Estimating Daily PM2.5 and PM10 over Italy Using an Ensemble ModelClick to copy article linkArticle link copied!
- Alexandra Shtein*Alexandra Shtein*E-mail: [email protected]Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, IsraelMore by Alexandra Shtein
- Itai KloogItai KloogDepartment of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, IsraelMore by Itai Kloog
- Joel SchwartzJoel SchwartzDepartment of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston 02115, Massachusetts, United StatesMore by Joel Schwartz
- Camillo Silibello
- Paola MichelozziPaola MichelozziDepartment of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome 00147, ItalyMore by Paola Michelozzi
- Claudio GariazzoClaudio GariazzoOccupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone (RM) 00078, ItalyMore by Claudio Gariazzo
- Giovanni ViegiGiovanni ViegiInstitute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo 90146, ItalyMore by Giovanni Viegi
- Francesco ForastiereFrancesco ForastiereInstitute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo 90146, ItalyEnvironmental Research Group, King’s College, London SE1 9NH, U.K.More by Francesco Forastiere
- Arnon KarnieliArnon KarnieliJacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker Campus 84990, IsraelMore by Arnon Karnieli
- Allan C. JustAllan C. JustDepartment of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United StatesMore by Allan C. Just
- Massimo StafoggiaMassimo StafoggiaDepartment of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome 00147, ItalyInstitute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, SwedenMore by Massimo Stafoggia
Abstract
Spatiotemporally resolved particulate matter (PM) estimates are essential for reconstructing long and short-term exposures in epidemiological research. Improved estimates of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were produced over Italy for 2013–2015 using satellite remote-sensing data and an ensemble modeling approach. The following modeling stages were used: (1) missing values of the satellite-based aerosol optical depth (AOD) product were imputed using a spatiotemporal land-use random-forest (RF) model incorporating AOD data from atmospheric ensemble models; (2) daily PM estimations were produced using four modeling approaches: linear mixed effects, RF, extreme gradient boosting, and a chemical transport model, the flexible air quality regional model. The filled-in MAIAC AOD together with additional spatial and temporal predictors were used as inputs in the three first models; (3) a geographically weighted generalized additive model (GAM) ensemble model was used to fuse the estimations from the four models by allowing the weights of each model to vary over space and time. The GAM ensemble model outperformed the four separate models, decreasing the cross-validated root mean squared error by 1–42%, depending on the model. The spatiotemporally resolved PM estimations produced by the suggested model can be applied in future epidemiological studies across Italy.
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