Fluorescence Anisotropy Detection of Barrier Crossing and Ultrafast Conformational Dynamics in the S2 State of β-CaroteneClick to copy article linkArticle link copied!
- J. K. GurchiekJ. K. GurchiekDepartment of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United StatesMore by J. K. Gurchiek
- Justin B. RoseJustin B. RoseDepartment of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United StatesMore by Justin B. Rose
- Matthew J. Guberman-PfefferMatthew J. Guberman-PfefferDepartment of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06268-1712, United StatesMore by Matthew J. Guberman-Pfeffer
- Ryan W. TilluckRyan W. TilluckDepartment of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United StatesMore by Ryan W. Tilluck
- Soumen GhoshSoumen GhoshDepartment of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milan, Lombardy 20133, ItalyMore by Soumen Ghosh
- José A. GascónJosé A. GascónDepartment of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06268-1712, United StatesMore by José A. Gascón
- Warren F. Beck*Warren F. Beck*Email: [email protected]Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United StatesMore by Warren F. Beck
Abstract
Carotenoids are usually only weakly fluorescent despite being very strong absorbers in the mid-visible region because their first two excited singlet states, S1 and S2, have very short lifetimes. To probe the structural mechanisms that promote the nonradiative decay of the S2 state to the S1 state, we have carried out a series of fluorescence lineshape and anisotropy measurements with a prototype carotenoid, β-carotene, in four aprotic solvents. The anisotropy values observed in the fluorescence emission bands originating from the S2 and S1 states reveal that the large internal rotations of the emission transition dipole moment, as much as 50° relative to that of the absorption transition dipole moment, are initiated during ultrafast evolution on the S2 state potential energy surface and persist upon nonradiative decay to the S1 state. Electronic structure calculations of the orientation of the transition dipole moment account for the anisotropy results in terms of torsional and pyramidal distortions near the center of the isoprenoid backbone. The excitation wavelength dependence of the fluorescence anisotropy indicates that these out-of-plane conformational motions are initiated by passage over a low-activation energy barrier from the Franck–Condon S2 structure. This conclusion is consistent with detection over the 80–200 K range of a broad, red-shifted fluorescence band from a dynamic intermediate evolving on a steep gradient of the S2 state potential energy surface after crossing the activation barrier. The temperature dependence of the oscillator strength and anisotropy indicate that nonadiabatic passage from S2 through a conical intersection seam to S1 is promoted by the out-of-plane motions of the isoprenoid backbone with strong hindrance by solvent friction.
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