ACS Publications. Most Trusted. Most Cited. Most Read
Fullerenes Enhance Self-Assembly and Electron Injection of Photosystem I in Biophotovoltaic Devices
More

OR SEARCH CITATIONS

My Activity
Publications

Figure 1Loading Img
Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:Langmuir 2021, 37, 39, 11465-11473
  • Open Access
Article

Fullerenes Enhance Self-Assembly and Electron Injection of Photosystem I in Biophotovoltaic Devices
Click to copy article linkArticle link copied!

  • Nahid Torabi
    Nahid Torabi
    Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
    Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
    Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
    More by Nahid Torabi
  • Xinkai Qiu
    Xinkai Qiu
    Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
    Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
    More by Xinkai Qiu
    Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5857-6414
  • Manuel López-Ortiz
    Manuel López-Ortiz
    IBEC—Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, Barcelona 08028, Spain
    Network Biomedical Research Center in Biomaterials, Bioengineering and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
    More by Manuel López-Ortiz
  • Mark Loznik
    Mark Loznik
    Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
    DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
    More by Mark Loznik
  • Andreas Herrmann
    Andreas Herrmann
    Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
    Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
    DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
    More by Andreas Herrmann
    Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8886-0894
  • Ahmad Kermanpur
    Ahmad Kermanpur
    Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
    More by Ahmad Kermanpur
    Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9339-0180
  • Ali Ashrafi
    Ali Ashrafi
    Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
    More by Ali Ashrafi
  • Ryan C. Chiechi*
    Ryan C. Chiechi
    Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
    Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
    *Email: [email protected]
    More by Ryan C. Chiechi
    Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0895-2095
Open PDFSupporting Information (1)

Langmuir

Cite this: Langmuir 2021, 37, 39, 11465–11473
Click to copy citationCitation copied!
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01542
Published September 21, 2021

Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society. This publication is licensed under

CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 .

Abstract

Click to copy section linkSection link copied!
High Resolution Image
Download MS PowerPoint Slide

This paper describes the fabrication of microfluidic devices with a focus on controlling the orientation of photosystem I (PSI) complexes, which directly affects the performance of biophotovoltaic devices by maximizing the efficiency of the extraction of electron/hole pairs from the complexes. The surface chemistry of the electrode on which the complexes assemble plays a critical role in their orientation. We compared the degree of orientation on self-assembled monolayers of phenyl-C61-butyric acid and a custom peptide on nanostructured gold electrodes. Biophotovoltaic devices fabricated with the C61 fulleroid exhibit significantly improved performance and reproducibility compared to those utilizing the peptide, yielding a 1.6-fold increase in efficiency. In addition, the C61-based devices were more stable under continuous illumination. Our findings show that fulleroids, which are well-known acceptor materials in organic photovoltaic devices, facilitate the extraction of electrons from PSI complexes without sacrificing control over the orientation of the complexes, highlighting this combination of traditional organic semiconductors with biomolecules as a viable approach to coopting natural photosynthetic systems for use in solar cells.

This publication is licensed under

CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 .
  • cc licence
  • by licence
  • nc licence
  • nd licence
Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society

Subjects

what are subjects

Introduction

Click to copy section linkSection link copied!
In artificial solar cells, the electron/hole pairs generated by the absorption of photons must be separated before they recombine, which is typically accomplished architecturally with heterojunctions or p–n junctions. (1) Control over these structures is vital to making efficient solar cells and is a central challenge in organic/hybrid photovoltaics, which are desirable for their mechanical compliance and processability from the solution. (2,3) Biophotovoltaic (BPV) devices are solar cells that utilize the components of natural photosynthetic proteins such as photosystem I/II (PSI/II) from, for example, algae, plants, or cyanobacteria to effect photon-induced charge separation. When light is absorbed by PSI in a photosynthetic organism, a series of reactions take place that converts photon energy into chemical reducing potential. The initial step, however, is identical to that of artificial solar cells; PSI converts photon energy into spatially separated electron/hole pairs. However, it does so with ∼100% internal quantum efficiency by effectively building a precise, nanoscale junction into each protein complex. Chromophores surrounding a reaction center at the center of each PSI protein pass an exciton into an electron transport chain that moves charges down the redox potential of the reaction center, creating a driving force for the transfer of an electron from the P700 unit on one side to the FA/FB sites on the other, making PSI behave as a photodiode. (4) The natural abundance and ease of isolation of these complexes, particularly PSI, make them ideal candidates for integration in biophotovoltaic devices. (4−8) These remarkable nanophotoelectric machines have been used in solid-state BPV devices (9−13) and dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells. (14−17) In living organisms, PSI/II complexes are continually refreshed as they degrade, which is not possible in solid-state devices. This fundamental limitation is the reason that we are particularly interested in dye-sensitized BPV devices, where PSI can be refreshed simply by circulating through the device. (15)
Several parameters affect the power generation of dye-sensitized BPVs, such as choosing appropriate working electrodes, an electrolyte to maintain a stable environment for ion exchange, and a redox mediator to shuttle charges away from the PSI complexes. (18) There are different approaches to improving and maximizing the performance of BPV devices, such as the modification of electrode morphologies to increase the surface area over which light can be absorbed, (16) wiring photosynthetic complexes with nanoscale materials, (19,20) and the integration of carbon nanotubes. (21,22) The efficiency of BPV cells is still low compared to artificial solar cells, thus necessitating a deeper understanding of the contributions of each of these parameters.
This paper focuses on the direct extraction of charges by the electrode that is in physical contact with the PSI complexes. The orientation of the PSI complexes, among others, is the most important parameter because it aligns the P700 and FA/FB sites to manifest efficient injection of electrons and holes into the external circuit through the correct pathways. (13) However, PSI is a membrane protein that does not evolve to facilitate a preferred orientation on metallic electrodes. It rather tends to assemble into isotropic, heterogeneous monolayers and multilayers, which is detrimental to BPV performance. (10) Recent studies have investigated anisotropic monolayers that use various linker strategies to modify the surface of the electrode, (13,23−26) coupling to plasmonically active metallic nanowires, (27) short peptides developed by phage display, (28) or conductive interlayers (15,29−32) to bias the orientation of PSI. Even perfectly oriented PSI, however, must also be free of traps and electronically coupled to the electrode or else the electron/hole pairs will recombine before they can be extracted. (33−37) Thus, an ideal strategy for controlling the orientation of PSI must also modify the electrode–protein interface for optimal alignment between the energy levels of P700 or FA/FB sites and the work function of the electrode.
We used phenyl-C61-butyric acid (PCBA) (38) and a peptide (IQAc, sequence: IQAGKTEHLAPDC in which a cysteine residue was attached to the C-terminus) (39) as linkers to orient PSI trimers on Au electrodes and compared their influence on the efficiency and lifetime of dye-sensitized BPVs. Substituted fulleroids form densely packed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au with their terminal groups, carboxylic acid in the case of PCBA, oriented toward the ambient interface. (40) The peptide sequence is designed to bind selectively to one side of PSI using phage display (28) and includes a terminal cystine to facilitate the formation of SAMs on Au. Electrodes functionalized with carboxylic acid groups bias the self-assembly of PSI to prefer orienting the FA/FB sites toward the electrode. (41−44) Thus, both linkers favor the injection of electrons into the electrode, but PCBA mitigates the injection barrier with a fullerene cage.

Experimental Section

Click to copy section linkSection link copied!

Photosystem I Preparation and Purification

Photosystem I started by growing the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 in BG11 medium. (45) Using a protocol adapted from El-Mohsnawy and Mukherjee et al., thylakoid membranes were prepared. (8,46) Subsequently, additional purification steps were performed using chromatographic purification. Complete information about the whole process, chlorophyll a determination, and protein concentration estimation are available in previously published work. (15)

Fabrication of Soft Devices

Designing of microfluidic channels to fabricate the unique experimental platform was done using soft lithography technology. All steps of fabrication of microfluidic channels were previously described. (15) Briefly, after pattern design and mask fabrication, a master mold for poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) using a negative photoresist of SU-8 was fabricated on a Si wafer by UV lithography. The resulting microchannel PDMS chip was then reversibly attached to the bottom PDMS to create a microfluidic device. For increasing the surface area for immobilization of PSI, we chose a Whatman Anodisc AAO membrane to produce arrays of nanotubes and evaporated 150 nm of Au against the rotating platform at a 45° incident angle by electron beam evaporation to control the heights of the nanotubes. After it was finished, we applied a strip of AuSE onto the bottom PDMS. The total surface area of AuSE that was exposed under the illumination was estimated as previously described. (15)

IQAc Peptide Design

The peptide IQAc (sequence: IQAGKTEHLAPDC) was designed as described in detail in ref (39). The peptide was synthesized according to standard procedures employing fmoc chemistry. Briefly, by adapting IQA peptides generated by Gordiichuk et al., (28) we developed these peptides to functionalize T. elongatus PSI stromal side to electrodes, and the C-terminal phosphorylated serine residue in IQA was replaced by a cysteine in IQAc.

Fabrication of BPV Devices Based on the Bilayer of PCBA/PSI

After evaporating 150 nm of Au onto the AAO Whatman Anodisc membranes at an angle of 45° using an electron beam evaporator, fabrication of PCBA-based biophotovoltaic devices started. A stripe of 15 mm × 1 mm of AuSE was placed onto the bottom PDMS and etched by drop-casting 1 M NaOH for 1 h. After rinsing with deionized water and ethanol and drying with a gentle nitrogen flow, SAMs of PCBA were produced onto AuSE by incubation of AuSE in a N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solution of PCBA for 12 h and subsequently the AuSE electrode was rinsed with NMP three times and dried with a nitrogen flow. Then, we immersed it in an aqueous solution of PSI trimers (0.8 μM) for 6 h to immobilize PSI onto the electrode. After 6 h, the AuSE electrode was rinsed with deionized water three times and dried with a nitrogen flow gently. Then, using an optical microscope, we adjusted one of the channels of the top microfluidic channels somehow surrounded by the Au electrode. Finally, we completed our devices using redox couples as an electrolyte that is loaded to the channel in contact with AuSE, and eutectic Ga–In (EGaIn) is loaded into the channel without contact with AuSE.

Fabrication of BPV Devices Based on the Monolayer of IQAc-PSI

Fabrication of IQAc-based biophotovoltaic devices followed the same procedures as PCBA-based biophotovoltaic devices. The difference here is that instead of a bilayer of PCBA/PSI, we prepared a mixture solution of IQAc peptides and PSI with a ratio of 10:1 to ensure that all PSI complexes are bound with IQAc peptides. Then, we immersed AuSE in that mixture solution for 8 h. Then, AuSE was rinsed with deionized water three times and dried under a gentle flow of nitrogen, and the device was completed like PCBA-based BPV devices.

Photocurrent Measurements

Electrical measurements were performed inside a Faraday cage with a measuring setup for both bottom gold and EGaIn electrodes along with a Keithley source meter. For all measurements to prevent overheating, first, we let the device cool down to 0 °C, and after the temperature stabilized, measurements were taken. Each device was illuminated using a 655 nm laser source, which was installed 9 cm above the device and emitted light intensity of 62 mW with an effective area that was previously explained. (15) Photochronoamperometric measurements were performed with a small bias under light and dark cycles within the different on and off periods of the laser source. J–V curves were produced in a bias window from −0.2 to 0.8 V (0 → 0.8 → 0 → −0.2 → 0 V) with a step size of 0.01 V. For all measurements, a scan size of 0.01 V was used.

Results and Discussion

Click to copy section linkSection link copied!

Device Design

The basic design of the BPV devices used to investigate the PCBA and IQAc linkers is a co-fabricated microfluidic channel (47) that defines an electrode comprising the liquid metal eutectic Ga–In (EGaIn), which is in contact with the electrolytic medium. The floor of the microfluidic channel, which is perpendicular to the EGaIn electrode, supports a nanostructured gold electrode (AuSE) fabricated by shadow evaporation. (48) The design of this prototype device is a simplified version of the one we published previously, (15) as shown in Figure 1. The device architecture exploits the self-assembly of PSI complexes on Au both for ease of fabrication and to allow the PSI to be replenished in operando. To maximize the photocurrent, we use AuSE, which is fabricated by evaporating Au onto rotating, porous membranes (Whatman Anodisc) at an angle of 45°, resulting in high-surface-area AuSE electrodes after etching the membrane of AuSE by drop-casting 1 M NaOH for 1 h. The surface of the AuSE electrodes contains thin-walled nanotubes of Au that are wide enough for the inner and outer walls to be covered completely by PSI. The self-assembly of PSI is guided either by IQAc or PCBA as follows. For IQAc, complexes are first formed in solution from a mixture of IQAc peptides and PSI with a ratio of 10:1 to ensure that all PSI complexes are bound with IQAc peptides. Dried AuSE substrates are then immersed in the IQAc-PSI solution for 8 h to ensure the formation of a densely packed mixed monolayer of IQAc-PSI. The IQAc peptides adhere selectively to a small area on the FA/FB side of the PSI complexes (by recognizing the Fe4S4 cluster), anchoring them to the surface of the AuSE electrodes through the cystine anchor; the Fe4S4 terminus of PSI is in direct contact with the electrode, and thus IQAc-PSI tests the efficiency of direct electron injection in the near-perfect (98%) orientation of SAMs of PSI. To fabricate devices with PCBA linkers, SAMs of PCBA are first grown in AuSE and then rinsed with NMP and allowed to dry. The PCBA-modified AuSE electrodes are then immersed in a solution of PSI, which forms SAMs on top of the PCBA assembly that are directed by the terminal carboxylate groups; the terminus of PSI entirely contacts PCBA-AuSE, and thus PSI-PCBA tests the efficiency of electron injection mediated by fullerenes in the near-perfect orientation of SAMs of PSI (Figures S1 and S2).

