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    Article

    Glucose as a Potential Chemical Marker for Ice Nucleating Activity in Arctic Seawater and Melt Pond Samples
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    • Sebastian Zeppenfeld
      Sebastian Zeppenfeld
      Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
      More by Sebastian Zeppenfeld
    • Manuela van Pinxteren
      Manuela van Pinxteren
      Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
      More by Manuela van Pinxteren
    • Markus Hartmann
      Markus Hartmann
      Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics Department, Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
      More by Markus Hartmann
    • Astrid Bracher
      Astrid Bracher
      Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
      Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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    • Frank Stratmann
      Frank Stratmann
      Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics Department, Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
      More by Frank Stratmann
    • Hartmut Herrmann*
      Hartmut Herrmann
      Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
      *E-mail: [email protected]
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      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-7044-2101
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    Environmental Science & Technology

    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2019, 53, 15, 8747–8756
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b01469
    Published June 28, 2019
    Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Recent studies pointed to a high ice nucleating activity (INA) in the Arctic sea surface microlayer (SML). However, related chemical information is still sparse. In the present study, INA and free glucose concentrations were quantified in Arctic SML and bulk water samples from the marginal ice zone, the ice-free ocean, melt ponds, and open waters within the ice pack. T50 (defining INA) ranged from −17.4 to −26.8 °C. Glucose concentrations varied from 0.6 to 51 μg/L with highest values in the SML from the marginal ice zone and melt ponds (median 16.3 and 13.5 μg/L) and lower values in the SML from the ice pack and the ice-free ocean (median 3.9 and 4.0 μg/L). Enrichment factors between the SML and the bulk ranged from 0.4 to 17. A positive correlation was observed between free glucose concentration and INA in Arctic water samples (T50(°C) = (−25.6 ± 0.6) + (0.15 ± 0.04)·Glucose(μg/L), RP = 0.66, n = 74). Clustering water samples based on phytoplankton pigment composition resulted in robust but different correlations within the four clusters (RP between 0.67 and 0.96), indicating a strong link to phytoplankton-related processes. Since glucose did not show significant INA itself, free glucose may serve as a potential tracer for INA in Arctic water samples.

    Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01469.

    • Locations of water sampling (SML and bulk) during cruise PASCAL/SiPCA; T50 plotted against free glucose concentration including all collected Arctic and Atlantic seawater samples; fraction frozen curves of glucose standard solutions; dendrogramm derived from hierarchical cluster analysis; TChl-a concentration and fractional phytoplankton composition in Arctic water samples; previous studies of INA in Arctic SML and bulk water samples; detailed sample information; details about the analysis of free glucose (PDF)

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    Environmental Science & Technology

    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2019, 53, 15, 8747–8756
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b01469
    Published June 28, 2019
    Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

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