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Glycosylation of Tetrabromobisphenol A in Pumpkin
- Xingwang HouXingwang HouState Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, ChinaMore by Xingwang Hou,
- Miao YuMiao YuDepartment of Environmental Medical and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United StatesMore by Miao Yu,
- Aifeng LiuAifeng LiuCAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, ChinaMore by Aifeng Liu,
- Xiaoyun WangXiaoyun WangState Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, ChinaMore by Xiaoyun Wang,
- Yanlin LiYanlin LiDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United StatesMore by Yanlin Li,
- Jiyan Liu*Jiyan Liu*Phone: 8610-62849334; fax: 8610-62849339; e-mail: [email protected]State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, ChinaMore by Jiyan Liu,
- Jerald L. SchnoorJerald L. SchnoorDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United StatesMore by Jerald L. Schnoor, and
- Guibin JiangGuibin JiangState Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, ChinaMore by Guibin Jiang
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is the most widely used brominated flame retardant (BFR), and it bioaccumulates throughout the food chains. Its fate in the first trophic level, plants, is of special interest. In this study, a four-day hydroponic exposure of TBBPA at a concentration of 1 μmol L–1 to pumpkin seedlings was conducted. A nontarget screening method for hydrophilic bromine-containing metabolites was modified, based on both typical isotope patterns of bromine and mass defect, and used to process mass spectra data. A total of 20 glycosylation and malonyl glycosylation metabolites were found for TBBPA in the pumpkin plants. Representative glycosyl TBBPA reference standards were synthesized to evaluate the contribution of this glycosylation process. Approximately 86% of parent TBBPA was metabolized to form those 20 glycosyl TBBPAs, showing that glycosylation was the most dominant metabolism pathway for TBBPA in pumpkin at the tested exposure concentration.
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