Figure 1

Figure 1. Schematic of the two configurations of the biophotovoltaic test devices, (a) incorporating a bilayer of PCBA/PSI and (b) incorporating a monolayer of IQAc-PSI. In both configurations, the AuSE electrode is covered by the channel into which EGaIn and electrolyte are sequentially injected. (c) Schematic of an assembled test device showing a 12 mm central channel, which is connected to inlets for injecting EGaIn and electrolyte into either side of an array of 50 μm posts spaced by 50 μm. The total width of the central channel is 475 μm.

High Resolution Image
Download MS PowerPoint Slide
In both configurations, the devices are completed by covering the modified AuSE with a specially designed poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic channel, in which the counter electrode is defined by EGaIn confined in the channel next to the AuSE electrode and the electrolyte comprising the redox couple comprising the remaining volume. This process is explained in detail in ref (15). For this study, we chose a combination of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP, 0.1 mM) and ascorbic acid (5 mM) as redox mediators. (32) Both components are essential for transporting holes from the oriented PSI to the EGaIn electrode, and each plays an important role in the overall performance of the device. While there is certainly room for improvement, this paper focuses on the extraction of electrons from PSI and makes no attempt to further optimize the redox couple. Figure 2 schematically shows the charge flow and orientation of the PSI complex in the completed devices. When light strikes the SAMs of PSI, the resulting excitons are collected by the P700 reaction center, which is immediately oxidized to P700+ by A0, which then relaxes the electron along the A1/FX/FA/FB chain, where it is localized on the exposed Fe4S4 cluster. This electron is either injected directly into AuSE (IQAc-PSI) or a fullerene (PCBA/PSI), while the hole that is localized on P700+, which sits on the ambient side of the SAM, is transferred to DCPIP and shuttled to the EGaIn electrode, assisted by ascorbic acid. (16,49) Fullerenes are well known as efficient acceptors/n-type semiconductors; (50−52) thus, PCBA should readily accept electrons from Fe4S4 (FB) as shown in Figure 3, effectively playing the role that ferredoxin plays on the stromal side of the thylakoid membrane.

Figure 2

Figure 2. Working principle of (a) PCBA-based and (b) IQAc-based biophotovoltaic devices. For PCBA-based devices, a SAM of PCBA is first grown on the AuSE electrode, which directs the subsequent self-assembly of PSI with the stromal side toward the PCBA. For the IQAc peptide-based devices, PSI is first incubated with IQAc, which preferentially binds to the stromal side. A cystine residue then directs the assembly of the IQAc-PSI complexes on the surface of the AuSE electrode. For both configurations, the devices are completed by the injection of EGaIn electrodes and a solution of DCPIP and ascorbic acid. Under illumination, this redox couple shuttles holes from the PSI and the EGaIn electrode, while electrons are injected into PCBA or, in the case of the IQAc-based devices, directly into AuSE.

High Resolution Image
Download MS PowerPoint Slide

Figure 3

Figure 3. Energy level and schematic representation of the final PCBA-based BPV device. (The energy level data are given elsewhere. (53−55)).

High Resolution Image
Download MS PowerPoint Slide
One of the advantages of fullerenes is that they can be readily functionalized without substantially affecting their electronic properties; thus, PCBA is functionally nearly identical to the more well-known methanofullerene acceptor PCBM (56−59) but with a polar, protic carboxylic acid group at the end of the pendant chain. The chemisorption of fullerenes on Au (60) to form densely packed SAMs is similarly unaffected, resulting in SAMs with fullerene anchors and carboxylic acid groups at the ambient interface. (40) Modification of the surface of AuSE, therefore, modifies the work function (via the fullerenes) and presents a polar, protic surface (via the carboxylic acid groups) onto which PSI can assemble, favoring the orientation with the Fe4S4 cluster pointing into the surface. (41−44) In our previous work, we used thiol-SAMs to modify Au substrates with polar and protic groups and unambiguously established the resulting absolute orientations of PSI complexes assembled on top of them. (29) However, this approach places a tunneling barrier between the PSI and the electrode. (15) Here, we avoid that barrier by either directly contacting AuSE with PSI (IQAc-PSI) or coupling PSI to AuSE (PCBA/PSI). Fullerene-SAMs are also much more (electro)chemically stable than thiol-SAMs, making them more suitable for electrode modification in BPV devices. In our previous work, we used phage display to design a peptide sequence (IQA) capable of selectively binding the FA/FB side of PSI, leading to the near-perfect orientation in SAMs on transparent metal oxide surfaces. (28) We adapted these peptides to Au surfaces by installing a cysteine; IQAc has the same sequence as IQA but with a C-terminal cystine residue capable of forming S–Au bonds.

Device Performance

Photocurrent responses of BPV devices incorporating SAMs of PCBA/PSI and IQAc-PSI in the dark and under illumination are shown in Figures 4 and 5, respectively. Extracted parameters of the BPV devices comprising PCBA/PSI and IQAc-PSI such as open-circuit voltage (VOC), short-circuit current density (JSC), fill factor (FF), maximum output power (Pmax), and external power conversion efficiency (η) are summarized in Table 1. The devices comprising PCBA/PSI performed significantly better in every metric, which we ascribe to decreased recombination losses, the effective dipole-supported charge separation, and increased electron and hole densities at the interfaces; the larger difference between the quasi-Fermi levels of electrons and holes, in particular, likely increases VOC and FF. The photocurrent from BPV devices incorporating SAMs of PCBA/PSI was also more stable under constant illumination than those comprising IQAc-PSI; although the average output was stable over 120 min, it fluctuated considerably more for IQAc-PSI than PCBA/PSI (Figure S7). Figure S8 shows absorbance spectra of PCBA/PSI devices, which were measured before (0 min) and after (120 min) under light illumination, thereby characteristic peaks of PSI remaining stable after long exposure to light irradiation. Control devices either lacking PSI or using boiled (deactivated) PSI (Figure S3 and Table S1) generated negligible photocurrent. (61,62)

Figure 4

Figure 4. (a) Current density and (b) output power of a typical BPV device fabricated using a bilayer of PCBA/PSI in the dark and under illumination.

High Resolution Image
Download MS PowerPoint Slide

Figure 5

Figure 5. (a) Current density and (a) output power of a typical BPV device fabricated using a monolayer of IQAc-PSI in the dark and under illumination.

High Resolution Image
Download MS PowerPoint Slide
Table 1. Comparison of Various Parameters of BPV Devices Fabricated Using a Bilayer of PCBA/PSI and a Monolayer of IQAc-PSI
 VOC (V)JSC (μA/cm2)FFPmax (μW/cm2)η (%)
PCBA/PSI0.59126.020.3122.070.0043
IQAc-PSI0.51111.940.2512.020.0027
Figure 6 compares photochronoamperometric measurements for devices comprising PCBA/PSI (black) and IQAc-PSI (red). The comparison of JSC was done under repeated cycles of dark (4 min) and illumination (1 min), indicated with light pink bars. Please note that the photochronoamperometric measurements were performed with a small bias and on the best-performing devices as shown in Figures 6, S7, and S9. The devices comprising PCBA/PSI and IQAc-PSI yielded stable values of JSC (μA/cm2) of 394 and 257, respectively. Figure 6 also compares control devices with only PCBA (green) and only IQAc (blue), yielding stable values of JSC (μA/cm2) of 132 and 85, respectively. These measurements confirm that PSI generates substantial photocurrent, which is larger than that from direct irradiation of the electrodes/linkers. The photocurrent density of BVP devices comprising PCBA/PSI remained stable after two cycles of illumination and then decreased around 14% but remained stable for the remaining illumination cycles. The BPV devices comprising IQAc-PSI, however, decayed gradually after each light/dark cycle, amounting to an overall decrease of 15%. Photochronoamperometric measurements over 150 min (Figure S9), however, reveal a constant degradation for both devices, suggesting that the short-term trends in Figure 6 are related to the linkers (PCBA and IQAc), while the long-term degradation is related to the deactivation of PSI. This deactivation of PSI under illumination is one of the challenges of working with natural photosystems, which undergo photoinhibition (63) on a similar timescale due to photodamage. (64) All of our measurements were performed under a 655 nm laser source, which gives the highest photocurrent response of our BPV devices. The electrical response of our devices under solar illumination was below the noise level due to the physical size of the devices and low incident light absorption of the monolayer of PSI complexes, whereas the findings from other studies represent that the absorption spectra of photosynthetic protein complexes span between the band attributable to the characteristic absorption peaks of pigment proteins (Figure S8), which is in good agreement with the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of other biophotovoltaic devices. (65−67)

Figure 6

Figure 6. Comparison of JSC between four best-performing devices fabricated by a bilayer of PCBA/PSI (black), a monolayer of the mixture of IQAc peptide and PSI (red), a monolayer of PCBA without PSI (green), and a monolayer of IQAc peptide without PSI (blue) under cycles of illumination (1 min) and dark (4 min) over a total of 25 min. The periods in which the devices are illuminated are specified by light pink bars.

High Resolution Image
Download MS PowerPoint Slide
As discussed above, a key feature of our BVP device design is that PSI can be replenished in operando, mimicking the normal turnover of membrane-bound complexes that occurs in organisms. (64) This replenishment exploits the ability of SAMs to undergo in-place exchange, i.e., when a SAM is exposed to a solution containing free molecules, the system returns to the equilibrium state of a pure SAM comprising the free molecules. Thus, the BVP devices are self-regenerating as long as fresh PSI is circulated through their microfluidic channel(s). To determine how IQAc and PCBA affect the regeneration process and to evaluate the stability of the devices over the course of several days, we measured J–V curves of devices containing both linkers over 15 days, introducing fresh PSI on day 8. The lines through the data points of current density were linearly fitted in both PCBA/PSI and IQAc-PSI PV devices over 15 days as shown in Figure 7. During the first 7 days, JSC and FF decreased gradually, at comparable rates (Table 2), suggesting a natural deactivation/desorption process that is intrinsic to PSI and independent of the linker used. The decreasing trend of current density can be seen in the slopes of PCBA/PSI and IQAc-PSI PV devices in Figure 7. (We observed a similar rate of decay in BPV devices comprising thiol-SAM linkers. (15)) On day 8, we circulated a solution of active PSI through the channel containing the AuSE electrode, resulting in the recovery of device performance and increases in JSC above their initial values, as indicated by the green line in Figure 7. In subsequent days, JSC and FF declined as they did in the initial 7 days. This decreasing trend of current density after regeneration of fresh PSI can be seen in the slopes of both PCBA/PSI and IQAc-PSI PV devices in Figure 7. The slopes for IQAc-PSI PV devices (−9.86 before regeneration, −9.95 after) are comparable to those of the PCBA/PSI PV devices (−8.62 and −11.81), and there was no significant change in VOC across the entire experiment. Since VOC is almost entirely a function of the energy offsets between P700+/DCPIP and FB, this trend further supports the hypothesis that PSI is responsible for the photovoltaic effect and its degradation/replenishment determines the overall efficiency of the BPV devices. As the PSI denatures, JSC and FF decrease because there are fewer PSI complexes contributing to the photovoltaic effect, but VOC remains constant because it is primarily a function of energy alignment and is largely unaffected by the decrease in active complexes. The photochronoamperometric measurements for devices comprising PCBA/PSI over 15 days before and after PSI regeneration under cycles of illumination (1 min) and dark (4 min) are evaluated in Figure S5.

Figure 7

Figure 7. Comparison of photocurrent density of two sets of BPV devices fabricated using the bilayer of PCBA/PSI and the monolayer of IQAc-PSI over 15 days. On day 8, active PSI was replaced with inactive PSI. The values of photocurrent density of PCBA/PSI and IQAc-PSI BPV devices were linearly fitted as shown with black and red lines.

High Resolution Image
Download MS PowerPoint Slide
Table 2. Parameters of BPV Devices over 15 daysa
 VOC (V)JSC (μA/cm2)FF
PCBA/PSI
day 10.58115.780.294
day 20.58113.780.254
day 40.57108.270.236
day 70.5688.770.197
day 80.58126.020.300
day 90.57121.530.292
day 120.56100.600.241
day 150.5693.630.186
IQAc-PSI
day 10.5090.430.220
day 20.4981.740.208
day 40.4881.470.192
day 70.4757.660.175
day 80.49101.940.225
day 90.4899.520.218
day 120.4792.130.202
day 150.4771.210.195
a

Fresh PSI was introduced after day 7.

Conclusions

Click to copy section linkSection link copied!
Biophotovoltaic devices that use abundant, naturally occurring photosystem complexes to generate photocurrent are an intriguing approach to photovoltaic energy generation from an intrinsically low-energy manufacturing process. In nature, these protein complexes are perfectly oriented in membranes where the photochemical processes are exactly balanced by a complex arrangement of cofactors. Recreating that self-assembly-driven precision and mimicking the replacement of degraded protein are two (of many) major challenges to the design of stable, high-efficiency devices. We addressed both of these problems with a simple device design that allows the circulation of fresh PSI through devices that use linkers to direct the equilibrium of a self-assembly process toward oriented, active complexes. The performance of devices fabricated using a fullerene, PCBA, was superior to that of a peptide, IQAc, as determined via the short-circuit current, open-circuit photovoltage, and power output. The PCBA linkers self-assemble onto nanopatterned gold electrodes, simultaneously directing the orientation of PSI and facilitating the collection of photogenerated electrons. Although the absolute efficiencies remain impractically low (up to 0.0043%), we used test designs that make no effort at light management and did not optimize the redox couple for the PCBA linker, which we intend to do in future work.

