheric observation and emission estimation of HFC-125 and HFC-32 in China from four representative cities. Science of The Total Environment 2024, 951 , 175575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175575
    20. Yuzhe Liu, Wenbin Weng, Qi Zhang, Qing Li, Jiaying Xu, Lixin Zheng, Yi Su, Di Wu, Weizhuo Yan, Jie Zhang, Jianmin Chen, Bo Yao. Ozone‐Depleting Substances Unintendedly Emitted From Iron and Steel Industry: CFCs, HCFCs, Halons and Halogenated Very Short‐Lived Substances. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 2024, 129 (17) https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD041035
    21. Yanli Liang, Yang Tang, Wei Zou, Xiaoyan Ma, Jie Yan. Promoted hydrodechlorination performance of fluorochloroalkanes via constructing defective active carbon. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2024, 84 , 296-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.06.404
    22. Yuyang Chen, Bo Yao, Jing Wu, Honglong Yang, Ao Ding, Song Liu, Xicheng Li, Simon O’Doherty, Juan Li, Yali Li, Haibo Yu, Wenli Wang, Liqu Chen, Xin Yang, Tzung-May Fu, Huizhong Shen, Jianhuai Ye, Chen Wang, Lei Zhu. Observations and emission constraints of trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) in southeastern China: first-year results from a new AGAGE station. Environmental Research Letters 2024, 19 (7) , 074043. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad5857
    23. Mengyue Ma, Xiaoyi Hu, Bo Yao, Bowei Li, Minde An, Xuekun Fang. CFC‐12 Emissions in China Inferred From Observation and Inverse Modeling. Geophysical Research Letters 2024, 51 (12) https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL109541
    24. Dayu Zhang, Jing Wu, Zehua Liu, Tong Wang, Dongmei Hu, Lin Peng. Changes in HCFC emissions from foam sector in eastern China from 2000-2019. Environmental Research Communications 2024, 6 (6) , 061001. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad4fe1
    25. Yuanyuan Ji, Hao Zhang, Xiaoyu Yan, Yunfeng Li, Fahe Chai, Hong Li. A review on atmospheric volatile halogenated hydrocarbons in China: ambient levels, trends and human health risks. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 2024, 17 (2) , 389-400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-023-01449-3
    26. Yimiao Huang, Xiaokuan Zhao, Ruochen Zhang, Panpan Xie, Guixiang Xue, Guowei Ma. Environmental economic profiles of expressway construction via life cycle assessment. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 2024, 104 , 107359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2023.107359
    27. Liya Guo, Yang Yang, Paul J. Fraser, Guus J. M. Velders, Zhu Liu, Duo Cui, Jiayu Quan, Zhouxiang Cai, Bo Yao, Jianxin Hu, Xuekun Fang. Projected increases in emissions of high global warming potential fluorinated gases in China. Communications Earth & Environment 2023, 4 (1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00859-6
    28. Xiangyu Zeng, Wei Wang, Changgong Shan, Yu Xie, Qianqian Zhu, Peng Wu, Bin Liang, Cheng Liu. Detection of Atmospheric Hydrofluorocarbon-22 with Ground-Based Remote High-Resolution Fourier Transform Spectroscopy over Hefei and an Estimation of Emissions in the Yangtze River Delta. Remote Sensing 2023, 15 (23) , 5590. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15235590
    29. Sandhiya Lakshmanan, Vikas Kumar Maurya, Avdhesh Kumar, Madhulika Bhati. Mitigation potential of banned hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) towards global warming – An assessment of Kigali Amendment in the Indian scenario. Journal of Cleaner Production 2023, 428 , 139315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.139315
    30. Hui He, Zhonghui Huang, Danping Xie, Wang Liu, Zhongkun Huang, Xinming Wang, Yanli Zhang, Zhou Zhang, Leifeng Yang, Wensen Zhan, Jiangbo Peng, Mingjian Huang, Manning Xu. Spatio-seasonal characterization and emissions estimation of ozone-depleting substances in the Pearl River Delta, China. Atmospheric Environment 2023, 310 , 119982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.119982
    31. Jing Wu, Shan Ding, Xuekun Fang, Fuli Bai, Tong Li, Jing Wang, Dayu Zhang, Tengfei Ma, Liying Yi, Jianxin Hu. Banks, emissions, and environmental impacts of China's ozone depletion substances and hydrofluorocarbon substitutes during 1980–2020. Science of The Total Environment 2023, 882 , 163586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163586
