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Density Measurements of Various Molten Sodium, Magnesium, Potassium, and Uranium Chloride Salt Compositions Using Neutron Imaging
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    Thermodynamics, Transport, and Fluid Mechanics

    Density Measurements of Various Molten Sodium, Magnesium, Potassium, and Uranium Chloride Salt Compositions Using Neutron Imaging
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    • Jisue Moon
      Jisue Moon
      Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37830, United States
      More by Jisue Moon
    • Hunter Andrews*
      Hunter Andrews
      Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37830, United States
      *Email: [email protected]
    • Can Agca
      Can Agca
      Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37830, United States
      More by Can Agca
    • Jean-Christophe Bilheux
      Jean-Christophe Bilheux
      Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37830, United States
    • Alexander Braatz
      Alexander Braatz
      Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37830, United States
    • Abbey McAlister
      Abbey McAlister
      Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37830, United States
    • Joanna McFarlane
      Joanna McFarlane
      Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37830, United States
    • Jake McMurray
      Jake McMurray
      Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37830, United States
    • Kevin Robb
      Kevin Robb
      Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37830, United States
      More by Kevin Robb
    • Yuxuan Zhang
      Yuxuan Zhang
      Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37830, United States
      More by Yuxuan Zhang
    Other Access OptionsSupporting Information (1)

    Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research

    Cite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2022, 61, 48, 17665–17673
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02967
    Published November 18, 2022
    Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society

    Abstract

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    With an increased interest in the use of molten salts for energy generation, obtaining thermophysical properties of salt mixtures becomes critical for the understanding of salt performance and behavior. Density is one of the significant thermophysical properties of salt systems. This work presents the density measurement of molten chloride salt mixtures using neutron imaging. This work was performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory High-Flux Isotope Reactor. Resulting densities as a function of temperature for different molten chloride salts from this work were compared with calculated values using Redlich–Kister modeling. Agreement between the calculated and measured values was within 1–10%, with the exception of the ternary UCl3–NaCl–KCl salt that showed a 32% discrepancy between several literature reports; however, the results did align well with another neutron radiography article. Analysis of the radiographs suggests that microbubbles in the ternary mixture might have biased the density measurements.

    Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02967.

    • Two heights used for calculation of the salt volume from the neutron images; ideal and RK-estimated densities plotted against temperature; contact angle data; averaged contact angles for NaCl–KCl (50:50 mol%) as a function of temperature; data for averaged contact angles for the UCl3–KCl and UCl3–KCl–NaCl mixtures as a function of temperature; and average contact angle data for the KCl–MgCl2 mixtures as a function of temperature (PDF)

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    Cited By

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    Citation Statements
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    This article is cited by 4 publications.

    1. Jisue Moon, Joanna McFarlane, Hunter B. Andrews, Kevin R. Robb, Molly Ross, Dino Sulejmanovic, Yuxuan Zhang, Erik Stringfellow, Can Agca, Juliano Schorne-Pinto, Theodore M. Besmann. Density Measurements of Molten LiF–BeF2 and LiF–BeF2–LaF3 Salt Mixtures by Neutron Radiography. ACS Omega 2024, 9 (25) , 27204-27213. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c01446
    2. D.A. Andersson, G. Wang, P. Yang, B.W. Beeler. KCl-UCl3 molten salts investigated by Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics (AIMD) simulations: A comparative study with three dispersion models. Journal of Nuclear Materials 2024, 599 , 155226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.155226
    3. Chao Jiang, Jicheng Guo, David Andersson, Daniel Schwen, Chris Benmore, Nathaniel Hoyt, Benjamin Spencer. Predicting thermophysical properties of molten salts in the MgCl2-NaCl-KCl-LiCl system with a shell-model potential. Journal of Molecular Liquids 2024, 403 , 124854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2024.124854
    4. Joanna McFarlane, Hunter B. Andrews, Abbey L. McAlister, Jisue Moon, Kevin R. Robb, Charles F. Weber, Andrew Ballard. The effect of interfacial phenomena on gas solubility measurements in molten salts. Frontiers in Energy Research 2023, 10 https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.1102466

    Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research

    Cite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2022, 61, 48, 17665–17673
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02967
    Published November 18, 2022
    Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society

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