Functionalized Two-Dimensional Nanoporous Graphene as Efficient Global Anode Materials for Li-, Na-, K-, Mg-, and Ca-Ion Batteries
- Tanveer Hussain*Tanveer Hussain*Email: [email protected]School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, AustraliaMore by Tanveer Hussain
- ,
- Emilia OlssonEmilia OlssonDepartment of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, U.K.More by Emilia Olsson
- ,
- Khidhir AlhameediKhidhir AlhameediSchool of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, AustraliaMore by Khidhir Alhameedi
- ,
- Qiong Cai*Qiong Cai*Email: [email protected]Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, U.K.More by Qiong Cai
- , and
- Amir Karton*Amir Karton*Email: [email protected]School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, AustraliaMore by Amir Karton
Abstract

Two-dimensional nanoporous graphene (NPG) with uniformly distributed nanopores has been synthesized recently and shown remarkable electronic, mechanical, thermal, and optical properties with potential applications in several fields. Here, we explore the potential application of NPG as an anode material for Li-, Na-, K-, Mg-, and Ca-ion batteries. We use density functional theory calculations to study structural properties, defect formation energies, metal binding energies, charge analysis, and electronic structures of NPG monolayers. Pristine NPG can bind effectively K+ cations but cannot sufficiently bind the other metal cations strongly, which is a prerequisite of an efficient anode material. However, upon substitution with oxygen-rich functional groups (e.g., O, OH, and COOH) and doping with heteroatoms (B, N, P, and S), the metal binding ability of NPG is significantly enhanced. Of the considered systems, the S-doped NPG (S-NPG) binds the metal cations most strongly with binding energies of −3.87 (Li), −3.28 (Na), −3.37 (K), −3.68 (Mg), and −4.97 (Ca) eV, followed by P-NPG, O-NPG, B-NPG, and N-NPG. Of the substituted NPG systems, O-substituted NPG exhibits the strongest metal binding with binding energies of −3.30 (Li), −2.62 (Na), −2.89 (K), −1.67 (Mg), and −3.40 eV (Ca). Bader charge analysis and Roby–Gould bond indices show that a significant amount of charge is transferred from the metal cations to the functionalized NPG monolayers. Electronic properties were studied by density of states plots, and all the systems were found to be metallic upon the introduction of metal cations. These results suggest that functionalized NPG could be used as a global anode material for Li-, Na-, K-, Mg-, and Ca-ion batteries.
Cited By
This article is cited by 25 publications.
- Ghulam Abbas, Gustav Johansson, Syed Muhammad Alay-e-Abbas, Yijun Shi, J. Andreas Larsson. Quasi Three-Dimensional Tetragonal SiC Polymorphs as Efficient Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries. ACS Applied Energy Materials 2023, 6 (17) , 8976-8988. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.3c01703
- Tanveer Hussain, Thanayut Kaewmaraya, Zhe Hu, Xiu Song Zhao. Efficient Control of the Shuttle Effect in Sodium–Sulfur Batteries with Functionalized Nanoporous Graphenes. ACS Applied Nano Materials 2022, 5 (9) , 12637-12645. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.2c02405
- Jyotirmoy Deb, Rajeev Ahuja, Utpal Sarkar. Two-Dimensional Pentagraphyne as a High-Performance Anode Material for Li/Na-Ion Rechargeable Batteries. ACS Applied Nano Materials 2022, 5 (8) , 10572-10582. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.2c01909
- Swapnil S. Deshpande, Mrinalini D. Deshpande, Khidhir Alhameedi, Rajeev Ahuja, Tanveer Hussain. Carbon Nitride Monolayers as Efficient Immobilizers toward Lithium Selenides: Potential Applications in Lithium–Selenium Batteries. ACS Applied Energy Materials 2021, 4 (4) , 3891-3904. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.1c00283
- Muhammad Sajjad, Tanveer Hussain, Nirpendra Singh, J. Andreas Larsson. Superior Anchoring of Sodium Polysulfides to the Polar C2N 2D Material: A Potential Electrode Enhancer in Sodium–Sulfur Batteries. Langmuir 2020, 36 (43) , 13104-13111. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02616
- Muhammad Sajjad, Khaled Badawy, J. Andreas Larsson, Rehan Umer, Nirpendra Singh. Two dimensional holey graphyne: An excellent anode and anchoring material for metal–ion and metal–sulfur batteries. Carbon 2023, 214 , 118340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2023.118340
- Abdelali Elomrani, Mohammad Maymoun, Said Oukahou, Mohammed Lamhani, Khalid Sbiaai, Abdellatif Hasnaoui. Evaluating the potential of planar h-BSb monolayer as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries from first principles methods. Journal of Energy Storage 2023, 64 , 107260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.107260
