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Assessment of Humoral Response at SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Multipronged Functional Proteomics Approaches

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    Assessment of Humoral Response at SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Multipronged Functional Proteomics Approaches
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    • Pablo Juanes-Velasco
      Pablo Juanes-Velasco
      Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, CSIC-University of Salamanca), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
      Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
      Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
      Proteomics Unit-IBSAL, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca (IBSAL/USAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
      More by Pablo Juanes-Velasco
      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9435-2952
    • Juan Carlos Pérez-Arévalo
      Juan Carlos Pérez-Arévalo
      Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, CSIC-University of Salamanca), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
      More by Juan Carlos Pérez-Arévalo
    • Carlota Arias-Hidalgo
      Carlota Arias-Hidalgo
      Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, CSIC-University of Salamanca), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
      Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
      Proteomics Unit-IBSAL, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca (IBSAL/USAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
      More by Carlota Arias-Hidalgo
    • Ana Nuño-Soriano
      Ana Nuño-Soriano
      Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, CSIC-University of Salamanca), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
      Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
      Proteomics Unit-IBSAL, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca (IBSAL/USAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
      More by Ana Nuño-Soriano
      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-7051-3460
    • Alicia Landeira-Viñuela
      Alicia Landeira-Viñuela
      Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, CSIC-University of Salamanca), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
      More by Alicia Landeira-Viñuela
    • Fernando Corrales
      Fernando Corrales
      Functional Proteomics Laboratory, National Centre for Biotechnology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
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      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0231-5159
    • David Bernardo
      David Bernardo
      Mucosal Immunology Lab, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid-CSIC, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
      Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
      More by David Bernardo
    • Sara Cuesta-Sancho
      Sara Cuesta-Sancho
      Mucosal Immunology Lab, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid-CSIC, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
      More by Sara Cuesta-Sancho
    • Silvia Rojo-Rello
      Silvia Rojo-Rello
      Microbiology Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
      More by Silvia Rojo-Rello
    • Quentin Lécrevisse
      Quentin Lécrevisse
      Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, CSIC-University of Salamanca), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
      Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
      Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
      More by Quentin Lécrevisse
    • Rafael Góngora
      Rafael Góngora
      Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, CSIC-University of Salamanca), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
      Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
      More by Rafael Góngora
    • José Manuel Sánchez-Santos
      José Manuel Sánchez-Santos
      Department of Statistics, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
      More by José Manuel Sánchez-Santos
    • Javier De Las Rivas
      Javier De Las Rivas
      Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Group, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, CSIC/USAL), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca (USAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
      More by Javier De Las Rivas
      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0984-9946
    • Ángela-Patricia Hernández*
      Ángela-Patricia Hernández
      Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, CSIC-University of Salamanca), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
      Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, CIETUS, IBSAL, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
      *Email: [email protected]. Phone: +34 923294811.
      More by Ángela-Patricia Hernández
      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5585-9918
    • Manuel Fuentes*
      Manuel Fuentes
      Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, CSIC-University of Salamanca), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
      Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
      Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
      Proteomics Unit-IBSAL, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca (IBSAL/USAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
      *Email: [email protected]
      More by Manuel Fuentes
      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-3766
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    Journal of Proteome Research

    Cite this: J. Proteome Res. 2025, XXXX, XXX, XXX-XXX
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00635
    Published January 7, 2025
    © 2025 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    In the past decade, a major goal in biomedical research has been to understand why individuals differ in disease susceptibility, disease dynamics, and progression. In many pathologies, this variability stems from evolved immune mechanisms that resist inflammatory stress from various diseases that have been encountered throughout life. These may provide advantages against other diseases, reduce comorbidities, and enhance longevity. This study evaluates prior immunity as a prognostic factor in COVID-19 patients, crucial for understanding plasmatic signaling cascades in different disease stages and their impact on disease progression. COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, primarily affects the respiratory system and presents a wide range of symptoms, posing significant challenges to medicine. This study systematically analyzed prior immunity and inflammation in two independent cohorts of infected patients. A serological profile is determined by protein microarrays, which identify IgM and IgG responses against 37 prevalent microbial pathogens and provide a comprehensive plasma analysis of 21 acute-phase proteins. Our results reveal distinct serological profiles correlating with disease severity, indicating that immune system dysregulation in COVID-19 patients is linked to existing immunity. These findings highlight the relevance of prior immunity for monitoring disease progression, particularly in infections and vaccine failure, and underscore the importance of functional proteomics in determining prognostic biomarkers.

    © 2025 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00635.

    • QC immunocompetence protein microarray; QC APPs microarray; boxplot of IgM serological profile against mAgs in mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 patients of cohort #1; boxplot of IgG serological profile against mAgs in mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 patients of cohort #1; boxplot of APPs profile in mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 patients of cohort #1; boxplot of IgM serological profile against mAgs in mild and moderate COVID-19 patients of cohort #2; boxplot of IgG serological profile against mAgs in mild and moderate COVID-19 patients of cohort #2; boxplot of APPs profile in mild and moderate COVID-19 patients of cohort #2; boxplot of IgM serological profile against mAgs in two cohorts of infected patients at different stages of disease progression; boxplot of IgG serological profile against mAgs in two cohorts of infected patients at different stages of disease progression; serological (IgM and IgG anti-mAgs) and APR-selected panels display disease progression by a PCA; and boxplot of APPd profile in two cohorts of infected patients at different stages of disease progression (PDF)

    • Content of immunocompetence microarray (XLSX)

    • Content of APPs microarray (XLSX)

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    Journal of Proteome Research

    Cite this: J. Proteome Res. 2025, XXXX, XXX, XXX-XXX
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00635
    Published January 7, 2025
    © 2025 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

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