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Detection of Active Microbial Enzymes in Nascent Sea Spray Aerosol: Implications for Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate

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Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 2019, 6, 3, 171-177
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    Detection of Active Microbial Enzymes in Nascent Sea Spray Aerosol: Implications for Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate
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    • Francesca Malfatti*
      Francesca Malfatti
      Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
      OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale), Trieste 34100, Italy
      *E-mail: [email protected]
      More by Francesca Malfatti
      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-0957-9288
    • Christopher Lee
      Christopher Lee
      Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-5329-9750
    • Tinkara Tinta
      Tinkara Tinta
      Marine Biology Station, National Institute of Biology, Piran 6330, Slovenia
      Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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    • Matthew A. Pendergraft
      Matthew A. Pendergraft
      Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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    • Mauro Celussi
      Mauro Celussi
      OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale), Trieste 34100, Italy
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    • Yanyan Zhou
      Yanyan Zhou
      State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of the MOE for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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    • Camille M. Sultana
      Camille M. Sultana
      Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-4038-5518
    • Ana Rotter
      Ana Rotter
      Marine Biology Station, National Institute of Biology, Piran 6330, Slovenia
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    • Jessica L. Axson
      Jessica L. Axson
      Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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    • Douglas B. Collins
      Douglas B. Collins
      Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
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      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-6248-9644
    • Mitchell V. Santander
      Mitchell V. Santander
      Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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    • Alma L. Anides Morales
      Alma L. Anides Morales
      Department of Chemistry, San Diego Miramar College, San Diego, California 92126, United States
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    • Lihini I. Aluwihare
      Lihini I. Aluwihare
      Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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    • Nicole Riemer
      Nicole Riemer
      Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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    • Vicki H. Grassian
      Vicki H. Grassian
      Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
      Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
      Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-5052-0045
    • Farooq Azam
      Farooq Azam
      Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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    • Kimberly A. Prather*
      Kimberly A. Prather
      Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
      Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
      *E-mail: [email protected]
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    Other Access OptionsSupporting Information (1)

    Environmental Science & Technology Letters

    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 2019, 6, 3, 171–177
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00699
    Published February 22, 2019
    Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

    Abstract

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    The oceans cover nearly three-quarters of the Earth’s surface and produce vast quantities of sea spray aerosols (SSA). Studies have shown that due to ocean biology SSA particles are comprised of much more than just sea salt and often include proteins, lipids, sugars, viruses, and bacteria. In this study, we show for the first time that a diverse array of microbial enzymes (protease, lipases, and alkaline phosphatase) are transferred from the ocean into the atmosphere and often become even more active with measured activities in SSA particles that are 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than those in bulk seawater. We hypothesize that these enzymatic reactions are enhanced in the interfacial environment of droplets and aerosols that can dynamically modify surface chemical species and properties. Simulations reveal that enzyme-containing SSA particles can rapidly coagulate with other preexisting aerosols, thus transferring the impact of enzyme reactions to a broad range of marine aerosols. These biotic reaction pathways are expected to profoundly change the composition of marine aerosols, particularly at the interface, and thus will impact cloud properties in marine environments. Future studies are needed to determine how photochemistry, changing ocean conditions in a warming climate, and other external factors will influence the activities of these enzymes and their impact on the composition of the marine atmosphere.

    Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00699.

    • Additional details about the methods and supporting discussion, Figures S1–S4, Tables S1–S6, and references (PDF)

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    This article is cited by 29 publications.

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    10. Elias S. Hasenecz, Chathuri P. Kaluarachchi, Hansol D. Lee, Alexei V. Tivanski, Elizabeth A. Stone. Saccharide Transfer to Sea Spray Aerosol Enhanced by Surface Activity, Calcium, and Protein Interactions. ACS Earth and Space Chemistry 2019, 3 (11) , 2539-2548. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00197
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    Environmental Science & Technology Letters

    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 2019, 6, 3, 171–177
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00699
    Published February 22, 2019
    Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

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