Supporting Information

Click to copy section linkSection link copied!

The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01542.

  • Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of PCBA/PSI and IQAc-PSI, multiday current density, and output power measurements of PCBA/PSI and IQAc-PSI PV devices; comparative photochronoamperometric measurements of PCBA/PSI devices, stability of BPV devices under continuous illumination, UV–vis absorbance spectra of PCBA/PSI devices, longevity study of PCBA/PSI and IQAc-PSI BPV devices in the dark and under illumination; and control measurements (PDF)

Terms & Conditions

Most electronic Supporting Information files are available without a subscription to ACS Web Editions. Such files may be downloaded by article for research use (if there is a public use license linked to the relevant article, that license may permit other uses). Permission may be obtained from ACS for other uses through requests via the RightsLink permission system: http://pubs.acs.org/page/copyright/permissions.html.

Author Information

Click to copy section linkSection link copied!
  • Corresponding Author
    • Ryan C. Chiechi - Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;  Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;  Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0895-2095;  Email: [email protected]
  • Authors
    • Nahid Torabi - Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;  Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;  Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
    • Xinkai Qiu - Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;  Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;  Present Address: Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom;  Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5857-6414
    • Manuel López-Ortiz - IBEC—Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, Barcelona 08028, Spain;  Network Biomedical Research Center in Biomaterials, Bioengineering and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
    • Mark Loznik - Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany;  DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
    • Andreas Herrmann - Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;  Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany;  DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany;  Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8886-0894
    • Ahmad Kermanpur - Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran;  Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9339-0180
    • Ali Ashrafi - Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
  • Notes
    The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Acknowledgments

Click to copy section linkSection link copied!

N.T. acknowledges the Zernike Institute of Advanced Materials. N.T. acknowledges financial support from the Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology of Iran (MSRT). We thank Pau Gorostiza Langa and Ricardo Zamora Brito at the Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) for their cooperation during the preparation of IQAc peptides.

References

Click to copy section linkSection link copied!

This article references 67 other publications.