    32. Pengcheng Wu, Li Zhang, Bo Yao, Bofeng Cai, Yifang Zhu, Hui Liu, Pengling Wang, Lisha Liu, Yanwei Dou, Han Yan, Yijun Liu, Zixuan Xie, Lingyun Pang, Libin Cao, Yimeng Ren, Xin Bo. Spatialization of Chinese R-410A emissions from the room air-conditioning sector. Environment, Development and Sustainability 2023, 25 (6) , 5263-5281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02264-z
    33. Hongzeng Ji, Jinchen Pei, Jingyang Cai, Chen Ding, Fen Guo, Yichun Wang. Review of Recent Advances in Transcritical CO2 Heat Pump and Refrigeration Cycles and Their Development in the Vehicle Field. Energies 2023, 16 (10) , 4011. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16104011
    34. Xinhe Li, Bowei Li, Yang Yang, Liting Hu, Di Chen, Xiaoyi Hu, Rui Feng, Xuekun Fang. Characteristics and source apportionment of some halocarbons in Hangzhou, eastern China during 2021. Science of The Total Environment 2023, 865 , 160894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160894
    35. Shan Ding, Jing Wu, Jing Wang, Tengfei Ma, Dayu Zhang, Dongmei Hu, Yueling Zhang. Establishment of HFC-134a Emission Inventory in the North China Plain from 1995 to 2020. Atmosphere 2023, 14 (3) , 501. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14030501
    36. Ao Chen, Di Chen, Xiaoyi Hu, Christina M. Harth, Dickon Young, Jens Mühle, Paul B. Krummel, Simon O'Doherty, Ray F. Weiss, Ronald G. Prinn, Xuekun Fang. Historical trend of ozone-depleting substances and hydrofluorocarbon concentrations during 2004–2020 derived from satellite observations and estimates for global emissions. Environmental Pollution 2023, 316 , 120570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120570
    37. Yang Yang, Xinhe Li, Bowei Li, Xiaoyi Hu, Xuekun Fang. Concentrations and emissions of trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC-113) from eastern china inferred from atmospheric observations. Environmental Research Communications 2022, 4 (12) , 121003. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/aca3f0
    38. Xiaoyi Hu, Bo Yao, Xuekun Fang. Anthropogenic emissions of ozone-depleting substance CH3Cl during 2000–2020 in China. Environmental Pollution 2022, 310 , 119903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119903
    39. Xue-Ying XIANG, Xing-Chen ZHAO, Peng-Nan JIANG, Jia WANG, Ding Gao, Fu-Li BAI, Min-De AN, Li-Ying YI, Jing WU, Jian-Xin HU. Scenario analysis of hydrofluorocarbons emission reduction in China's mobile air-conditioning sector. Advances in Climate Change Research 2022, 13 (4) , 578-586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2022.04.006
    40. Yan Yu, Honghui Xu, Bo Yao, Jingjiao Pu, Yujun Jiang, Qianli Ma, Xuekun Fang, Simon O'Doherty, Liqu Chen, Jun He. Estimate of hydrochlorofluorocarbon emissions during 2011–2018 in the Yangtze River Delta, China. Environmental Pollution 2022, 307 , 119517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119517
    41. Fiza Shaheen, Khalid Zaman, Muhammad Saeed Lodhi, Abdelmohsen A. Nassani, Mohamed Haffar, Muhammad Moinuddin Qazi Abro. Do affluent nations value a clean environment and preserve it? Evaluating the N-shaped environmental Kuznets curve. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2022, 29 (31) , 47267-47285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19104-2
    42. Xin Liu, Xinyu Lu, Yahui Feng, Ling Zhang, Zengwei Yuan. Recycled WEEE plastics in China: Generation trend and environmental impacts. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2022, 177 , 105978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105978
    43. Hao Zhang, Yuanyuan Ji, Zhenhai Wu, Liang Peng, Jiemeng Bao, Zhijian Peng, Hong Li. Atmospheric volatile halogenated hydrocarbons in air pollution episodes in an urban area of Beijing: Characterization, health risk assessment and sources apportionment. Science of The Total Environment 2022, 806 , 150283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150283
    44. Xinhe Li, Bowei Li, Yang Yang, Liting Hu, Di Chen, Xiaoyi Hu, Rui Feng, Liya Guo, Xuekun Fang. Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Halocarbons in Hangzhou, Eastern China. SSRN Electronic Journal 2022, 12 https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4162360
