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A Divergent Route to Eravacycline
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    A Divergent Route to Eravacycline
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    Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 480 Arsenal Way, Suite 110, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
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    The Journal of Organic Chemistry

    Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2017, 82, 2, 936–943
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.6b02442
    Published December 21, 2016
    Copyright © 2016 American Chemical Society

    Abstract

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    A convergent route to eravacycline (1) has been developed by employing Michael–Dieckmann cyclization between enone 3 and a fully built and protected left-hand piece (LHP, 2). After construction of the core eravacycline structure, a deprotection reaction was developed, allowing for the isoxazole ring opening and global deprotection to be achieved in one pot. The LHP is synthesized from readily available 4-fluoro-3-methylphenol in six steps featuring a palladium-catalyzed phenyl carboxylation in the last step.

    Copyright © 2016 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02442.

    • 1H and 13C NMR spectra for all new compounds and eravacycline (PDF)

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    This article is cited by 14 publications.

    1. Andrew C. Flick, Carolyn A. Leverett, Hong X. Ding, Emma McInturff, Sarah J. Fink, Christopher J. Helal, Jacob C. DeForest, Peter D. Morse, Subham Mahapatra, Christopher J. O’Donnell. Synthetic Approaches to New Drugs Approved during 2018. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2020, 63 (19) , 10652-10704. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00345
    2. Audrey E. Yñigez-Gutierrez, Brian O. Bachmann. Fixing the Unfixable: The Art of Optimizing Natural Products for Human Medicine. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2019, 62 (18) , 8412-8428. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00246
    3. Mengwei Xia, Shaomin Fu, Bo Liu. Discovery, development and syntheses of tetracycline antibiotics: derivation from natural products and application for human health. SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica 2023, 53 (3) , 485-502. https://doi.org/10.1360/SSC-2022-0205
    4. Rekha Tamatam, Dongyun Shin. Asymmetric Synthesis of US-FDA Approved Drugs over Five Years (2016–2020): A Recapitulation of Chirality. Pharmaceuticals 2023, 16 (3) , 339. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16030339
    5. Jie Jack Li. Eravacycline (Xerava), A Novel and Completely Synthetic Fluorocycline Antibiotic. 2022, 85-100. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119847281.ch5
    6. Jianfeng Zheng, Xiang Wu, Wei-Dong Z. Li. A model study for the total synthesis of lophotoxin. Tetrahedron Letters 2021, 85 , 153481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153481
    7. Raghavendra Ramachanderan, Bernd Schaefer. Tetracycline antibiotics. ChemTexts 2021, 7 (3) https://doi.org/10.1007/s40828-021-00138-x
    8. Andrew J. Gasparrini, Jana L. Markley, Hirdesh Kumar, Bin Wang, Luting Fang, Sidra Irum, Chanez T. Symister, Meghan Wallace, Carey-Ann D. Burnham, Saadia Andleeb, Niraj H. Tolia, Timothy A. Wencewicz, Gautam Dantas. Tetracycline-inactivating enzymes from environmental, human commensal, and pathogenic bacteria cause broad-spectrum tetracycline resistance. Communications Biology 2020, 3 (1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-020-0966-5
    9. Haibo Mei, Jianlin Han, Sarah White, Daniel J. Graham, Kunisuke Izawa, Tatsunori Sato, Santos Fustero, Nicholas A. Meanwell, Vadim A. Soloshonok. Tailor‐Made Amino Acids and Fluorinated Motifs as Prominent Traits in Modern Pharmaceuticals. Chemistry – A European Journal 2020, 26 (50) , 11349-11390. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202000617
    10. Sara Alosaimy, Jacinda C. Abdul‐Mutakabbir, Razie Kebriaei, Sarah C. J. Jorgensen, Michael J. Rybak. Evaluation of Eravacycline: A Novel Fluorocycline. Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 2020, 40 (3) , 221-238. https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.2366
    11. Haibo Mei, Jianlin Han, Santos Fustero, Mercedes Medio‐Simon, Daniel M. Sedgwick, Claudio Santi, Renzo Ruzziconi, Vadim A. Soloshonok. Fluorine‐Containing Drugs Approved by the FDA in 2018. Chemistry – A European Journal 2019, 25 (51) , 11797-11819. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201901840
    12. Hideyuki Konishi. Creation of Novel Toxic Gas Surrogates and the Development of Safe and Facile Catalytic Reactions. CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 2018, 66 (1) , 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.c17-00795
    13. Hideyuki Konishi, Mika Matsubara, Keisuke Mori, Takaki Tokiwa, Sundaram Arulmozhiraja, Yuta Yamamoto, Yoshinobu Ishikawa, Hiroshi Hashimoto, Yasuteru Shigeta, Hiroaki Tokiwa, Kei Manabe. Mechanistic Insight into Weak Base‐Catalyzed Generation of Carbon Monoxide from Phenyl Formate and Its Application to Catalytic Carbonylation at Room Temperature without Use of External Carbon Monoxide Gas. Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis 2017, 359 (20) , 3592-3601. https://doi.org/10.1002/adsc.201700751
    14. Cuixiang Sun, Xiao-Yi Xiao. Fully Synthetic Tetracyclines: Increasing Chemical Diversity to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections. 2017, 55-95. https://doi.org/10.1007/7355_2017_11

    The Journal of Organic Chemistry

    Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2017, 82, 2, 936–943
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.6b02442
    Published December 21, 2016
    Copyright © 2016 American Chemical Society

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