  1. 1
    Scharber, M.; Mühlbacher, D.; Koppe, M.; Denk, P.; Waldauf, C.; Heeger, A.; Brabec, C. Design Rules for Donors in Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells—Towards 10 % Energy-Conversion Efficiency. Adv. Mater. 2006, 18, 789– 794,  DOI: 10.1002/adma.200501717
    Google Scholar
    1
    Design rules for donors in bulk-heterojunction solar cells-towards 10 % energy-conversion efficiency
    Scharber, Markus C.; Muehlbacher, David; Koppe, Markus; Denk, Patrick; Waldauf, Christoph; Heeger, Alan J.; Brabec, Christoph J.
    Advanced Materials (Weinheim, Germany) (2006), 18 (6), 789-794CODEN: ADVMEW; ISSN:0935-9648. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)
    Solar cells were fabricated from a variety of com. available compds. and were studied. For bulk-heterojunction photovoltaic cells fabricated from conjugated polymers and a fullerene deriv., the relation between the open-circuit voltage (Voc) and the oxidn. potential for different conjugated polymers is studied. A linear relation between Voc and the oxidn. potential is found (see figure). Based on this relation, the energy-conversion efficiency of a bulk-heterojunction solar cell is derived as a function of the bandgap and the energy levels of the conjugated polymer.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD28XjsV2isrw%253D&md5=2b4b2b73db6b35d7f375c2ffd65e66c0
  2. 2
    Clarke, T. M.; Durrant, J. R. Charge Photogeneration in Organic Solar Cells. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 6736– 6767,  DOI: 10.1021/cr900271s
    Google Scholar
    2
    Charge Photogeneration in Organic Solar Cells
    Clarke, Tracey M.; Durrant, James R.
    Chemical Reviews (Washington, DC, United States) (2010), 110 (11), 6736-6767CODEN: CHREAY; ISSN:0009-2665. (American Chemical Society)
    A review. Org. solar cells utilizing π-conjugated polymers have attracted interest in the academic and com. communities. These polymers are promising in terms of their electronic properties, low cost, versatility of functionalization, thin film flexibility, and ease of processing. These factors indicate that org. solar cells, although currently having relatively low power conversion efficiencies of 5 to 7%, compared to inorg. solar cells, they can compete effectively with alternative solar cell technologies. The efficiency of org. solar cells need further improvement.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3cXjs1yksg%253D%253D&md5=64230a8447194c23ff34167436a83745
  3. 3
    Grätzel, M. Materials for Sustainable Energy; Co-Published with Macmillan Publishers Ltd.: U.K., 2010; pp 26– 32.
    Google Scholar
    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
  4. 4
    Nguyen, K.; Bruce, B. D. Growing Green Electricity: Progress and Strategies for Use of Photosystem I for Sustainable Photovoltaic Energy Conversion. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Bioenerg. 2014, 1837, 1553– 1566,  DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.12.013
    Google Scholar
    4
    Growing green electricity: Progress and strategies for use of Photosystem I for sustainable photovoltaic energy conversion
    Nguyen, Khoa; Bruce, Barry D.
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Bioenergetics (2014), 1837 (9), 1553-1566CODEN: BBBEB4; ISSN:0005-2728. (Elsevier B. V.)
    Oxygenic photosynthesis is driven via sequential action of Photosystem II (PSII) and (PSI)reaction centers via the Z-scheme. Both of these pigment-membrane protein complexes are found in cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. Unlike PSII, PSI is remarkably stable and does not undergo limiting photo-damage. This stability, as well as other fundamental structural differences, makes PSI the most attractive reaction centers for applied photosynthetic applications. These applied applications exploit the efficient light harvesting and high quantum yield of PSI where the isolated PSI particles are redeployed providing electrons directly as a photocurrent or, via a coupled catalyst to yield H2. Recent advances in mol. genetics, synthetic biol., and nanotechnol. have merged to allow PSI to be integrated into a myriad of biohybrid devices. In photocurrent producing devices, PSI has been immobilized onto various electrode substrates with a continuously evolving toolkit of strategies and novel reagents. However, these innovative yet highly variable designs make it difficult to identify the rate-limiting steps and/or components that function as bottlenecks in PSI-biohybrid devices. In this study we aim to highlight these recent advances with a focus on identifying the similarities and differences in electrode surfaces, immobilization/orientation strategies, and artificial redox mediators. Collectively this work has been able to maintain an annual increase in photocurrent d. (A cm- 2) of ∼ 10-fold over the past decade. The potential drawbacks and attractive features of some of these schemes are also discussed with their feasibility on a large-scale. As an environmentally benign and renewable resource, PSI may provide a new sustainable source of bioenergy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Photosynthesis Research for Sustainability: Keys to Produce Clean Energy.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXhvFGktrY%253D&md5=e52883e42b53520558ab28ffdc8e6f5c
  5. 5
    Brettel, K.; Leibl, W. Electron Transfer in Photosystem I. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Bioenerg. 2001, 1507, 100– 114,  DOI: 10.1016/S0005-2728(01)00202-X
    Google Scholar
    5
    Electron transfer in photosystem I
    Brettel, Klaus; Leibl, Winfried
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Bioenergetics (2001), 1507 (1-3), 100-114CODEN: BBBEB4; ISSN:0005-2728. (Elsevier B.V.)
    A review. This mini-review focuses on recent exptl. results and questions, which came up since the last more comprehensive reviews on the subject. We include a brief discussion of the different techniques used for time-resolved studies of electron transfer in photosystem I (PS I) and relate the kinetic results to new structural data of the PS I reaction center.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD3MXnvFCktbY%253D&md5=54853ac113aab68bf53d1d9495a8a7a7
  6. 6
    Nelson, N.; Ben-Shem, A. The Complex Architecture of Oxygenic Photosynthesis. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2004, 5, 971– 982,  DOI: 10.1038/nrm1525
    Google Scholar
    6
    The complex architecture of oxygenic photosynthesis
    Nelson, Nathan; Ben-Shem, Adam
    Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (2004), 5 (12), 971-982CODEN: NRMCBP; ISSN:1471-0072. (Nature Publishing Group)
    A review. Oxygenic photosynthesis is the principal producer of both oxygen and org. matter on earth. The primary step in this process, i.e., the conversion of sunlight into chem. energy, is driven by four multisubunit membrane-protein complexes that are known as photosystem I, photosystem II, cytochrome b6f and F-ATPase. Structural insights into these complexes have provided a framework for the exploration not only of energy and electron transfer, but also of the evolutionary forces that shaped the photosynthetic app.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2cXhtVarsbzP&md5=861031c7898c616cda294676edac6607
  7. 7
    Nelson, N.; Yocum, C. F. Structure And Function Of Photosystems I And Ii. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 2006, 57, 521– 565,  DOI: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105350
    Google Scholar
    7
    Structure and function of photosystems I and II
    Nelson, Nathan; Yocum, Charles F.
    Annual Review of Plant Biology (2006), 57 (), 521-565CODEN: ARPBDW ISSN:. (Annual Reviews Inc.)
    A review. Oxygenic photosynthesis, the principal converter of sunlight into chem. energy on earth, is catalyzed by four multi-subunit membrane-protein complexes: photosystem I (PSI), photosystem II (PSII), the cytochrome b6f complex, and F-ATPase. PSI generates the most neg. redox potential in nature and largely dets. the global amt. of enthalpy in living systems. PSII generates an oxidant whose redox potential is high enough to enable it to oxidize H2O, a substrate so abundant that it assures a practically unlimited electron source for life on earth. During the last century, the sophisticated techniques of spectroscopy, mol. genetics, and biochem. were used to reveal the structure and function of the two photosystems. The new structures of PSI and PSII from cyanobacteria, algae, and plants has shed light not only on the architecture and mechanism of action of these intricate membrane complexes, but also on the evolutionary forces that shaped oxygenic photosynthesis.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD28XosVKht7w%253D&md5=b6e2c2856d90824f9855afe39ac78adb
  8. 8
    El-Mohsnawy, E.; Kopczak, M. J.; Schlodder, E.; Nowaczyk, M.; Meyer, H. E.; Warscheid, B.; Karapetyan, N. V.; Rögner, M. Structure and Function of Intact Photosystem 1 Monomers From the Cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus. Biochemistry 2010, 49, 4740– 4751,  DOI: 10.1021/bi901807p
    Google Scholar
    8
    Structure and Function of Intact Photosystem 1 Monomers from the Cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus
    El-Mohsnawy, Eithar; Kopczak, Marta J.; Schlodder, Eberhard; Nowaczyk, Marc; Meyer, Helmut E.; Warscheid, Bettina; Karapetyan, Navassard V.; Roegner, Matthias
    Biochemistry (2010), 49 (23), 4740-4751CODEN: BICHAW; ISSN:0006-2960. (American Chemical Society)
    Until now, the functional and structural characterization of monomeric photosystem 1 (PS1) complexes from Thermosynechococcus elongatus has been hampered by the lack of a fully intact PS1 prepn.; for this reason, the three-dimensional crystal structure at 2.5 Å resoln. was detd. with the trimeric PS1 complex. Here, the possibility of isolating from this cyanobacterium the intact monomeric PS1 complex which preserves all subunits and the photochem. activity of the isolated trimeric complex is shown. Moreover, the equil. between these complexes in the thylakoid membrane can be shifted by a high-salt treatment in favor of monomeric PS1 which can be quant. extd. below the phase transition temp. Both monomers and trimers exhibit identical post-translational modifications of their subunits and the same reaction centers but differ in the long-wavelength antenna chlorophylls. Their chlorophyll/P700 ratio (108 for the monomer and 112 for the trimer) is slightly higher than in the crystal structure, confirming mild prepn. conditions. Interaction of antenna chlorophylls of the monomers within the trimer leads to a larger amt. of long-wavelength chlorophylls, resulting in a higher photochem. activity of the trimers under red or far-red illumination. The dynamic equil. between monomers and trimers in the thylakoid membrane may indicate a transient monomer population in the course of biogenesis and could also be the basis for short-term adaptation of the cell to changing environmental conditions.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3cXmtlCrt78%253D&md5=1103363c3a1f714f07e1179bb7708a03
  9. 9
    Gordiichuk, P. I.; Wetzelaer, G.-J. A. H.; Rimmerman, D.; Gruszka, A.; de Vries, J. W.; Saller, M.; Gautier, D. A.; Catarci, S.; Pesce, D.; Richter, S.; Blom, P. W. M.; Herrmann, A. Solid-State Biophotovoltaic Cells Containing Photosystem I. Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 4863– 4869,  DOI: 10.1002/adma.201401135
    Google Scholar
    9
    Solid-state biophotovoltaic cells containing Photosystem I
    Gordiichuk, Pavlo I.; Wetzelaer, Gert-Jan A. H.; Rimmerman, Dolev; Gruszka, Agnieszka; Willem de Vries, Jan X.; Saller, Manfred; Gautier, Daniel A.; Catarci, Stefano; Pesce, Diego; Richter, Shachar; Blom, Paul W. M.; Herrmann, Andreas
    Advanced Materials (Weinheim, Germany) (2014), 26 (28), 4863-4869CODEN: ADVMEW; ISSN:0935-9648. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)
    Processes occurring during photosynthesis, such as dynamic self-repair, light harvesting and quantum effects can be integrated into man-made photovoltaic devices. One of the most frequently used photoactive building blocks for that purpose is the multiprotein complex photosystem I (PSI). Biophotovoltaic devices similar to DSSCs were fabricated by self-assembly of PSI on 3D nanostructured semiconductor electrodes using a liq. electrolyte as redox mediator. Here, we introduce the implementation of PSI in org. electronic devices that combine the ease of processing of org. semiconductors with the biophotovoltaic activity of PSI.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXos1CjtL0%253D&md5=2ca7ed4b6f064ba7a6480e00fc62f364
  10. 10
    Gizzie, E. A.; Niezgoda, J. S.; Robinson, M. T.; Harris, A. G.; Jennings, G. K.; Rosenthal, S. J.; Cliffel, D. E. Photosystem I-Polyaniline/TiO2 Solid-State Solar Cells: Simple Devices for Biohybrid Solar Energy Conversion. Energy Environ. Sci. 2015, 8, 3572– 3576,  DOI: 10.1039/C5EE03008K
    Google Scholar
    10
    Photosystem I-polyaniline/TiO2 solid-state solar cells: simple devices for biohybrid solar energy conversion
    Gizzie, Evan A.; Scott Niezgoda, J.; Robinson, Maxwell T.; Harris, Andrew G.; Kane Jennings, G.; Rosenthal, Sandra J.; Cliffel, David E.
    Energy & Environmental Science (2015), 8 (12), 3572-3576CODEN: EESNBY; ISSN:1754-5706. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
    Novel Photosystem I (PSI) based solid-state solar cells were prepd. by directly electropolymg. polyaniline (PAni) in the presence of solubilized PSI on a TiO2 anode. These devices feature a unique bio-derived, photoactive composite layer for efficient charge sepn. and charge transfer from protein to electrode. This work introduces a new artificial photosynthesis platform for scalable and sustainable solar energy conversion.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXhslKlu7zF&md5=68fc1fd014604ab64e98f33aeea837b2
  11. 11
    Beam, J. C.; LeBlanc, G.; Gizzie, E. A.; Ivanov, B. L.; Needell, D. R.; Shearer, M. J.; Jennings, G. K.; Lukehart, C. M.; Cliffel, D. E. Construction of a Semiconductor-Biological Interface for Solar Energy Conversion: P-Doped Silicon/Photosystem I/Zinc Oxide. Langmuir 2015, 31, 10002– 10007,  DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02334
    Google Scholar
    11
    Construction of a Semiconductor-Biological Interface for Solar Energy Conversion: p-Doped Silicon/Photosystem I/Zinc Oxide
    Beam, Jeremiah C.; LeBlanc, Gabriel; Gizzie, Evan A.; Ivanov, Borislav L.; Needell, David R.; Shearer, Melinda J.; Jennings, G. Kane; Lukehart, Charles M.; Cliffel, David E.
    Langmuir (2015), 31 (36), 10002-10007CODEN: LANGD5; ISSN:0743-7463. (American Chemical Society)
    The interface between photoactive biol. materials with two distinct semiconducting electrodes is challenging both to develop and analyze. Building off of our previous work using films of photosystem I (PSI) on p-doped silicon, we have deposited a cryst. zinc oxide (ZnO) anode using confined-plume chem. deposition (CPCD). We demonstrate the ability of CPCD to deposit cryst. ZnO without damage to the PSI biomaterial. Using electrochem. techniques, we were able to probe this complex semiconductor-biol. interface. Finally, as a proof of concept, a solid-state photovoltaic device consisting of p-doped silicon, PSI, ZnO, and ITO was constructed and evaluated.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXhsVWnt7vN&md5=778629b0d4513362da375db30f6af127
  12. 12
    Das, R.; Kiley, P. J.; Segal, M.; Norville, J.; Yu, A. A.; Wang, L.; Trammell, S. A.; Reddick, L. E.; Kumar, R.; Stellacci, F.; Lebedev, N.; Schnur, J.; Bruce, B. D.; Zhang, S.; Baldo, M. Integration of Photosynthetic Protein Molecular Complexes in Solid-State Electronic Devices. Nano Lett. 2004, 4, 1079– 1083,  DOI: 10.1021/nl049579f
    Google Scholar
    12
    Integration of Photosynthetic Protein Molecular Complexes in Solid-State Electronic Devices
    Das, Rupa; Kiley, Patrick J.; Segal, Michael; Norville, Julie; Yu, A. Amy; Wang, Leyu; Trammell, Scott A.; Reddick, L. Evan; Kumar, Rajay; Stellacci, Francesco; Lebedev, Nikolai; Schnur, Joel; Bruce, Barry D.; Zhang, Shuguang; Baldo, Marc
    Nano Letters (2004), 4 (6), 1079-1083CODEN: NALEFD; ISSN:1530-6984. (American Chemical Society)