- Feipeng Yang, Xuefei Feng, Zengqing Zhuo, Lauren Vallez, Yi-Sheng Liu, Scott A. McClary, Nathan T. Hahn, Per-Anders Glans, Kevin R. Zavadil, Jinghua Guo. Ca2+ Solvation and Electrochemical Solid/Electrolyte Interphase Formation Toward the Multivalent-Ion Batteries. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 2023, 48 (6) , 7243-7262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-022-07597-5
- Emilia Olsson, Qiong Cai. Computational Studies on Na‐Ion Electrode Materials. 2022, 259-300. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527825769.ch9
- Grzegorz T. Kasprzak, Artur P. Durajski. Two-dimensional B$$_2$$C as a potential anode material for Mg-ion batteries with extremely high theoretical capacity. Scientific Reports 2022, 12 (1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-15702-9
- Emilia Olsson, Jiale Yu, Haiyan Zhang, Hui‐Ming Cheng, Qiong Cai. Atomic‐Scale Design of Anode Materials for Alkali Metal (Li/Na/K)‐Ion Batteries: Progress and Perspectives. Advanced Energy Materials 2022, 12 (25) https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202200662
- Neha Yadav, T. J. Dhilip Kumar. Si doped T-graphene: a 2D lattice as an anode electrode in Na ion secondary batteries. New Journal of Chemistry 2022, 46 (20) , 9718-9726. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NJ01009G
- Ke Guo, Wei Wang, Shuqiang Jiao. Recent progress and prospective on layered anode materials for potassium-ion batteries. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials 2022, 29 (5) , 1037-1052. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-022-2470-z
- Faizan Ullah, Khurshid Ayub, Mazhar Amjad Gilani, Muhammad Imran, Tariq Mahmood. C10F as a potential anode material for alkali-ion batteries; a quantum chemical approach. Computational and Theoretical Chemistry 2021, 1206 , 113470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113470
- Yan-ni Wen, Er-hu Zhang, Xiao-hua Zhou, Ming-gang Xia, Sheng-li Zhang. Vacancy effect on the structure and diffusion of a Li adatom on the 2D Janus MoSSe monolayer. Computational Materials Science 2021, 198 , 110687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2021.110687
- U. Younis, I. Muhammad, F. Qayyum, W. Wu, Q. Sun. Two-dimensional metallic pentadiamond as anode material for Li-/Na-/K-ion batteries with high performance. Materials Today Energy 2021, 20 , 100664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtener.2021.100664
- Emilia Olsson, Jonathon Cottom, Heather Au, Maria-Magdalena Titirici, Qiong Cai. Investigating the effect of edge and basal plane surface functionalisation of carbonaceous anodes for alkali metal (Li/Na/K) ion batteries. Carbon 2021, 177 , 226-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2021.02.065
- Reza Ghiasi, Mina Ahraminejad, Bita Mohtat. The application of graphyne and its boron nitride analogue in Li-ion batteries. Computational and Theoretical Chemistry 2021, 1200 , 113243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113243
- Emilia Olsson, Jonathon Cottom, Qiong Cai. Defects in Hard Carbon: Where Are They Located and How Does the Location Affect Alkaline Metal Storage?. Small 2021, 17 (18) https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202007652
- Yaser Bahari, Bohayra Mortazavi, Ali Rajabpour, Xiaoying Zhuang, Timon Rabczuk. Application of two-dimensional materials as anodes for rechargeable metal-ion batteries: A comprehensive perspective from density functional theory simulations. Energy Storage Materials 2021, 35 , 203-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2020.11.004
- Ehsan Shakerzadeh, Ladan Azizinia. Can C24N24 cavernous nitride fullerene be a potential anode material for Li-, Na-, K-, Mg-, Ca-ion batteries?. Chemical Physics Letters 2021, 764 , 138241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2020.138241
- Neha Yadav, T. J. Dhilip Kumar. Ab initio characterization of N doped T-graphene and its application as an anode material for Na ion rechargeable batteries. Sustainable Energy & Fuels 2021, 451 https://doi.org/10.1039/D1SE00657F
- Lorenzo Stievano, Iratxe de Meatza, Jan Bitenc, Carmen Cavallo, Sergio Brutti, Maria Assunta Navarra. Emerging calcium batteries. Journal of Power Sources 2021, 482 , 228875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228875
- Puspamitra Panigrahi, Khidhir Alhameedi, Amir Karton, Rajeev Ahuja, Tanveer Hussain. Improved Adsorption and Migration of Divalent Ions Over C4N Nanosheets: Potential Anode for Divalent Batteries. Surfaces and Interfaces 2020, 21 , 100758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2020.100758
- Deobrat Singh, Vivekanand Shukla, Rajeev Ahuja. Optical excitations and thermoelectric properties of two-dimensional holey graphene. Physical Review B 2020, 102 (7) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.102.075444