    45. Luke M. Western, Alison L. Redington, Alistair J. Manning, Cathy M. Trudinger, Lei Hu, Stephan Henne, Xuekun Fang, Lambert J. M. Kuijpers, Christina Theodoridi, David S. Godwin, Jgor Arduini, Bronwyn Dunse, Andreas Engel, Paul J. Fraser, Christina M. Harth, Paul B. Krummel, Michela Maione, Jens Mühle, Simon O'Doherty, Hyeri Park, Sunyoung Park, Stefan Reimann, Peter K. Salameh, Daniel Say, Roland Schmidt, Tanja Schuck, Carolina Siso, Kieran M. Stanley, Isaac Vimont, Martin K. Vollmer, Dickon Young, Ronald G. Prinn, Ray F. Weiss, Stephen A. Montzka, Matthew Rigby. A renewed rise in global HCFC-141b emissions between 2017–2021. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2022, 22 (14) , 9601-9616. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9601-2022
    46. Xiangyu Zeng, Wei Wang, Cheng Liu, Changgong Shan, Yu Xie, Peng Wu, Qianqian Zhu, Minqiang Zhou, Martine De Mazière, Emmanuel Mahieu, Irene Pardo Cantos, Jamal Makkor, Alexander Polyakov. Retrieval of atmospheric CFC-11 and CFC-12 from high-resolution FTIR observations at Hefei and comparisons with other independent datasets. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 2022, 15 (22) , 6739-6754. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6739-2022
    47. Francesco N. Tubiello, Kevin Karl, Alessandro Flammini, Johannes Gütschow, Griffiths Obli-Laryea​​​​​​​, Giulia Conchedda, Xueyao Pan, Sally Yue Qi, Hörn Halldórudóttir Heiðarsdóttir, Nathan Wanner, Roberta Quadrelli, Leonardo Rocha Souza, Philippe Benoit, Matthew Hayek, David Sandalow, Erik Mencos Contreras​​​​​​​, Cynthia Rosenzweig, Jose Rosero Moncayo, Piero Conforti, Maximo Torero. Pre- and post-production processes increasingly dominate greenhouse gas emissions from agri-food systems. Earth System Science Data 2022, 14 (4) , 1795-1809. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1795-2022
    48. Xiaoli Wei, Hong Yang, Bing Liu, Houlin Yu, Chuanzhao Wang, Sen Wu, Zhongsheng Jia, Wenfeng Han. Synthesis of titanium oxyfluoride with oxygen vacancy as novel catalysts for pyrolysis of fluorinated greenhouse gasses to hydrofluoroolefins. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 2021, 129 , 189-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2021.09.012
    49. Minde An, Luke M. Western, Daniel Say, Liqu Chen, Tom Claxton, Anita L. Ganesan, Ryan Hossaini, Paul B. Krummel, Alistair J. Manning, Jens Mühle, Simon O’Doherty, Ronald G. Prinn, Ray F. Weiss, Dickon Young, Jianxin Hu, Bo Yao, Matthew Rigby. Rapid increase in dichloromethane emissions from China inferred through atmospheric observations. Nature Communications 2021, 12 (1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27592-y
    50. Liying Yi, Jing Wu, Minde An, Weiguang Xu, Xuekun Fang, Bo Yao, Yixi Li, Ding Gao, Xingchen Zhao, Jianxin Hu. The atmospheric concentrations and emissions of major halocarbons in China during 2009–2019. Environmental Pollution 2021, 284 , 117190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117190
    51. Sunyoung Park, Luke M. Western, Takuya Saito, Alison L. Redington, Stephan Henne, Xuekun Fang, Ronald G. Prinn, Alistair J. Manning, Stephen A. Montzka, Paul J. Fraser, Anita L. Ganesan, Christina M. Harth, Jooil Kim, Paul B. Krummel, Qing Liang, Jens Mühle, Simon O’Doherty, Hyeri Park, Mi-Kyung Park, Stefan Reimann, Peter K. Salameh, Ray F. Weiss, Matthew Rigby. A decline in emissions of CFC-11 and related chemicals from eastern China. Nature 2021, 590 (7846) , 433-437. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03277-w
    52. Saksham Jain, Richa Yadav, Abhinav Garg, Ayush Gupta, Trina Som. Fabrication of an energy dual-axis solar tracking system and performance analyses through optimal values of solar panel parameters. 2021, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMRE52042.2021.9386905
    53. Minmin Yang, Fengchun Yang, Hongli Li, Tao Li, Fangfang Cao, Xiaoling Nie, Jiebo Zhen, Panyan Li, Yan Wang. CFCs measurements at high altitudes in northern China during 2017–2018: Concentrations and potential emission source regions. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 754 , 142290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142290