    Plants and photosynthetic bacteria contain protein-mol. complexes that harvest photons with nearly optimum quantum yield and an expected power conversion efficiency exceeding 20%. In this work, we demonstrate the integration of elec. active photosynthetic protein-mol. complexes in solid-state devices, realizing photodetectors and photovoltaic cells with internal quantum efficiencies of approx. 12%. Electronic integration of devices is achieved by self-assembling an oriented monolayer of photosynthetic complexes, stabilizing them with surfactant peptides, and then coating them with a protective org. semiconductor.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2cXktValsLc%253D&md5=19670ae6c5c5c6a2b2f59da6b38f4b17
  13. 13
    Ciornii, D.; Riedel, M.; Stieger, K. R.; Feifel, S. C.; Hejazi, M.; Lokstein, H.; Zouni, A.; Lisdat, F. Bioelectronic Circuit on a 3D Electrode Architecture: Enzymatic Catalysis Interconnected With Photosystem I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 16478– 16481,  DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10161
    Google Scholar
    13
    Bioelectronic Circuit on a 3D Electrode Architecture: Enzymatic Catalysis Interconnected with Photosystem I
    Ciornii, Dmitri; Riedel, Marc; Stieger, Kai R.; Feifel, Sven C.; Hejazi, Mahdi; Lokstein, Heiko; Zouni, Athina; Lisdat, Fred
    Journal of the American Chemical Society (2017), 139 (46), 16478-16481CODEN: JACSAT; ISSN:0002-7863. (American Chemical Society)
    Artificial light-driven signal chains are particularly important for the development of systems converting light into a current, into chems. or for light-induced sensing. Here, we report on the construction of an all-protein, light-triggered, catalytic circuit based on photosystem I, cytochrome c (cyt c) and human sulfite oxidase (hSOX). The defined assembly of all components using a modular design results in an artificial biohybrid electrode architecture, combining the photophys. features of PSI with the biocatalytic properties of hSOX for advanced light-controlled bioelectronics. The working principle is based on a competitive switch between electron supply from the electrode or by enzymic substrate conversion.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2sXhslGnu77O&md5=1101e3a8e40811274e87b4ceda75dd28
  14. 14
    Passantino, J. M.; Wolfe, K. D.; Simon, K. T.; Cliffel, D. E.; Jennings, G. K. Photosystem I Enhances the Efficiency of a Natural, Gel-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell. ACS Appl. Bio Mater. 2020, 3, 4465– 4473,  DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00446
    Google Scholar
    14
    Photosystem I Enhances the Efficiency of a Natural, Gel-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
    Passantino, Joshua M.; Wolfe, Kody D.; Simon, Keiann T.; Cliffel, David E.; Jennings, G. Kane
    ACS Applied Bio Materials (2020), 3 (7), 4465-4473CODEN: AABMCB; ISSN:2576-6422. (American Chemical Society)
    The photosystem I (PSI) protein complex is known to enhance bioelectrode performance for many liq.-based photoelectrochem. cells. A hydrogel as electrolyte media allows for simpler fabrication of more robust and practical solar cells in comparison to liq.-based devices. This paper reports a natural, gel-based dye-sensitized solar cell that integrates PSI to improve device efficiency. TiO2-coated FTO slides, dyed by blackberry anthocyanin, act as a photoanode, while a film of PSI deposited onto copper comprises the photocathode. Ascorbic acid (AscH) and 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) are the redox mediator couple inside an agarose hydrogel, enabling PSI to produce excess oxidized species near the cathode to improve device performance. A comparison of performance at low pH and neutral pH was performed to test the pH-dependent properties of the AscH/DCPIP couple. Devices at neutral pH performed better than those at lower pH. The PSI film enhanced photovoltage by 75 mV to a total photovoltage of 0.45 V per device and provided a mediator concn.-dependent photocurrent enhancement over non-PSI devices, reaching an instantaneous power conversion efficiency of 0.30% compared to 0.18% without PSI, a 1.67-fold increase. At steady state, power conversion efficiencies for devices with and without PSI were 0.042 and 0.028%, resp.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXhtVaqs7%252FF&md5=c05ce99e63af1f6cc0dc60fe61134da6
  15. 15
    Qiu, X.; Ocampo, O. C.; de Vries, H. W.; van Putten, M.; Loznik, M.; Herrmann, A.; Chiechi, R. C. Self-Regenerating Soft Biophotovoltaic Devices. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 37625– 37633,  DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11115
    Google Scholar
    15
    Self-Regenerating Soft Biophotovoltaic Devices
    Qiu, Xinkai; Castaneda Ocampo, Olga; de Vries, Hendrik W.; van Putten, Maikel; Loznik, Mark; Herrmann, Andreas; Chiechi, Ryan C.
    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2018), 10 (43), 37625-37633CODEN: AAMICK; ISSN:1944-8244. (American Chemical Society)
    This paper describes the fabrication of soft, stretchable biophotovoltaic devices that generate photocurrent from photosystem I (PSI) complexes that are self-assembled onto Au electrodes with a preferred orientation. Charge is collected by the direct injection of electrons into the Au electrode and the transport of holes through a redox couple to liq. eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) (alloy) electrodes that are confined to microfluidic pseudochannels by arrays of posts. The pseudochannels are defined in a single fabrication step that leverages the non-Newtonian rheol. of EGaIn. This strategy is extended to the fabrication of reticulated electrodes that are inherently stretchable. A simple shadow evapn. technique is used to increase the surface area of the Au electrodes by a factor of approx. 106 compared to planar electrodes. The power conversion efficiency of the biophotovoltaic devices decreases over time, presumably as the PSI complexes denature and/or detach from the Au electrodes. However, by circulating a soln. of active PSI complexes the devices self-regenerate by mass action/self-assembly. These devices leverage simple fabrication techniques to produce complex function and prove that photovoltaic devices comprising PSI can retain the ability to regenerate, one of the most important functions of photosynthetic organisms.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXhvVKlurvO&md5=a9327ea3e2adb1c8ef286d1386da8a2d
  16. 16
    Wolfe, K. D.; Dervishogullari, D.; Stachurski, C. D.; Passantino, J. M.; Jennings, G. K.; Cliffel, D. E. Photosystem I Multilayers Within Porous Indium Tin Oxide Cathodes Enhance Mediated Electron Transfer. ChemElectroChem 2020, 7, 596– 603,  DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901628
    Google Scholar
    16
    Photosystem I Multilayers within Porous Indium Tin Oxide Cathodes Enhance Mediated Electron Transfer
    Wolfe, Kody D.; Dervishogullari, Dilek; Stachurski, Christopher D.; Passantino, Joshua M.; Kane Jennings, G.; Cliffel, David E.
    ChemElectroChem (2020), 7 (3), 596-603CODEN: CHEMRA; ISSN:2196-0216. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)
    Understanding and improving charge transfer pathways between extd. Photosystem I (PSI) protein complexes and electrodes is necessary for the development of low-cost PSI-based devices for energy conversion. We incorporated PSI multilayers within porous indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes and obsd. a greater mediated photocurrent in comparison to multilayers on planar ITO. First, the mediated electron transfer (MET) pathway in the presence of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) and ascorbate (AscH) was studied via photochronoamperometry on planar ITO. ITO nanoparticles were then used to fabricate two porous electrode morphologies; mesoporous (20-100 nm pores) and macroporous (5μm pores). PSI multilayers within macroporous ITO cathodes produced 42±5μA cm-2 of photocurrent, three times the photocurrent produced by mesoporous ITO. Addnl., macroporous cathodes are able to utilize twice as much active surface area, when compared to mesoporous cathodes. Our findings show that MET within PSI multilayers is greater in 5μm macropores than mesoporous ITO due to both an increase in electrode surface area and the location of PSI complexes within the pores. Improving MET in PSI-based bioelectrodes has applications including improving the total charge transfer achieved in PSI-based photoelectrochem. cells or even incorporation in bio-photocatalytic cells.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1MXitlGhsbrM&md5=56202e4e1f090f3abc5b509c6aa10892
  17. 17
    Ciesielski, P. N.; Hijazi, F. M.; Scott, A. M.; Faulkner, C. J.; Beard, L.; Emmett, K.; Rosenthal, S. J.; Cliffel, D.; Jennings, G. K. Photosystem I-Based biohybrid photoelectrochemical cells. Bioresour. Technol. 2010, 101, 3047– 3053,  DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.045
    Google Scholar
    17
    Photosystem I- based biohybrid photoelectrochemical cells
    Ciesielski, Peter N.; Hijazi, Frederick M.; Scott, Amanda M.; Faulkner, Christopher J.; Beard, Lisa; Emmett, Kevin; Rosenthal, Sandra J.; Cliffel, David; Kane Jennings, G.
    Bioresource Technology (2010), 101 (9), 3047-3053CODEN: BIRTEB; ISSN:0960-8524. (Elsevier Ltd.)
    Photosynthesis is the process by which Nature coordinates a tandem of protein complexes of impressive complexity that function to harness staggering amts. of solar energy on a global scale. Advances in biochem. and nanotechnol. have provided tools to isolate and manipulate the individual components of this process, thus opening a door to a new class of highly functional and vastly abundant biol. resources. Here we show how one of these components, Photosystem I (PSI), is incorporated into an electrochem. system to yield a stand-alone biohybrid photoelectrochem. cell that converts light energy into elec. energy. The cells make use of a dense multilayer of PSI complexes assembled on the surface of the cathode to produce a photocatalytic effect that generates photocurrent densities of ∼2 μA/cm2 at moderate light intensities. We describe the relationship between the current and voltage prodn. of the cells and the photoinduced interactions of PSI complexes with electrochem. mediators, and show that the performance of the present device is limited by diffusional transport of the electrochem. mediators through the electrolyte. These biohybrid devices display remarkable stability, as they remain active in ambient conditions for at least 280 days. Even at bench-scale prodn., the materials required to fabricate the cells described in this manuscript cost ∼10 cents per cm2 of active electrode area.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3cXhtVantrg%253D&md5=9e8050e1f7147619d3395b9aa0072acf
  18. 18
    Tschörtner, J.; Lai, B.; Krömer, J. O. Biophotovoltaics: Green Power Generation From Sunlight and Water. Front. Microbiol. 2019, 10, 866  DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00866
    Google Scholar
    18
    Biophotovoltaics: Green Power Generation From Sunlight and Water
    Tschortner Jenny; Lai Bin; Kromer Jens O
    Frontiers in microbiology (2019), 10 (), 866 ISSN:1664-302X.
    Biophotovoltaics is a relatively new discipline in microbial fuel cell research. The basic idea is the conversion of light energy into electrical energy using photosynthetic microorganisms. The microbes will use their photosynthetic apparatus and the incoming light to split the water molecule. The generated protons and electrons are harvested using a bioelectrochemical system. The key challenge is the extraction of electrons from the microbial electron transport chains into a solid-state anode. On the cathode, a corresponding electrochemical counter reaction will consume the protons and electrons, e.g., through the oxygen reduction to water, or hydrogen formation. In this review, we are aiming to summarize the current state of the art and point out some limitations. We put a specific emphasis on cyanobacteria, as these microbes are considered future workhorses for photobiotechnology and are currently the most widely applied microbes in biophotovoltaics research. Current progress in biophotovoltaics is limited by very low current outputs of the devices while a lack of comparability and standardization of the experimental set-up hinders a systematic optimization of the systems. Nevertheless, the fundamental questions of redox homeostasis in photoautotrophs and the potential to directly harvest light energy from a highly efficient photosystem, rather than through oxidation of inefficiently produced biomass are highly relevant aspects of biophotovoltaics.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A280%3ADC%252BB3M7otlemsA%253D%253D&md5=36cf44fed74aed94e6e870f7ee5c031f
  19. 19
    Sokol, K. P.; Mersch, D.; Hartmann, V.; Zhang, J. Z.; Nowaczyk, M. M.; Rögner, M.; Ruff, A.; Schuhmann, W.; Plumeré, N.; Reisner, E. Rational Wiring of Photosystem II to Hierarchical Indium Tin Oxide Electrodes Using Redox Polymers. Energy Environ. Sci. 2016, 9, 3698– 3709,  DOI: 10.1039/C6EE01363E
    Google Scholar
    19
    Rational wiring of photosystem II to hierarchical indium tin oxide electrodes using redox polymers
    Sokol, Katarzyna P.; Mersch, Dirk; Hartmann, Volker; Zhang, Jenny Z.; Nowaczyk, Marc M.; Rogner, Matthias; Ruff, Adrian; Schuhmann, Wolfgang; Plumere, Nicolas; Reisner, Erwin
    Energy & Environmental Science (2016), 9 (12), 3698-3709CODEN: EESNBY; ISSN:1754-5706. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
    A benchmark Photosystem II (PSII)-electrode system that combines the efficient wiring afforded by redox-active polymers with the high loading provided by hierarchically-structured inverse opal indium tin oxide (IO-ITO) electrodes was reported. Compared to flat electrodes, the hierarchical IO-ITO electrodes enabled up to an approx. 50-fold increase in the immobilization of an Os complex-modified and a phenothiazine-modified polymer. When the Os complex-modified polymer is co-adsorbed with PSII on the hierarchical electrodes, photocurrent densities of up to ∼410μA cm-2 at 0.5 V vs. SHE were obsd. in the absence of diffusional mediators, demonstrating a substantially improved wiring of PSII to the IO-ITO electrode with the redox polymer. The high photocurrent d. allowed for the quantification of O2 evolution, and a Faradaic efficiency of 85 ± 9% was measured. As such, we have demonstrated a high performing and fully integrated host-guest system with excellent electronic wiring and loading capacity. This assembly strategy may form the basis of all-integrated electrode designs for a wide range of biol. and synthetic catalysts.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XhtFSntr%252FF&md5=19daa1e0f16d1b093fdcba607a154fd1
  20. 20
    Takekuma, Y.; Ikeda, N.; Kawakami, K.; Kamiya, N.; Nango, M.; Nagata, M. Photocurrent Generation by a Photosystem I-NiO Photocathode for a P-Type Biophotovoltaic Tandem Cell. RSC Adv. 2020, 10, 15734– 15739,  DOI: 10.1039/D0RA01793K
    Google Scholar
    20
    Photocurrent generation by a photosystem I-NiO photocathode for a p-type biophotovoltaic tandem cell
    Takekuma, Yuya; Ikeda, Nobuhiro; Kawakami, Keisuke; Kamiya, Nobuo; Nango, Mamoru; Nagata, Morio
    RSC Advances (2020), 10 (27), 15734-15739CODEN: RSCACL; ISSN:2046-2069. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
    Photosynthesis is a process used by algae and plants to convert light energy into chem. energy. Due to their uniquely natural and environmentally friendly nature, photosynthetic proteins have attracted attention for use in a variety of artificial applications. Among the various types, biophotovoltaics based on dye-sensitized solar cells have been demonstrated in many studies. Although most related works have used n-type semiconductors, a p-type semiconductor is also a significant potential component for tandem cells. In this work, we used mesoporous NiO as a p-type semiconductor substrate for Photosystem I (PSI) and demonstrated a p-type PSI-biophotovoltaic and tandem cell based on dye-sensitized solar cells. Under visible light illumination, the PSI-adsorbed NiO electrode generated a cathodic photocurrent. The p-type biophotovoltaic cell using the PSI-adsorbed NiO electrode generated electricity, and the IPCE spectrum was consistent with the absorption spectrum of PSI. These results indicate that the PSI-adsorbed NiO electrode acts as a photocathode. Moreover, a tandem cell consisting of the PSI-NiO photocathode and a PSI-TiO2 photoanode showed a high open-circuit voltage of over 0.7 V under illumination to the TiO2 side. Thus, the tandem strategy can be utilized for biophotovoltaics, and the use of other biomaterials that match the solar spectrum will lead to further progress in photovoltaic performance.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXnsFSrt74%253D&md5=7af29c8b5f726082b7b6fdc3cd18acbf
