The Bethe–Salpeter Equation Formalism: From Physics to ChemistryClick to copy article linkArticle link copied!
- Xavier Blase*Xavier Blase*Email: [email protected]Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut NEEL, F-38042 Grenoble, FranceMore by Xavier Blase
- Ivan DucheminIvan DucheminUniversité Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG-MEM-L Sim, 38054 Grenoble, FranceMore by Ivan Duchemin
- Denis JacqueminDenis JacqueminUniversité de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, FranceMore by Denis Jacquemin
- Pierre-François Loos*Pierre-François Loos*Email: [email protected]Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, FranceMore by Pierre-François Loos
Abstract

The Bethe–Salpeter equation (BSE) formalism is steadily asserting itself as a new efficient and accurate tool in the ensemble of computational methods available to chemists in order to predict optical excitations in molecular systems. In particular, the combination of the so-called GW approximation, giving access to reliable ionization energies and electron affinities, and the BSE formalism, able to model UV/vis spectra, has shown to provide accurate singlet excitation energies with a typical error of 0.1–0.3 eV. With a similar computational cost as time-dependent density-functional theory (TD-DFT), BSE is able to provide an accuracy on par with the most accurate global and range-separated hybrid functionals without the unsettling choice of the exchange–correlation functional, resolving further known issues (e.g., charge-transfer excitations). In this Perspective, we provide a historical overview of BSE, with a particular focus on its condensed-matter roots. We also propose a critical review of its strengths and weaknesses in different chemical situations.
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