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Rational Design of Suprastat: A Novel Selective Histone Deacetylase 6 Inhibitor with the Ability to Potentiate Immunotherapy in Melanoma Models

  • Satish Noonepalle
    Satish Noonepalle
    Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
  • Sida Shen
    Sida Shen
    Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
    More by Sida Shen
  • Jakub Ptáček
    Jakub Ptáček
    Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, Vestec 252 50, Czech Republic
  • Maurício T. Tavares
    Maurício T. Tavares
    Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
  • Guiping Zhang
    Guiping Zhang
    Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
  • Jan Stránský
    Jan Stránský
    Centre of Molecular Structure, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, Vestec 252 50, Czech Republic
  • Jiří Pavlíček
    Jiří Pavlíček
    Centre of Molecular Structure, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, Vestec 252 50, Czech Republic
  • Glaucio M. Ferreira
    Glaucio M. Ferreira
    Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
  • Melissa Hadley
    Melissa Hadley
    Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
  • Guido Pelaez
    Guido Pelaez
    Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
    More by Guido Pelaez
  • Cyril Bařinka*
    Cyril Bařinka
    Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, Vestec 252 50, Czech Republic
    *Email: [email protected]. Phone: +420-325-873-777.
  • Alan P. Kozikowski*
    Alan P. Kozikowski
    Bright Minds Biosciences, Toronto, ON M5H 3V9, Canada
    *Email: [email protected]. Phone: +1-773-793-5866.
  • , and 
  • Alejandro Villagra*
    Alejandro Villagra
    Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
    *Email: [email protected]. Phone: +1-202-994-9547.
Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2020, 63, 18, 10246–10262
Publication Date (Web):August 20, 2020
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00567
Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Info (4)»

    Abstract

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    Selective inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is being recognized as a therapeutic approach for cancers. In this study, we designed a new HDAC6 inhibitor, named Suprastat, using in silico simulations. X-ray crystallography and molecular dynamics simulations provide strong evidence to support the notion that the aminomethyl and hydroxyl groups in the capping group of Suprastat establish significant hydrogen bond interactions, either direct or water-mediated, with residues D460, N530, and S531, which play a vital role in regulating the deacetylase function of the enzyme and which are absent in other isoforms. In vitro characterization of Suprastat demonstrates subnanomolar HDAC6 inhibitory potency and a hundred- to a thousand-fold HDAC6 selectivity over the other HDAC isoforms. In vivo studies reveal that a combination of Suprastat and anti-PD1 immunotherapy enhances antitumor immune response, mediated by a decrease of protumoral M2 macrophages and increased infiltration of antitumor CD8+ effector and memory T-cells.

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00567.

    • Supplementary results for the cytotoxicity assay of 6a6c along with NextA (Figure S1); supplementary results for immunoblot analysis of Suprastat’s effects on α-tubulin acetylation in macrophages (Figure S2); supplementary figure for MD simulation of HDAC6 and the HDAC6/Suprastat complex (Figure S3); supplementary figure for the liver microsomal stability test (Figure S4); supplementary data on the HDAC enzymatic assay of 6d6f (Table S1); supplementary table for crystallization data collection and refinement statistics (Table S2); and 1H NMR spectra, 13C NMR spectra, and HPLC purity reports for compounds 6a6c (PDF)

    • MD simulations of the HDAC6/Suprastat complex (MP4)

    • Molecular formula strings of compounds 2, 4a4d, 5a5d, 6b6f, Suprastat, and nexturastat including screening data (CSV)

    • A snapshot of the MD simulations of the HDAC6/Suprastat complex (PDB)

    Accession Codes

    Atomic coordinates and corresponding structure factors for the zHDAC6-CD2/Suprastat complex have been deposited at the Protein Data Bank (PDB) as the 6TCY entry. Authors will release the atomic coordinates upon article publication.

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    Most electronic Supporting Information files are available without a subscription to ACS Web Editions. Such files may be downloaded by article for research use (if there is a public use license linked to the relevant article, that license may permit other uses). Permission may be obtained from ACS for other uses through requests via the RightsLink permission system: http://pubs.acs.org/page/copyright/permissions.html.

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