  21. 21
    Takeuchi, R.; Suzuki, A.; Sakai, K.; Kitazumi, Y.; Shirai, O.; Kano, K. Construction of Photo-Driven Bioanodes Using Thylakoid Membranes and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Bioelectrochemistry 2018, 122, 158– 163,  DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.04.001
    Google Scholar
    21
    Construction of photo-driven bioanodes using thylakoid membranes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes
    Takeuchi, Ryosuke; Suzuki, Arato; Sakai, Kento; Kitazumi, Yuki; Shirai, Osamu; Kano, Kenji
    Bioelectrochemistry (2018), 122 (), 158-163CODEN: BIOEFK; ISSN:1567-5394. (Elsevier B.V.)
    A photo-driven bioanode was constructed using the thylakoid membrane from spinach, carbon nanotubes, and an artificial mediator. By considering a linear free-energy relationship in the electron transfer from the thylakoid membrane to the mediators, and the oxygen resistance of the reduced mediators, 1,2-naphthoquinone was selected as the most suitable mediator for the photo-driven bioanode. Water-dispersed multi-walled carbon nanotubes served as scaffolds to hold the thylakoid membrane on a porous electrode. The constructed photo-driven bioanode exhibited a photocurrent d. of over 100 μA cm-2 at a photon flux d. of 1500 μmol m-2 s-1.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXntlSht7Y%253D&md5=00463d46342ea4662f259478b016262e
  22. 22
    Pankratov, D.; Zhao, J.; Nur, M. A.; Shen, F.; Leech, D.; Chi, Q.; Pankratova, G.; Gorton, L. The Influence of Surface Composition of Carbon Nanotubes on the Photobioelectrochemical Activity of Thylakoid Bioanodes Mediated by Osmium-Complex Modified Redox Polymer. Electrochim. Acta 2019, 310, 20– 25,  DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.097
    Google Scholar
    22
    The influence of surface composition of carbon nanotubes on the photobioelectrochemical activity of thylakoid bioanodes mediated by osmium-complex modified redox polymer
    Pankratov, Dmitry; Zhao, Jianming; Nur, Mohammed Ahmed; Shen, Fei; Leech, Donal; Chi, Qijin; Pankratova, Galina; Gorton, Lo
    Electrochimica Acta (2019), 310 (), 20-25CODEN: ELCAAV; ISSN:0013-4686. (Elsevier Ltd.)
    A combination of photosynthetic biocatalysts with high surface area conductive materials mediated by an Os-complex modified redox polymer (OsRP) holds promising features for the development of sustainable green systems for solar energy conversion. The authors performed a comparative study of two types of C nanotubes (CNTs) synthesized by pyrolysis of polymeric precursors. Both CNTs were of similar morphol., but had a different surface C/O ratio. The CNTs were used as a support for immobilization of thylakoid membranes, electrochem. wired through the OsRP. The photobioanodes based on the CNTs with a higher C/O ratio exhibit a higher max. photocurrent d. of 97.1 ± 8.3μA cm-2 at a light intensity of 400 W m-2 with reduced charge transfer resistance, but had lower operational stability. The authors' results demonstrate the significance of studying of electrochem. communication between the photosynthetic component, the redox mediator and the support nanomaterial and may offer new opportunities for designing and optimization of mediated bioelectrochem. systems.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1MXosVSltbk%253D&md5=5d9395e92ef715c2b79468266833dc80
  23. 23
    Feifel, S. C.; Stieger, K. R.; Hejazi, M.; Wang, X.; Ilbert, M.; Zouni, A.; Lojou, E.; Lisdat, F. Dihemic C4-Type Cytochrome Acting as a Surrogate Electron Conduit: Artificially Interconnecting a Photosystem I Supercomplex With Electrodes. Electrochem. Commun. 2018, 91, 49– 53,  DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.05.006
    Google Scholar
    23
    Dihemic c4-type cytochrome acting as a surrogate electron conduit: Artificially interconnecting a photosystem I supercomplex with electrodes
    Feifel, Sven C.; Stieger, Kai R.; Hejazi, Mahdi; Wang, Xie; Ilbert, Marianne; Zouni, Athina; Lojou, Elisabeth; Lisdat, Fred
    Electrochemistry Communications (2018), 91 (), 49-53CODEN: ECCMF9; ISSN:1388-2481. (Elsevier B.V.)
    Connection of photosystem I (PSI) with electrodes has been shown to create artificial photosynthetic systems that hold promise for the synthesis of solar fuels. The high quantum yields of PSI require efficient electron transfer from the electrode to the reaction center of PSI in order to restock the light-induced holes, a task which in nature is performed by small redox proteins. Here, we have investigated the potential "wiring" properties of a dihemic c-type cytochrome (cyt c4), in order to efficiently connect PSI with electrodes. Cyt c4 has shown direct electron transfer (DET) with both hemes in elec. communication with two different electrode materials (ITO and Au) and on the basis of cyt c4-multilayer electrodes "self-exchange" properties can also be deduced. Investigation of cyt c4 in combination with PSI within an inverse opal ITO electrode has shown the dihemic protein to be a valuable mol. electron conduit, able to interconnect the photoenzymic reaction with the 3D electrode. The properties have been compared with those of electrodes based on monohemic cyt c derived from horse heart.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXpt1Grurs%253D&md5=ec66fe8f8cea36b34ca061106819f57d
  24. 24
    Stieger, K. R.; Feifel, S. C.; Lokstein, H.; Hejazi, M.; Zouni, A.; Lisdat, F. Biohybrid Architectures for Efficient Light-to-Current Conversion Based on Photosystem I Within Scalable 3D Mesoporous Electrodes. J. Mater. Chem. A 2016, 4, 17009– 17017,  DOI: 10.1039/C6TA07141D
    Google Scholar
    24
    Biohybrid architectures for efficient light-to-current conversion based on photosystem I within scalable 3D mesoporous electrodes
    Stieger, K. R.; Feifel, S. C.; Lokstein, H.; Hejazi, M.; Zouni, A.; Lisdat, F.
    Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability (2016), 4 (43), 17009-17017CODEN: JMCAET; ISSN:2050-7496. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
    The combination of advanced materials and defined surface design with complex proteins from natural photosynthesis is currently one of the major topics in the development of biohybrid systems and biophotovoltaic devices. In this study transparent mesoporous indium tin oxide (μITO) electrodes have been used in combination with the trimeric supercomplex photosystem I (PSI) from Thermosynechococcus elongatus and the small redox protein cytochrome c (cyt c) from horse heart to fabricate advanced and efficient photobiocathodes. The prepn. of the μITO via spin coating allows easy scalability and ensures a defined increase in the electrochem. active surface area with accessibility for both proteins. Using these 3D electrodes up to 40 μm thickness, the immobilization of cyt c and PSI with full monolayer coverage and their elec. communication to the electrode can be achieved. Significant improvement can be made when the heterogeneous electron transfer rate const. of cyt c with the electrode is increased by an appropriate surface treatment. The photocurrent follows linearly the thickness of the μITO and current densities of up to 150 μA/cm2 can be obtained without indications of a limitation. The internal quantum efficiency is detd. to be 39% which demonstrates that the wiring of PSI via cyt c can be advantageously used in a system with high protein loading and efficient electron pathways inside 3D transparent conducting oxides.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28Xhs1SjsrzP&md5=bbbf8b48b5bdcc25f409edd081fdbd3e
  25. 25
    Ciornii, D.; Kölsch, A.; Zouni, A.; Lisdat, F. A Precursor-Approach in Constructing 3D ITO Electrodes for the Improved Performance of Photosystem I-Cyt C Photobioelectrodes. Nanoscale 2019, 11, 15862– 15870,  DOI: 10.1039/C9NR04344F
    Google Scholar
    25
    A precursor-approach in constructing 3D ITO electrodes for the improved performance of photosystem I-cyt c photobioelectrodes
    Ciornii, Dmitri; Koelsch, Adrian; Zouni, Athina; Lisdat, Fred
    Nanoscale (2019), 11 (34), 15862-15870CODEN: NANOHL; ISSN:2040-3372. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
    In recent years the use of photoelectrodes based on conductive metal oxides has become very popular in the field of photovoltaics. The application of 3D electrodes holds great promise since they can integrate large amts. of photoactive proteins. In this study photosystem I (PSI) from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus was immobilized on 3D ITO electrodes and elec. wired via the redox protein cytochrome c (cyt c). The main goal, however, was the investigation of construction parameters of such electrodes for achieving a high performance. For this, ITO electrodes were constructed from liq. precursors resulting in improved transmission compared to previous nanoparticle-based prepn. protocols. First, the doping level of Sn was varied for establishing suitable conditions for a fast cyt c electrochem. on such 3D electrodes. In a second step the pore diam. was varied in order to elucidate optimal conditions. Third, the scalability of the template-based prepn. was studied from 3 to 15 layers during spin coating and the subsequent baking step. In the thickness range from 3 to 17 μm no limitation in the protein immobilization and also in the photocurrent generation was found. Consequently, a photocurrent of about 270 μA cm-2 and a turnover no. (Te) of 30 e- s-1 at PSI were achieved. Because of the high current flow the withdrawal of electrons at the stromal side of PSI becomes clearly rate limiting. Here improved transport conditions and alternative electron acceptors were studied to overcome this limitation.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1MXhtlGrsLzP&md5=6489c1d9447e871ca7804714e93dcf9d
  26. 26
    Stieger, K. R.; Feifel, S. C.; Lokstein, H.; Lisdat, F. Advanced Unidirectional Photocurrent Generation via Cytochrome C as Reaction Partner for Directed Assembly of Photosystem I. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2014, 16, 15667– 15674,  DOI: 10.1039/C4CP00935E
    Google Scholar
    26
    Advanced unidirectional photocurrent generation via cytochrome c as reaction partner for directed assembly of photosystem I
    Stieger, Kai R.; Feifel, Sven C.; Lokstein, Heiko; Lisdat, Fred
    Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (2014), 16 (29), 15667-15674CODEN: PPCPFQ; ISSN:1463-9076. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
    Conversion of light into an elec. current based on biohybrid systems mimicking natural photosynthesis is becoming increasingly popular. Photosystem I (PSI) is particularly useful in such photo-bioelectrochem. devices. Herein, we report on a novel biomimetic approach for an effective assembly of photosystem I with the electron transfer carrier cytochrome c (cyt c), deposited on a thiol-modified gold-surface. Atomic force microscopy and surface plasmon resonance measurements have been used for characterization of the assembly process. Photoelectrochem. expts. demonstrate a cyt c mediated generation of an enhanced unidirectional cathodic photocurrent. Here, cyt c can act as a template for the assembly of an oriented and dense layer of PSI and as wiring agent to direct the electrons from the electrode towards the photosynthetic reaction center of PSI. Furthermore, three-dimensional protein architectures have been formed via the layer-by-layer deposition technique resulting in a successive increase in photocurrent densities. An intermittent cyt c layer is essential for an efficient connection of PSI layers with the electrode and for an improvement of photocurrent densities.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXhtVCis7vI&md5=a98d058ac69140163341466e72f692b7
  27. 27
    Szalkowski, M.; Olmos, J. D. J.; Buczyńska, D.; Maćkowski, S.; Kowalska, D.; Kargul, J. Plasmon-Induced Absorption of Blind Chlorophylls in Photosynthetic Proteins Assembled on Silver Nanowires. Nanoscale 2017, 9, 10475– 10486,  DOI: 10.1039/C7NR03866F
    Google Scholar
    27
    Plasmon-induced absorption of blind chlorophylls in photosynthetic proteins assembled on silver nanowires
    Szalkowski, Marcin; Janna Olmos, Julian David; Buczynska, Dorota; Mackowski, Sebastian; Kowalska, Dorota; Kargul, Joanna
    Nanoscale (2017), 9 (29), 10475-10486CODEN: NANOHL; ISSN:2040-3372. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
    We demonstrate that controlled assembly of eukaryotic photosystem I with its assocd. light harvesting antenna complex (PSI-LHCI) on plasmonically active silver nanowires (AgNWs) substantially improves the optical functionality of such a novel biohybrid nanostructure. By comparing fluorescence intensities measured for PSI-LHCI complex randomly oriented on AgNWs and the results obtained for the PSI-LHCI/cytochrome c553 (cyt c553) bioconjugate with AgNWs we conclude that the specific binding of photosynthetic complexes with defined uniform orientation yields selective excitation of a pool of chlorophyll (Chl) mols. that are otherwise almost non-absorbing. This is remarkable, as this study shows for the first time that plasmonic excitations in metallic nanostructures can not only be used to enhance native absorption of photosynthetic pigments, but also - by employing cyt c553 as the conjugation cofactor - to activate the specific Chl pools as the absorbing sites only when the uniform and well-defined orientation of PSI-LHCI with respect to plasmonic nanostructures is achieved. As absorption of PSI alone is comparatively low, our approach lends itself as an innovative approach to outperform the reported-to-date biohybrid devices with respect to solar energy conversion.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2sXhtV2qt7%252FI&md5=233ee6126bc853fabc2720248293bc08
  28. 28
    Gordiichuk, P.; Pesce, D.; Ocampo, O. E. C.; Marcozzi, A.; Wetzelaer, G.-J. A. H.; Paul, A.; Loznik, M.; Gloukhikh, E.; Richter, S.; Chiechi, R. C.; Herrmann, A. Orientation and Incorporation of Photosystem I in Bioelectronics Devices Enabled by Phage Display. Adv. Sci. 2017, 4, 1600393  DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600393
    Google Scholar
    28
    Orientation and Incorporation of Photosystem I in Bioelectronics Devices Enabled by Phage Display
    Gordiichuk Pavlo; Pesce Diego; Marcozzi Alessio; Wetzelaer Gert-Jan A H; Paul Avishek; Loznik Mark; Herrmann Andreas; Ocampo Olga E Castaneda; Chiechi Ryan C; Gloukhikh Ekaterina; Richter Shachar
    Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) (2017), 4 (5), 1600393 ISSN:2198-3844.
    Interfacing proteins with electrode surfaces is important for the field of bioelectronics. Here, a general concept based on phage display is presented to evolve small peptide binders for immobilizing and orienting large protein complexes on semiconducting substrates. Employing this method, photosystem I is incorporated into solid-state biophotovoltaic cells.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A280%3ADC%252BC1cnhsFehtg%253D%253D&md5=ac726426219ea715a84d650868b10fc9
  29. 29
    Castañeda Ocampo, O. E.; Gordiichuk, P.; Catarci, S.; Gautier, D. A.; Herrmann, A.; Chiechi, R. C. Mechanism of Orientation-Dependent Asymmetric Charge Transport in Tunneling Junctions Comprising Photosystem I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 8419– 8427,  DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b01241
    Google Scholar
    29
    Mechanism of Orientation-Dependent Asymmetric Charge Transport in Tunneling Junctions Comprising Photosystem I
    Castaneda Ocampo, Olga E.; Gordiichuk, Pavlo; Catarci, Stefano; Gautier, Daniel A.; Herrmann, Andreas; Chiechi, Ryan C.
    Journal of the American Chemical Society (2015), 137 (26), 8419-8427CODEN: JACSAT; ISSN:0002-7863. (American Chemical Society)
