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Pressure, Peptides, and a Piezolyte: Structural Analysis of the Effects of Pressure and Trimethylamine-N-oxide on the Peptide Solvation Shell
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    B: Biophysics; Physical Chemistry of Biological Systems and Biomolecules

    Pressure, Peptides, and a Piezolyte: Structural Analysis of the Effects of Pressure and Trimethylamine-N-oxide on the Peptide Solvation Shell
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    The Journal of Physical Chemistry B

    Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. B 2020, 124, 30, 6508–6519
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c03319
    Published July 2, 2020
    Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society

    Abstract

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    The osmolyte trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is able to increase the thermodynamic stability of folded proteins, counteracting pressure denaturation. Herein, we report experimental solubility data on penta-alanine (pAla) in aqueous TMAO solutions (at pH = 7 and pH = 13) together with molecular simulation data for pAla, penta-serine (pSer), and an elastin-like peptide (ELP) sequence (VPGVG) under varying pH and pressure conditions. The effect of the peptide end groups on TMAO–peptide interactions is investigated by comparing the solvation of zwitterionic and negatively charged pentamers with the solvation of pentamers with charge-neutral C- and N-termini and linear, virtually infinite, peptide chains stretched across the periodic boundaries of the simulation cell. The experiments and simulations consistently show that TMAO is net-depleted from the pAla–water interface, but local accumulation of TMAO is observed just outside the first hydration shell of the peptide. While the same observations are also made in the simulations of the zwitterionic pentamers (Ala, Ser, and ELP) and virtually infinite peptide chains (Ala and ELP), weak preferential binding of TMAO is instead observed for pAla with neutral end groups at a 1 M TMAO concentration and for an ELP pentamer with capped neutral end groups at a 0.55 M TMAO concentration studied in previous work (Y.-T. Liao et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2017, 114, 2479–2484). The above observations made at 1 bar ambient pressure remain qualitatively unchanged at 500 bar and 2 kbar. Local accumulation of TMAO correlates with a reduction in the total number of peptide–solvent hydrogen bonds, independent of the peptide’s primary sequence and the applied pressure. By weakening water hydrogen bonds with the protein backbone, TMAO indirectly contributes to stabilizing internal hydrogen bonds in proteins, thus providing a protein stabilization mechanism beyond net depletion.

    Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c03319.

    • Supplemental tables showing experimental solubilities, KBI values and correction factors from simulation, and internal peptide SASA; supplemental figures showing an illustration of the titration experiment, pictures of the cloudiness of the solution in the experiment, the change of surface tension with the TMAO concentration, force field comparison of the solubilities, preferential binding coefficients as a function of distance, partial preferential binding coefficients, SASA weighted partial preferential binding coefficients, local/bulk partition coefficients and local non-ideality factor, TMAO orientation, local bulk partition coefficients of the 15-mer, solubility ratios of the 15-mer, number of hydrogen bonds for different peptides, tetrahedral order parameter for different peptides, hydrogen bonds for different peptides at different pressure values, number of molecules around pAla at different TMAO concentrations, and tetrahedral order parameter for different peptides at different pressures (PDF)

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    This article is cited by 8 publications.

    1. Angelina Folberth, Nico F. A. van der Vegt. Influence of TMAO and Pressure on the Folding Equilibrium of TrpCage. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2022, 126 (42) , 8374-8380. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04034
    2. Pritam Ganguly, Dominik Bubák, Jakub Polák, Patrik Fagan, Martin Dračínský, Nico F. A. van der Vegt, Jan Heyda, Joan-Emma Shea. Cosolvent Exclusion Drives Protein Stability in Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Betaine Solutions. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 2022, 13 (34) , 7980-7986. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01692
    3. Ruey Leng Loo, Queenie Chan, Jeremy K. Nicholson, Elaine Holmes. Balancing the Equation: A Natural History of Trimethylamine and Trimethylamine-N-oxide. Journal of Proteome Research 2022, 21 (3) , 560-589. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00851
    4. Vidar Aspelin, Anna Lidskog, Carlos Solano Arribas, Stefan Hervø-Hansen, Björn Stenqvist, Richard Chudoba, Kenneth Wärnmark, Mikael Lund. Counterintuitive Electrostatics upon Metal Ion Coordination to a Receptor with Two Homotopic Binding Sites. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2022, 144 (7) , 2921-2932. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.1c08507
    5. Satyendra Rajput, Roland Pollak, Klaus Huber, Simon Ebbinghaus, Divya Nayar. Ethylene glycol energetically disfavours oligomerization of pseudoisocyanine dyestuffs at crowded concentrations. Soft Matter 2023, 19 (33) , 6399-6413. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3SM00564J
    6. Mayank M. Boob, Shahar Sukenik, Martin Gruebele, Taras V. Pogorelov. TMAO: Protecting proteins from feeling the heat. Biophysical Journal 2023, 122 (7) , 1414-1422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2023.03.008
    7. Armin Kamali, Nisrine Jahmidi-Azizi, Rosario Oliva, Roland Winter. Deep sea osmolytes in action: their effect on protein–ligand binding under high pressure stress. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2022, 24 (30) , 17966-17978. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CP01769E
    8. Angelina Folberth, Nico F. A. van der Vegt. Temperature induced change of TMAO effects on hydrophobic hydration. The Journal of Chemical Physics 2022, 156 (18) https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0088388

    The Journal of Physical Chemistry B

    Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. B 2020, 124, 30, 6508–6519
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c03319
    Published July 2, 2020
    Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society

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