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In-Use Performance and Durability of Particle Filters on Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks

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Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:Environ. Sci. Technol. 2018, 52, 20, 11913-11921
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    In-Use Performance and Durability of Particle Filters on Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks
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    • Chelsea V. Preble*
      Chelsea V. Preble
      Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
      Environmental Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
      *E-mail: [email protected]
      More by Chelsea V. Preble
      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-6489-5718
    • Troy E. Cados
      Troy E. Cados
      Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
      Environmental Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
      More by Troy E. Cados
    • Robert A. Harley
      Robert A. Harley
      Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
      Environmental Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
      More by Robert A. Harley
    • Thomas W. Kirchstetter
      Thomas W. Kirchstetter
      Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
      Environmental Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
      More by Thomas W. Kirchstetter
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    Environmental Science & Technology

    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2018, 52, 20, 11913–11921
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02977
    Published August 28, 2018
    Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Diesel particle filters (DPFs) are standard equipment on heavy-duty diesel trucks with 2007 and newer engines in the U.S. This study evaluates the performance and durability of these filters. Black carbon (BC) emission rates from several thousand heavy-duty trucks were measured at the Port of Oakland and Caldecott Tunnel over multiple years as California regulations accelerated the adoption of DPFs. As DPF use increased, fleet-average BC emissions decreased, and emission factor distributions became more skewed. Relative to 2004–2006 engines without filters, DPFs reduced BC emission rates by 65–70% for 2007–2009 engines and by >90% for 2010+ engines. Average BC emission rates for 2007–2009 engines increased by 50–67% in 2015 relative to measurements made 1–2 years earlier. Some trucks in this cohort have become high-emitters, indicating that some DPFs are no longer working well. At the Port, where DPFs were universal in 2015, high-emitting 2007–2009 engines (defined here as emitting >1 g BC kg–1) comprised 7% of the fleet but were responsible for 65% of the total BC emitted. These observations raise concerns about DPF durability and the prospects for fully mitigating adverse effects of diesel particulate matter on human health and the environment.

    Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02977.

    • Map and pictures of sampling locations; summary tables of average black carbon emission rates (g kg–1) by sampling calendar year at each location (PDF)

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    This article is cited by 15 publications.

    1. Tianyi Ma, Zisimos Toumasatos, Tianbo Tang, Thomas D. Durbin, Kent C. Johnson, Georgios Karavalakis. Real-World Particle Emissions from a Modern Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicle during Normal Operation and DPF Regeneration Events: Impacts on Disadvantaged Communities. Environmental Science & Technology 2025, 59 (1) , 699-708. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c12448
    2. Rebecca A. Sugrue, Chelsea V. Preble, Anna G. Tarplin, Thomas W. Kirchstetter. In-Use Passenger Vessel Emission Rates of Black Carbon and Nitrogen Oxides. Environmental Science & Technology 2022, 56 (12) , 7679-7686. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c00435
    3. Sofia D. Hamilton, Robert A. Harley. High-Resolution Modeling and Apportionment of Diesel-Related Contributions to Black Carbon Concentrations. Environmental Science & Technology 2021, 55 (18) , 12250-12260. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c03913
    4. Chelsea V. Preble, Robert A. Harley, Thomas W. Kirchstetter. Control Technology-Driven Changes to In-Use Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck Emissions of Nitrogenous Species and Related Environmental Impacts. Environmental Science & Technology 2019, 53 (24) , 14568-14576. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b04763
    5. Molly J. Haugen, Gary A. Bishop, Arvind Thiruvengadam, Daniel K. Carder. Evaluation of Heavy- and Medium-Duty On-Road Vehicle Emissions in California’s South Coast Air Basin. Environmental Science & Technology 2018, 52 (22) , 13298-13305. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b03994
    6. Binyu Yang, Qingyang Zhu, Wenhao Wang, Qiao Zhu, Danlu Zhang, Zhihao Jin, Prachi Prasad, Mohammad Sowlat, Payam Pakbin, Faraz Ahangar, Sina Hasheminassab, Yang Liu. Impact of Warehouse Expansion on Ambient PM 2.5 and Elemental Carbon Levels in Southern California's Disadvantaged Communities: A Two‐Decade Analysis. GeoHealth 2024, 8 (9) https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GH001091
    7. Markus Knoll, Martin Penz, Hannes Juchem, Christina Schmidt, Denis Pöhler, Alexander Bergmann. Large-scale automated emission measurement of individual vehicles with point sampling. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 2024, 17 (8) , 2481-2505. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2481-2024
    8. Topi Rönkkö, Sanna Saarikoski, Niina Kuittinen, Panu Karjalainen, Helmi Keskinen, Anssi Järvinen, Fanni Mylläri, Päivi Aakko-Saksa, Hilkka Timonen. Review of black carbon emission factors from different anthropogenic sources. Environmental Research Letters 2023, 18 (3) , 033004. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acbb1b
    9. Blake Actkinson, Robert J. Griffin. Detecting plumes in mobile air quality monitoring time series with density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 2023, 16 (14) , 3547-3559. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3547-2023
    10. Xiaotian Hao, Hailong Wang, . Influence of New Energy Materials on Dynamic Interaction between Surrounding Rock and Structure of Heavy‐Duty Railway in Small Clearance Crossing Tunnel. Journal of Nanomaterials 2022, 2022 (1) https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2928601
    11. Helen L. Fitzmaurice, Ronald C. Cohen. A method for using stationary networks to observe long-term trends of on-road emission factors of primary aerosol from heavy-duty vehicles. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2022, 22 (23) , 15403-15411. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15403-2022
    12. Helen L. Fitzmaurice, Alexander J. Turner, Jinsol Kim, Katherine Chan, Erin R. Delaria, Catherine Newman, Paul Wooldridge, Ronald C. Cohen. Assessing vehicle fuel efficiency using a dense network of CO 2 observations. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2022, 22 (6) , 3891-3900. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3891-2022
    13. R U Shah, E S Robinson, P Gu, J S Apte, J D Marshall, A L Robinson, A A Presto. Socio-economic disparities in exposure to urban restaurant emissions are larger than for traffic. Environmental Research Letters 2020, 15 (11) , 114039. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abbc92
    14. Liyuan Zhou, Åsa M. Hallquist, Mattias Hallquist, Christian M. Salvador, Samuel M. Gaita, Åke Sjödin, Martin Jerksjö, Håkan Salberg, Ingvar Wängberg, Johan Mellqvist, Qianyun Liu, Berto P. Lee, Chak K. Chan. A transition of atmospheric emissions of particles and gases from on-road heavy-duty trucks. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2020, 20 (3) , 1701-1722. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1701-2020
    15. Rishabh U. Shah, Ellis S. Robinson, Peishi Gu, Allen L. Robinson, Joshua S. Apte, Albert A. Presto. High-spatial-resolution mapping and source apportionment of aerosol composition in Oakland, California, using mobile aerosol mass spectrometry. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2018, 18 (22) , 16325-16344. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16325-2018
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    Environmental Science & Technology

    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2018, 52, 20, 11913–11921
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02977
    Published August 28, 2018
    Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

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