    Recently, photoactive proteins have gained a lot of attention due to their incorporation into bioinspired (photo)electrochem. and solar cells. This paper describes the measurement of the asymmetry of current transport of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of the entire photosystem I (PSI) protein complex (not the isolated reaction center, RCI), on two different "director SAMs" supported by ultraflat Au substrates. The director SAMs induce the preferential orientation of PSI, which manifest as asymmetry in tunneling charge-transport. We measured the oriented SAMs of PSI using eutectic Ga-In (EGaIn), a large-area technique, and conducting probe at. force microscopy (CP-AFM), a single-complex technique, and detd. that the transport properties are comparable. By varying the temps. at which the measurements were performed, we found that there is no measurable dependence of the current on temp. from ±0.1 to ±1.0 V bias, and thus, we suggest tunneling as the mechanism for transport; there are no thermally activated (e.g., hopping) processes. Therefore, it is likely that relaxation in the electron transport chain is not responsible for the asymmetry in the conductance of SAMs of PSI complexes in these junctions, which we ascribe instead to the presence of a large, net dipole moment present in PSI.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXhtVansLzP&md5=703c9c1be3e0c71bca1efc07de0bf0cc
  30. 30
    Gunther, D.; LeBlanc, G.; Prasai, D.; Zhang, J. R.; Cliffel, D. E.; Bolotin, K. I.; Jennings, G. K. Photosystem I on Graphene as a Highly Transparent, Photoactive Electrode. Langmuir 2013, 29, 4177– 4180,  DOI: 10.1021/la305020c
    Google Scholar
    30
    Photosystem I on Graphene as a Highly Transparent, Photoactive Electrode
    Gunther, Darlene; LeBlanc, Gabriel; Prasai, Dhiraj; Zhang, Jamie R.; Cliffel, David E.; Bolotin, Kirill I.; Jennings, G. Kane
    Langmuir (2013), 29 (13), 4177-4180CODEN: LANGD5; ISSN:0743-7463. (American Chemical Society)
    We report the fabrication of a hybrid light-harvesting electrode consisting of photosystem I (PSI) proteins extd. from spinach and adsorbed as a monolayer onto elec. contacted, large-area graphene. The transparency of graphene supports the choice of an opaque mediator at elevated concns. For example, we report a photocurrent of 550 nA/cm2 from a monolayer of PSI on graphene in the presence of 20 mM methylene blue, which yields an opaque blue soln. The PSI-modified graphene electrode has a total thickness of less than 10 nm and demonstrates photoactivity that is an order of magnitude larger than that for unmodified graphene, establishing the feasibility of conjoining these nanomaterials as potential constructs in next-generation photovoltaic devices.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXktF2mtbc%253D&md5=9de728bb1d5bcf5f93da74f7baf05911
  31. 31
    Manocchi, A. K.; Baker, D. R.; Pendley, S. S.; Nguyen, K.; Hurley, M. M.; Bruce, B. D.; Sumner, J. J.; Lundgren, C. A. Photocurrent Generation From Surface Assembled Photosystem I on Alkanethiol Modified Electrodes. Langmuir 2013, 29, 2412– 2419,  DOI: 10.1021/la304477u
    Google Scholar
    31
    Photocurrent generation from surface assembled photosystem I on alkanethiol modified electrodes
    Manocchi, Amy K.; Baker, David R.; Pendley, Scott S.; Nguyen, Khoa; Hurley, Margaret M.; Bruce, Barry D.; Sumner, James J.; Lundgren, Cynthia A.
    Langmuir (2013), 29 (7), 2412-2419CODEN: LANGD5; ISSN:0743-7463. (American Chemical Society)
    Photosystem I (PSI) is a key component of oxygenic photosynthetic electron transport because of its light-induced electron transfer to the sol. electron acceptor ferredoxin. This work demonstrates the incorporation of surface assembled cyanobacterial trimeric PSI complexes into a biohybrid system for light-driven current generation. Specifically, this work demonstrates the improved assembly of PSI via electrophoretic deposition, with controllable surface assembled PSI d., on different self-assembled alkanethiol monolayers. Using artificial electron donors and acceptors (Os(bpy)2Cl2 and Me viologen) we demonstrate photocurrent generation from a single PSI layer, which remains photoactive for at least three hours of intermittent illumination. Photoelectrochem. comparison of the biohybrid systems assembled from different alkanethiols (hexanethiol, aminohexanethiol, mercaptohexanol, and mercaptohexanoic acid) reveals that the PSI generated photocurrent is enhanced by almost 5 times on neg. charged SAM surfaces as compared to pos. charged surfaces. These results are discussed in light of how PSI is oriented upon electrodeposition on a SAM.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXhvVynur0%253D&md5=669eafadcfda7f831a4c8e0a462f73dc
  32. 32
    Badura, A.; Kothe, T.; Schuhmann, W.; Rögner, M. Wiring Photosynthetic Enzymes to Electrodes. Energy Environ. Sci. 2011, 4, 3263,  DOI: 10.1039/c1ee01285a
    Google Scholar
    32
    Wiring photosynthetic enzymes to electrodes
    Badura, Adrian; Kothe, Tim; Schuhmann, Wolfgang; Roegner, Matthias
    Energy & Environmental Science (2011), 4 (9), 3263-3274CODEN: EESNBY; ISSN:1754-5706. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
    A review. The efficient electron transfer between redox enzymes and electrode surfaces can be obtained by wiring redox enzymes using, for instance, polymer-bound redox relays as has been demonstrated as a basis for the design of amperometric biosensors, logic gates or sensor arrays and more general as a central aspect of "bioelectrochem.". Related devices allow exploiting the unique catalytic properties of enzymes, among which photosynthetic enzymes are esp. attractive due to the possibility to trigger the redox reactions upon irradn. with light. Photocatalytic properties such as the light-driven water splitting by photosystem 2 make them unique candidates for the development of semiartificial devices which convert light energy into stable chem. product, like hydrogen. This review summarizes recent concepts for the integration of photosystem 1 and photosystem 2 into bioelectrochem. devices with special focus on strategies for the design of electron transfer pathways between redox enzymes and conductive supports.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3MXht1Cqs7jF&md5=878fdd7d7c689e1110c78db776258354
  33. 33
    Pachoumi, O.; Bakulin, A. A.; Sadhanala, A.; Sirringhaus, H.; Friend, R. H.; Vaynzof, Y. Improved Performance of ZnO/Polymer Hybrid Photovoltaic Devices by Combining Metal Oxide Doping and Interfacial Modification. J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118, 18945– 18950,  DOI: 10.1021/jp506266f
    Google Scholar
    33
    Improved Performance of ZnO/Polymer Hybrid Photovoltaic Devices by Combining Metal Oxide Doping and Interfacial Modification
    Pachoumi, Olympia; Bakulin, Artem A.; Sadhanala, Aditya; Sirringhaus, Henning; Friend, Richard H.; Vaynzof, Yana
    Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2014), 118 (33), 18945-18950CODEN: JPCCCK; ISSN:1932-7447. (American Chemical Society)
    Photoinduced charge sepn. at hybrid org.-inorg. interfaces is poorly understood and challenging to control. Charge sepn. is investigated at a model system of ZnO/poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and employ Sr doping of ZnO and phenyl-C61-butyric acid (PCBA) self-assembled modification to study and enhance the charge sepn. efficiency. Ti was found that doping alone lowers the efficiency of charge sepn. due to the introduction of defect states at the oxide surface. However, with the combination of doping and mol. modification, charge sepn. efficiency is significantly enhanced due to the passivation of interfacial traps and improved modifier coverage. This demonstrates a complex noncumulative effect of doping and surface modification and shows that with the correct choice of metal oxide dopant and org. modifier, a poorly performing hybrid interface can be turned into an efficient one.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXht1Sqsb%252FJ&md5=73d602ba597e489f75c6ae4f2749224f
  34. 34
    Lee, E. J.; Heo, S. W.; Han, Y. W.; Moon, D. K. An Organic-inorganic Hybrid Interlayer for Improved Electron Extraction in Inverted Polymer Solar Cells. J. Mater. Chem. C 2016, 4, 2463– 2469,  DOI: 10.1039/C5TC03754A
    Google Scholar
    34
    An organic-inorganic hybrid interlayer for improved electron extraction in inverted polymer solar cells
    Lee, Eui Jin; Heo, Soo Won; Han, Yong Woon; Moon, Doo Kyung
    Journal of Materials Chemistry C: Materials for Optical and Electronic Devices (2016), 4 (13), 2463-2469CODEN: JMCCCX; ISSN:2050-7534. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
    We fabricated inverted polymer solar cells (PSCs) using an org.-inorg. hybrid interlayer for electron extn. The surface energy and surface defects of an org.-inorg. ZnO-PFN hybrid film, which was prepd. by dissolving the conjugated polymer electrolyte poly[(9,9-bis(3'-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene)] (PFN) in a ZnO soln., were reduced, compared to ZnO film. By introducing the ZnO-PFN electron extn. layer, the interfacial contact between the active and electron extn. layers was improved and the series resistance of the PSC device was decreased. As a result, electron extn. from the active layer to the electrode was enhanced. The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the inverted PSCs was 9.2%. Also, the ZnO-PFN-based inverted PSCs showed improved long-term stability compared to ZnO-based devices. The ZnO-PFN interlayer aimed to overcome the drawbacks of the conventional hydrophilic surface of ZnO, based on the properties of the conjugated polymer (PFN) without the need for addnl. processes. It was therefore simple to fabricate the inverted PSCs, making the devices com. viable.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XlsVSksg%253D%253D&md5=f836d3e8a73f5dbe14d2004188ff2d68
  35. 35
    Thu, C. Role of the Metal-Oxide Work Function on Photocurrent Generation in Hybrid Solar Cells. Sci. Rep. 2018, 8, 3559  DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21721-2
    Google Scholar
    35
    Role of the Metal-Oxide Work Function on Photocurrent Generation in Hybrid Solar Cells
    Thu Chawloon; Ehrenreich Philipp; Wong Ka Kan; Zimmermann Eugen; Wang Wei; Fakharuddin Azhar; Putnik Martin; Kalb Julian; Pfadler Thomas; Schmidt-Mende Lukas; Dorman James; Drivas Charalampos; Kennou Stella; Koutsoubelitis Aimilios; Palilis Leonidas C; Vasilopoulou Maria
    Scientific reports (2018), 8 (1), 3559 ISSN:.
    ZnO is a widely used metal-oxide semiconductor for photovoltaic application. In solar cell heterostructures they not only serve as a charge selective contact, but also act as electron acceptor. Although ZnO offers a suitable interface for exciton dissociation, charge separation efficiencies have stayed rather poor and conceptual differences to organic acceptors are rarely investigated. In this work, we employ Sn doping to ZnO nanowires in order to understand the role of defect and surface states in the charge separation process. Upon doping we are able to modify the metal-oxide work function and we show its direct correlation with the charge separation efficiency. For this purpose, we use the polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) as donor and the squaraine dye SQ2 as interlayer. Interestingly, neither mobilities nor defects are prime performance limiting factor, but rather the density of available states around the conduction band is of crucial importance for hybrid interfaces. This work highlights crucial aspects to improve the charge generation process of metal-oxide based solar cells and reveals new strategies to improve the power conversion efficiency of hybrid solar cells.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A280%3ADC%252BC1MrkvVOhtw%253D%253D&md5=1842ee7f3709658f9c60eb85da1a8d18
  36. 36
    Aryal, U. K.; Arivunithi, V. M.; Reddy, S. S.; Kim, J.; Gal, Y.-S.; Jin, S.-H. Efficient Dual Cathode Interfacial Layer for High Performance Organic and Perovskite Solar Cells. Org. Electron. 2018, 63, 222– 230,  DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2018.09.034
    Google Scholar
    36
    Efficient dual cathode interfacial layer for high performance organic and perovskite solar cells
    Aryal, Um Kanta; Arivunithi, Veera Murugan; Reddy, Saripally Sudhaker; Kim, Junyoung; Gal, Yeong-Soon; Jin, Sung-Ho
    Organic Electronics (2018), 63 (), 222-230CODEN: OERLAU; ISSN:1566-1199. (Elsevier B.V.)
    Cathode interfacial layer (CIL), phenylquinoline-based, 10-ethyl-3,7-bis(4-phenylquinolin-2-yl)-10H-phenothiazine (PTDPQ) was employed between the ZnO and photoactive layer, poly[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl] thieno[3,4-b]-thiophenediyl] (PTB7):[6,6]-Ph C71-butyric acid Me ester (PC71BM) for the inverted org. solar cells (IOSCs) and between LiF and PTB7:PC71BM for conventional org. solar cells (COSCs). It was also incorporated as interfacial layer in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). For the ZnO/PTDPQ bilayer, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) enhanced to 8.69%, which is about 15% improvement than that of the control IOSCs ref. device. For the PTDPQ/LiF bilayer, it was achieved to 8.06%, and after insertion of PTDPQ as interfacial layer for PSCs, av. PCE enhanced to 16.45% from that of 15.28% ref. device. Hereinafter, PTDPQ as CIL enhances the solar cells device performance. It is analyzed that the charge recombination is suppressed and facilitates charge extn. due to the incorporation of the dual CIL as accordance with obsd. improvement of the solar cell parameters. The devices with dual CIL showed the higher electron mobility which matches with the higher fill factor and improved c.d. The dual CIL exhibited excellent impact on enhancing the photovoltaic properties of OSCs and PSCs along with long-term stability.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXhvVegsrbF&md5=b5e5cbf20306ceab76f0bac5a3aae69f
  37. 37
    Alshanableh, A.; Tan, S. T.; Yap, C. C.; Lee, H. B.; Oleiwi, H. F.; Hong, K. J.; Jumali, M. H. H.; Yahaya, M. Surface Engineering of ZnO Nanorod for Inverted Organic Solar Cell. Mater. Sci. Eng., B 2018, 238–239, 136– 141,  DOI: 10.1016/j.mseb.2018.12.024
    Google Scholar
    37
    Surface engineering of ZnO nanorod for inverted organic solar cell
    Alshanableh, Abdelelah; Tan, Sin Tee; Yap, Chi Chin; Lee, Hock Beng; Oleiwi, Hind Fadhil; Hong, Kai Jeat; Jumali, Mohd. Hafizuddin Hj.; Yahaya, Muhammad
    Materials Science & Engineering, B: Advanced Functional Solid-State Materials (2018), 238-239 (), 136-141CODEN: MSBTEK; ISSN:0921-5107. (Elsevier B.V.)
    Crystallinity and band offset alignment of inorg. electron acceptor play a vital role in enhancing the device performance of inverted org. solar cell (IOSC). In this report, homogenous and vertically-aligned chem. treated ZnO nanorods (ZNR) were successfully grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate via a fully-soln. method. It was found that the morphol. of ZnO was fine-tuned from truncated surface to tubular structure under both of the anionic (KOH) and protonic (HCl) treatment. An extraordinary defect quenching phenomenon and hyperchromic energy band edge shift were obsd. in 0.1 M KOH-treated ZNR proven by the highest (002) peak detection and the lowest defect d. Compared with the pristine sample, the 0.1 M KOH-treated ZNR device showed a remarkable improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 0.32%, signifying the effectiveness of anodic treatment. The robust correlation between the dependency of chem. treated ZNR and the device performance was established. This work elucidates a feasible method towards efficient IOSC devices development.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1MXotFer&md5=4e9c163ac271747f0eabdd4ec5350f7a
  38. 38
    Hummelen, J. C.; Knight, B. W.; LePeq, F.; Wudl, F.; Yao, J.; Wilkins, C. L. Preparation and Characterization of Fulleroid and Methanofullerene Derivatives. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 532– 538,  DOI: 10.1021/jo00108a012
    Google Scholar
    38
    Preparation and Characterization of Fulleroid and Methanofullerene Derivatives
    Hummelen, Jan C.; Knight, Brian W.; LePeq, F.; Wudl, Fred; Yao, Jie; Wilkins, Charles L.
    Journal of Organic Chemistry (1995), 60 (3), 532-8CODEN: JOCEAH; ISSN:0022-3263. (American Chemical Society)
    We describe the synthesis and complete characterization of sol. derivs. of C60 for applications to physics and biol. The goal of the strategy was to have a "modular" approach in order to be able to easily vary a functional group attached indirectly to the cluster. The functionality could be hydrophilic (e.g., histamide) or hydrophobic (e.g., cholestanoxy). The former was prepd. for biol. studies and the latter for photophys. studies toward improvement of photoinduced electron transfer efficiencies in the fabrication of photodetectors and photodiodes. An important intermediate, a carboxylic acid, was found to be recalcitrant to characterization by the usual mass spectroscopic and elemental anal. techniques. This problem was solved by the use of MALDI-MS. The carboxylic acid was easily converted to the key intermediate acid chloride, which in turn was convertible to a large variety of derivs. Both isomeric forms ([5,6], fulleroid and [6,6], methanofullerene) of the C61 clusters were prepd. The fulleroid formation could have given rise to a 50:50 mixt. of phenyl-over-former pentagon phenyl-over-former hexagon isomers but, remarkably, afforded a 95:5 mixt. of these isomers, resp. The fulleroid and methanofullerene gave different cyclic voltammograms, with the former being reduced at 34 mV more pos. potential than the latter.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADyaK2MXjtlOhtrY%253D&md5=d273aa4dee90ae3622b0d24d838d41d3
