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An Integrated Multilevel Analysis Profiling Biosafety and Toxicity Induced by Indium- and Cadmium-Based Quantum Dots in Vivo

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    An Integrated Multilevel Analysis Profiling Biosafety and Toxicity Induced by Indium- and Cadmium-Based Quantum Dots in Vivo
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    • Mariateresa Allocca
      Mariateresa Allocca
      Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti “E. Caianiello”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
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    • Lucia Mattera
      Lucia Mattera
      Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC-SyMMES, STEP, 38000 Grenoble, France
      More by Lucia Mattera
    • Antonella Bauduin
      Antonella Bauduin
      Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti “E. Caianiello”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
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    • Beata Miedziak
      Beata Miedziak
      Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti “E. Caianiello”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
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    • Maria Moros
      Maria Moros
      Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti “E. Caianiello”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
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    • Luca De Trizio
      Luca De Trizio
      Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-1514-6358
    • Angela Tino
      Angela Tino
      Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti “E. Caianiello”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
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      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-9673-1064
    • Peter Reiss
      Peter Reiss
      Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC-SyMMES, STEP, 38000 Grenoble, France
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      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-9563-238X
    • Alfredo Ambrosone*
      Alfredo Ambrosone
      Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 134D, 80084 Fisciano, Italy
      *(A.A.) E-mail: [email protected]
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    • Claudia Tortiglione*
      Claudia Tortiglione
      Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti “E. Caianiello”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
      *(C.T.) E-mail: [email protected]
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      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-1447-7611
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    Environmental Science & Technology

    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2019, 53, 7, 3938–3947
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b00373
    Published March 1, 2019
    Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Indium phosphide quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as a new class of fluorescent nanocrystals for manifold applications, from biophotonics to nanomedicine. Recent efforts in improving the photoluminescence quantum yield, the chemical stability and the biocompatibility turned them into a valid alternative to well established Cd-based nanocrystals. In vitro studies provided first evidence for the lower toxicity of In-based QDs. Nonetheless, an urgent need exists for further assessment of the potential toxic effects in vivo. Here we use the freshwater polyp Hydra vulgaris, a well-established model previously adopted to assess the toxicity of CdSe/CdS nanorods and CdTe QDs. A systematic multilevel analysis was carried out in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro comparing toxicity end points of CdSe- and InP-based QDs, passivated by ZnSe/ZnS shells and surface functionalized with penicillamine. Final results demonstrate that both the chemical composition of the QD core (InP vs CdSe) and the shell play a crucial role for final outcomes. Remarkably, in absence of in vivo alterations, cell and molecular alterations revealed hidden toxicity aspects, highlighting the biosafety of InP-based nanocrystals and outlining the importance of integrated multilevel analyses for proper QDs risk assessment.

    Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00373.

    • S1: Synthesis of InPZnS alloy nanocrystals. S2: Surface modification of QDs with Pen, S-3. Characterization of the QDs. Table S1: Primer sequences used in qRT-PCR analyses. Table S2: Hydrodynamic diameter, zeta-potential and QY values of the used In-and Cd-based QDs. Table S3. Morphological changes and associated scores for toxicological assessment in Hydra (PDF)

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    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2019, 53, 7, 3938–3947
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b00373
    Published March 1, 2019
    Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

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