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Effect of Lithium Drug on Binding Affinities of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 β to Its Network Partners: A New Computational Approach

Cite this: J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2021, 61, 10, 5280–5292
Publication Date (Web):September 17, 2021
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00952
Copyright © 2021 American Chemical Society

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    Abstract

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    Finding new methods to study the effect of small molecules on protein interaction networks provides us with invaluable tools in the fields of pharmacodynamics and drug design. Lithium is an antimanic drug that has been used for the treatment of bipolar disorder for more than 60 years. Here, we utilized a new approach to study the effect of lithium as a drug on the protein interaction network of GSK-3β as a hub protein and computed the affinities of GSK-3β to its partners in the presence of lithium or sodium ions. For this purpose, ensembles of GSK-3β protein structures were created in the presence of either lithium or sodium ions using adaptive tempering molecular dynamics simulations. The protein binding patches of GSK-3β for its partners were determined, and finally, the affinity of each binding patch to the related partner was computed for structures of ensembles using a monomer-based approach. Besides, by comparing structural dynamics of GSK-3β during MD simulations in the presence of LiCl and NaCl, we suggested a new mechanism for the inhibitory effect of lithium on GSK-3β.

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00952.

    • Figure S1, sampled temperature and potential; Figure S2, sampling period for each temperature bin in AT-MD simulations; Figure S3, structural descriptors along the AT-MD simulation time line; Figure S4, RMSD along the AT-MD simulation time line; Figure S5, effects of ions on structural fluctuations of the protein; Figure S6, changes in secondary structures over AT-MD simulation; Figure S7, system-dependent and protein-dependent metrics for different segments of AT-MD simulations in the presence of NaCl; Figure S8, system-dependent and protein-dependent metrics computed for different segments of AT-MD simulations in the presence of LiCl; Figures S9 and S10, trajectories of affinity values; Figure S11, effect of LiCl on the affinity of GSK-3β to its partners; Table S1, comparison of GSK-3β secondary structures in the presence of sodium and lithium ions; Table S2, comparison of GSK-3β affinities toward its partners in the presence of sodium and lithium ions in the three sets of AT-MD data; Table S3, comparison of z-score values in different segments of MD simulations for set 1 data series; and Table S4, number of GSK-3β PBPs with lower, equal, and higher affinities in the presence of LiCl than those in the presence of NaCl in each pathway (PDF)

    • Movies S1a, S1b. Dynamics of GSK-3β in the presence of LiCl (AVI) (AVI)

    • Movies S2a, S2b. Dynamics of GSK-3β in the presence of NaCl (AVI) (AVI)

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    Cited By

    This article is cited by 1 publications.

    1. Chunhao Yang, Bo Zhu, Mingjie Zhan, Zi-Chun Hua. Lithium in Cancer Therapy: Friend or Foe?. Cancers 2023, 15 (4) , 1095. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15041095

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