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Landfill Gas: A Major Pathway for Neutral Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Release
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    Occurrence, Fate, and Transport of Contaminants in Indoor Air and Atmosphere

    Landfill Gas: A Major Pathway for Neutral Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Release
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    • Ashley M. Lin
      Ashley M. Lin
      Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
    • Jake T. Thompson
      Jake T. Thompson
      Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
    • Jeremy P. Koelmel
      Jeremy P. Koelmel
      School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
    • Yalan Liu
      Yalan Liu
      Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
      Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatics Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
      More by Yalan Liu
    • John A. Bowden
      John A. Bowden
      Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
      Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology and Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
    • Timothy G. Townsend*
      Timothy G. Townsend
      Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
      *Phone: 352-392-0846. Fax: 352-392-3076. E-mail: [email protected]
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    Environmental Science & Technology Letters

    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 2024, 11, 7, 730–737
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00364
    Published June 26, 2024
    Copyright © 2024 American Chemical Society

    Abstract

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    The undisclosed and ubiquitous use of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in consumer products has led to a growing issue of environmental pollution, particularly within the solid waste community, where the fate of volatile (neutral) PFAS in landfilled refuse is not well understood. Here, three municipal solid waste landfills in Florida were assessed for neutral PFAS in landfill gas and ionic PFAS in landfill leachate to compare the relative mobility between the two pathways. Landfill gas was directly sampled using a high volume, XAD-2 resin based sampling approach developed for adsorption and analysis of 27 neutral PFAS. Across sites, 13 neutral PFAS were identified from fluorotelomer alcohol (FTOH), fluorotelomer olefin (FTO), secondary FTOH, fluorotelomer acetate (FTOAc), and fluorotelomer methyl acrylate (FTMAc) classes; however, FTOHs dominated concentrations (87–97% total neutral PFAS), with most detections surpassing utilized calibration levels. Even under conservative assumptions, the mass of fluorine leaving in landfill gas (32–76%) was comparable to or greater than the mass leaving in landfill leachate (24–68%). These findings suggest that landfill gas, a less scrutinized byproduct, serves as a major pathway for the mobility of PFAS from landfills.

    Copyright © 2024 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00364.

    • Acronyms, structures, and instrumental parameters for neutral PFAS via GC-HRMS and ionic PFAS via LC-MS/MS; detailed QC information and results; and fluorine mass balance/extrapolation details and assumptions (PDF)

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    Environmental Science & Technology Letters

    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 2024, 11, 7, 730–737
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00364
    Published June 26, 2024
    Copyright © 2024 American Chemical Society

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