    54. Karina E. Adcock, Paul J. Fraser, Brad D. Hall, Ray L. Langenfelds, Geoffrey Lee, Stephen A. Montzka, David E. Oram, Thomas Röckmann, Fred Stroh, William T. Sturges, Bärbel Vogel, Johannes C. Laube. Aircraft‐Based Observations of Ozone‐Depleting Substances in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere in and Above the Asian Summer Monsoon. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 2021, 126 (1) https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033137
    55. Yan Yu, Honghui Xu, Bo Yao, Jingjiao Pu, Yujun Jiang, Qianli Ma, Liqu Chen, Jun He. Estimate of Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) Emission Variations During 2011-2018 in the Yangtze River Delta, China. SSRN Electronic Journal 2021, 8 https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3939419
    56. Leonardo G. Lascane, Eliezer F. Oliveira, Douglas S. Galvão, Augusto Batagin-Neto. Polyfuran-based chemical sensors: Identification of promising derivatives via DFT calculations and fully atomistic reactive molecular dynamics. European Polymer Journal 2020, 141 , 110085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110085
    57. Daniel S. Akoto, Samuel T. Partey, Manfred Denich, Michael Kwaku, Christian Borgemeister, Christine B. Schmitt. Environmental and financial assessment of producing bioenergy from Bambusa balcooa, Anogeissus leiocarpa and Senna siamea in Ghana. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 275 , 123147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123147
    58. Jingjiao Pu, Honghui Xu, Bo Yao, Yan Yu, Yujun Jiang, Qianli Ma, Liqu Chen. Estimate of Hydrofluorocarbon Emissions for 2012–16 in the Yangtze River Delta, China. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020, 37 (6) , 576-585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-020-9242-3
    59. Pallav Purohit, Lena Höglund-Isaksson, John Dulac, Nihar Shah, Max Wei, Peter Rafaj, Wolfgang Schöpp. Electricity savings and greenhouse gas emission reductions from global phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2020, 20 (19) , 11305-11327. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11305-2020
    60. Penggang Zheng, Tianshu Chen, Can Dong, Yuhong Liu, Hongyong Li, Guangxuan Han, Jingjing Sun, Lin Wu, Xiaomei Gao, Xinfeng Wang, Yanbin Qi, Qingzhu Zhang, Wenxing Wang, Likun Xue. Characteristics and sources of halogenated hydrocarbons in the Yellow River Delta region, northern China. Atmospheric Research 2019, 225 , 70-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.03.039
    61. X. Fang, B. Yao, M. K. Vollmer, S. Reimann, L. Liu, L. Chen, R. G. Prinn, J. Hu. Changes in HCFC Emissions in China During 2011–2017. Geophysical Research Letters 2019, 46 (16) , 10034-10042. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083169
    62. M. Rigby, S. Park, T. Saito, L. M. Western, A. L. Redington, X. Fang, S. Henne, A. J. Manning, R. G. Prinn, G. S. Dutton, P. J. Fraser, A. L. Ganesan, B. D. Hall, C. M. Harth, J. Kim, K.-R. Kim, P. B. Krummel, T. Lee, S. Li, Q. Liang, M. F. Lunt, S. A. Montzka, J. Mühle, S. O’Doherty, M.-K. Park, S. Reimann, P. K. Salameh, P. Simmonds, R. L. Tunnicliffe, R. F. Weiss, Y. Yokouchi, D. Young. Increase in CFC-11 emissions from eastern China based on atmospheric observations. Nature 2019, 569 (7757) , 546-550. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1193-4
    63. A. F. Bais, G. Bernhard, R. L. McKenzie, P. J. Aucamp, P. J. Young, M. Ilyas, P. Jöckel, M. Deushi. Ozone—climate interactions and effects on solar ultraviolet radiation. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 2019, 18 (3) , 602-640. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8pp90059k
    Download PDF
    Go to Environmental Science & Technology
    Get e-Alerts
    Get e-Alerts

    Environmental Science & Technology

    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2018, 52, 19, 11359–11366
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b01280
    Published August 22, 2018
    Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

    Article Views

    2687

    Altmetric

    -

    Citations

    63
    Learn about these metrics

    Article Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.

    Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.

    The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated.