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Integrated Fluid Dynamic Gauge for Measuring the Thickness of Soft Solid Layers Immersed in Opaque, Viscous, and/or Non-Newtonian Liquids in Situ

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Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2019, 58, 51, 23124-23134
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    Integrated Fluid Dynamic Gauge for Measuring the Thickness of Soft Solid Layers Immersed in Opaque, Viscous, and/or Non-Newtonian Liquids in Situ
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    • Jheng-Han Tsai
      Jheng-Han Tsai
      Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
      More by Jheng-Han Tsai
    • Bart Hallmark
      Bart Hallmark
      Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
      More by Bart Hallmark
    • D. Ian Wilson*
      D. Ian Wilson
      Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
      *E-mail: [email protected]. Phone +44 1223 334791.
      More by D. Ian Wilson
      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-3950-9165
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    Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research

    Cite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2019, 58, 51, 23124–23134
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05299
    Published November 25, 2019
    Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    A new fluid dynamic gauging (FDG) device for monitoring the thickness of soft solid layers immersed in liquid in real time and in situ is demonstrated. An inductive proximity sensor is incorporated in the FDG nozzle head to allow the distance between the head and the layer, and an underlying metal substrate, to be determined simultaneously. The concept is demonstrated for copper and mild and stainless steel substrates for coated substrates and for liquids spanning a range of opacity and viscosity including water; whole ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) milk and commercial washing-up liquid (both opaque); and 1 and 3 wt % carboxymethylcellulose solutions (exhibiting non-Newtonian behavior). The resolution of the inductive sensor was ±10 μm or better and was unaffected by the liquid. Computational fluid dynamics simulations using OpenFOAM gave good agreement with experimental discharge coefficients for viscous and non-Newtonian fluids. A short study of the growth of ice crystals from skimmed UHT milk is presented.

    Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05299.

    • Plots of apparent viscosities of 1 wt % CMC solutions and 3 wt % CMC solutions; oscillatory shear sweep for 3 wt % CMC solution with table of parameters of the eight-mode Maxwell model; geometry and mesh of 2D axisymmetric iFDG simulations; and effect of simulation mesh size on Cd (PDF)

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    Cited By

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    This article is cited by 1 publications.

    1. M. Helbig, J.-P. Majschak, H. Köhler. Direct measurement of the cohesive strength of whey protein gel in contact with NaOH by wire cutting experiments. Food and Bioproducts Processing 2022, 136 , 141-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2022.09.003
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    Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research

    Cite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2019, 58, 51, 23124–23134
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05299
    Published November 25, 2019
    Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

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