  39. 39
    Ortiz, M. L.; Zamora, R. A.; Giannotti, M. I.; Hu, C.; Croce, R.; Gorostiza, P. Distance and Potential Dependence of Charge Transport Through the P700 Reaction Center of Photosystem I. ChemRxiv 2021,  DOI: 10.26434/chemrxiv.14556048
    Google Scholar
    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
  40. 40
    Qiu, X.; Ivasyshyn, V.; Qiu, L.; Enache, M.; Dong, J.; Rousseva, S.; Portale, G.; Stöhr, M.; Hummelen, J. C.; Chiechi, R. C. Thiol-Free Self-Assembled Oligoethylene Glycols Enable Robust Air-Stable Molecular Electronics. Nat. Mater. 2020, 19, 330– 337,  DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0587-x
    Google Scholar
    40
    Thiol-free self-assembled oligoethylene glycols enable robust air-stable molecular electronics
    Qiu, Xinkai; Ivasyshyn, Viktor; Qiu, Li; Enache, Mihaela; Dong, Jingjin; Rousseva, Sylvia; Portale, Giuseppe; Stohr, Meike; Hummelen, Jan C.; Chiechi, Ryan C.
    Nature Materials (2020), 19 (3), 330-337CODEN: NMAACR; ISSN:1476-1122. (Nature Research)
    Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are widely used to engineer the surface properties of metals. The relatively simple and versatile chem. of metal-thiolate bonds makes thiolate SAMs the preferred option in a range of applications, yet fragility and a tendency to oxidize in air limit their long-term use. Here, we report the formation of thiol-free self-assembled mono- and bilayers of glycol ethers, which bind to the surface of coinage metals through the spontaneous chemisorption of glycol ether-functionalized fullerenes. As-prepd. assemblies are bilayers presenting fullerene cages at both the substrate and ambient interface. Subsequent exposure to functionalized glycol ethers displaces the topmost layer of glycol ether-functionalized fullerenes, and the resulting assemblies expose functional groups to the ambient interface. These layers exhibit the key properties of thiolate SAMs, yet they are stable to ambient conditions for several weeks, as shown by the performance of tunnelling junctions formed from SAMs of alkyl-functionalized glycol ethers. Glycol ether-functionalized spiropyrans incorporated into mixed monolayers lead to reversible, light-driven conductance switching. Self-assemblies of glycol ethers are drop-in replacements for thiolate SAMs that retain all of their useful properties while avoiding the drawbacks of metal-thiolate bonds.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXivFKhu7s%253D&md5=7be85fccbe6c04386651e776832efa08
  41. 41
    Vaynzof, Y.; Kabra, D.; Zhao, L.; Ho, P. K. H.; Wee, A. T.-S.; Friend, R. H. Improved Photoinduced Charge Carriers Separation in Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Photovoltaic Devices. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2010, 97, 033309  DOI: 10.1063/1.3464973
    Google Scholar
    41
    Improved photoinduced charge carriers separation in organic-inorganic hybrid photovoltaic devices
    Vaynzof, Yana; Kabra, Dinesh; Zhao, Lihong; Ho, Peter K. H.; Wee, Andrew T.-S.; Friend, Richard H.
    Applied Physics Letters (2010), 97 (3), 033309/1-033309/3CODEN: APPLAB; ISSN:0003-6951. (American Institute of Physics)
    We demonstrate enhanced performance of a hybrid photovoltaic device, where poly3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) is used as active material and a soln.-processed thin flat film of ZnO-modified by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of phenyl-C61-butyric acid (PCBA) is used as electron extg. electrode. UV photoemission spectroscopy measurements reveal an increase in the substrate work function from 3.6 to 4.1 eV upon PCBA SAM deposition due to an interfacial dipole pointing away from the ZnO. External quantum efficiency (EQE) of the SAM modified devices reached 9%, greatly improved over the 3% EQE of the unmodified devices. This corresponds to full charge sepn. of all photoexcitations generated in the P3HT within an exciton diffusion range from the interface. (c) 2010 American Institute of Physics.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3cXptFKjs7Y%253D&md5=04a2df49c4241d355701c823b3b01e71
  42. 42
    Vaynzof, Y.; Bakulin, A. A.; Gélinas, S.; Friend, R. H. Direct Observation of Photoinduced Bound Charge-Pair States at an Organic-Inorganic Semiconductor Interface. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2012, 108, 246605  DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.246605
    Google Scholar
    42
    Direct observation of photoinduced bound charge-pair states at an organic-inorganic semiconductor interface
    Vaynzof, Yana; Bakulin, Artem A.; Gelinas, Simon; Friend, Richard H.
    Physical Review Letters (2012), 108 (24), 246605/1-246605/5CODEN: PRLTAO; ISSN:0031-9007. (American Physical Society)
    It is generally considered that photoinduced charge transfer at the org.-inorg. interfaces in hybrid photovoltaic devices immediately results in a pair of free charge carriers. We extend a novel interface-selective ultrafast "optical pump-push photocurrent probe" technique to study hybrid photovoltaic systems and observe bound electron-hole pair states at the org.-inorg. interface formed between electron-accepting zinc oxide and electron-donating conjugated polymers. We est. that ∼50% of photogenerated charges stay bound and later recombine, thus hindering the photovoltaic performance of polymer/ZnO cells. We further demonstrate that interface modification with a fullerene deriv. decreases the fraction of bound charges to ∼25%, which substantially improves the device efficiency.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC38XhtVamt77M&md5=6dab33a72a665864e44bcb86ff7fc59d
  43. 43
    Lee, I.; Lee, J. W.; Greenbaum, E. Biomolecular Electronics: Vectorial Arrays of Photosynthetic Reaction Centers. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1997, 79, 3294– 3297,  DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.3294
    Google Scholar
    43
    Biomolecular Electronics: Vectorial Arrays of Photosynthetic Reaction Centers
    Lee, Ida; Lee, James W.; Greenbaum, Elias
    Physical Review Letters (1997), 79 (17), 3294-3297CODEN: PRLTAO; ISSN:0031-9007. (American Physical Society)
    Two-dimensional vectorial arrays of functional Photosystem I reaction centers have been prepd. on atomically flat derivatized gold surfaces. The nature and extent of orientation were controlled by chem. modification of the surface deriv. For mercaptoacetic acid, 83 of the electron transport vectors were parallel to the surface, whereas with 2-mercaptoethanol 70 were oriented perpendicularly in the "up" position and only 2 were in the "down" position. No preferential orientation was obsd. with 2-dimethylaminoethanethiol.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADyaK2sXmvV2rt70%253D&md5=4d9c2307afc49d3cdb36872c7fd0287e
  44. 44
    Faulkner, C. J.; Lees, S.; Ciesielski, P. N.; Cliffel, D. E.; Jennings, G. K. Rapid Assembly of Photosystem I Monolayers on Gold Electrodes. Langmuir 2008, 24, 8409– 8412,  DOI: 10.1021/la800670b
    Google Scholar
    44
    Rapid Assembly of Photosystem I Monolayers on Gold Electrodes
    Faulkner, Christopher J.; Lees, Susan; Ciesielski, Peter N.; Cliffel, David E.; Jennings, G. Kane
    Langmuir (2008), 24 (16), 8409-8412CODEN: LANGD5; ISSN:0743-7463. (American Chemical Society)
    Photosystem I (PSI) has drawn widespread interest for use in biomimetically inspired energy conversion devices upon extg. it from plants or cyanobacteria and assembling it at surfaces. Here, we demonstrate that a critically dense monolayer of spinach-derived PSI must be formed on an electrode surface to achieve optimal photocurrents, and we introduce a new method for prepg. these dense PSI monolayers that reduces the time required for assembly by ∼80-fold in comparison to that for adsorption from soln. This method consists of applying a vacuum above the aq. PSI soln. during assembly to conc. PSI and ppt. it into a thick layer onto the surface of various self-assembled monolayers or directly onto the electrode surface. Rinsing with water yields a dense monolayer of PSI that draws ∼100 nA/cm of light-induced current from the gold electrode in the presence of appropriate mediators.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1cXos1ahtr8%253D&md5=8a4e1f81b64db8fc401089debdf8c6cf
  45. 45
    Rippka, R.; Stanier, R. Y.; Deruelles, J.; Herdman, M.; Waterbury, J. B. Generic Assignments, Strain Histories and Properties of Pure Cultures of Cyanobacteria. Microbiology 1979, 111, 1– 61,  DOI: 10.1099/00221287-111-1-1
    Google Scholar
    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
  46. 46
    Mukherjee, D.; May, M.; Vaughn, M.; Bruce, B. D.; Khomami, B. Controlling the Morphology of Photosystem I Assembly on Thiol-Activated Au Substrates. Langmuir 2010, 26, 16048– 16054,  DOI: 10.1021/la102832x
    Google Scholar
    46
    Controlling the Morphology of Photosystem I Assembly on Thiol-Activated Au Substrates
    Mukherjee, Dibyendu; May, Mark; Vaughn, Michael; Bruce, Barry D.; Khomami, Bamin
    Langmuir (2010), 26 (20), 16048-16054CODEN: LANGD5; ISSN:0743-7463. (American Chemical Society)
    Morphol. variations of Photosystem I (PS I) assembly on hydroxyl-terminated alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayer (SAM)/Au substrates with various deposition techniques is presented. Our studies indicate that deposition conditions such as PS I concn. and driving force play a central role in detg. organization of immobilized PS I on thiol-activated Au surfaces. Specifically, at. force microscopy (AFM) and ellipsometry analyses indicate that gravity-driven deposition from concd. PS I solns. results in a large no. of columnar PS I aggregates, which assemble perpendicular to the Au surface. PS I deposition yields much more uniform layers when deposited at lower concns., suggesting preassembly of the aggregate formation in the soln. phase. Moreover, in elec.-field assisted deposition at high field strengths, columnar self-assembly is largely prevented, thereby allowing a uniform, monolayer-like deposition even at very high PS I concns. In situ dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies of soln.-phase aggregation dynamics of PS I suspensions in both the presence and absence of an applied elec. field support these observations and clearly demonstrate that the externally imposed elec. field effectively fragments large PS I aggregates in the soln. phase, thereby permitting a uniform deposition of PS I trimers on SAM/Au substrates.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3cXhtFKlu7bN&md5=a3ae7031c54effac2215ebe5d7c20de3
  47. 47
    So, J.; Dickey, M. Inherently Aligned Microfluidic Electrodes Composed of Liquid Metal. Lab Chip 2011, 11, 905– 911,  DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00501k
    Google Scholar
    47
    Inherently aligned microfluidic electrodes composed of liquid metal
    So, Ju-Hee; Dickey, Michael D.
    Lab on a Chip (2011), 11 (5), 905-911CODEN: LCAHAM; ISSN:1473-0197. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
    This paper describes the fabrication and characterization of microelectrodes that are inherently aligned with microfluidic channels and in direct contact with the fluid in the channels. Injecting low m.p. alloys, such as eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn), into microchannels at room temp. (or just above room temp.) offers a simple way to fabricate microelectrodes. The channels that define the shape and position of the microelectrodes are fabricated simultaneously with other microfluidic channels (i.e., those used to manipulate fluids) in a single step; consequently, all of the components are inherently aligned. In contrast, conventional techniques require multiple fabrication steps and registration (i.e., alignment of the electrodes with the microfluidic channels), which are tech. challenging. The distinguishing characteristic of this work is that the electrodes are in direct contact with the fluid in the microfluidic channel, which is useful for a no. of applications such as electrophoresis. Periodic posts between the microelectrodes and the microfluidic channel prevent the liq. metal from entering the microfluidic channel during injection. A thin oxide skin that forms rapidly and spontaneously on the surface of the metal stabilizes mech. the otherwise low viscosity, high surface tension fluid within the channel. Moreover, the injected electrodes vertically span the sidewalls of the channel, which allows for the application of uniform elec. field lines throughout the height of the channel and perpendicular to the direction of flow. The electrodes are mech. stable over operating conditions commonly used in microfluidic applications; the mech. stability depends on the magnitude of the applied bias, the nature of the bias (d.c. vs. a.c.), and the cond. of the solns. in the microfluidic channel. Electrodes formed using alloys with m.ps. above room temp. ensure mech. stability over all of the conditions explored. As a demonstration of their utility, the fluidic electrodes are used for electrohydrodynamic mixing, which requires extremely high elec. fields (∼105 V m-1).
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3MXitVWguro%253D&md5=015e5539a6ce123df27e51ac3a4d9963
  48. 48
    Dickey, M.; Weiss, E.; Smythe, E.; Chiechi, R.; Capasso, F.; Whitesides, G. Fabrication of Arrays of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanotubes by Shadow Evaporation. ACS Nano 2008, 2, 800– 808,  DOI: 10.1021/nn800036r
    Google Scholar
    48
    Fabrication of Arrays of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanotubes by Shadow Evaporation
    Dickey, Michael D.; Weiss, Emily A.; Smythe, Elizabeth J.; Chiechi, Ryan C.; Capasso, Federico; Whitesides, George M.
    ACS Nano (2008), 2 (4), 800-808CODEN: ANCAC3; ISSN:1936-0851. (American Chemical Society)
    This paper describes a simple technique for fabricating uniform arrays of metal and metal oxide nanotubes with controlled heights and diams. The technique involves depositing material onto an anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane template using a collimated electron beam evapn. source. The evapg. material enters the porous openings of the AAO membrane and deposits onto the walls of the pores. The membrane is tilted with respect to the column of evapg. material, so the shadows cast by the openings of the pores onto the inside walls of the pores define the geometry of the tubes. Rotation of the membrane during evapn. ensures uniform deposition inside the pores. After evapn., dissoln. of the AAO in base easily removes the template to yield an array of nanotubes connected by a thin backing of the same metal or metal oxide. The diam. of the pores dictates the diam. of the tubes, and the incident angle of evapn. dets. the height of the tubes. Tubes up to ∼1.5 μm in height and 20-200 nm in diam. were fabricated. This method is adaptable to any material that can be vapor-deposited, including indium-tin oxide (ITO), a conductive, transparent material that is useful for many optoelectronic applications. An array of gold nanotubes produced by this technique served as a substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: the Raman signal (per mol.) from a monolayer of benzenethiolate was a factor of ∼5 × 105 greater than that obtained using bulk liq. benzenethiol.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1cXjs1Gjt7g%253D&md5=f1877a0ea92cfe41ca508f4debfd282e
  49. 49
    Petrova, A.; Mamedov, M.; Ivanov, B.; Semenov, A.; Kozuleva, M. Effect of Artificial Redox Mediators on the Photoinduced Oxygen Reduction by Photosystem I Complexes. Photosynth. Res. 2018, 137, 421– 429,  DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0514-z
    Google Scholar
    49
    Effect of artificial redox mediators on the photoinduced oxygen reduction by photosystem I complexes
    Petrova, Anastasia; Mamedov, Mahir; Ivanov, Boris; Semenov, Alexey; Kozuleva, Marina
    Photosynthesis Research (2018), 137 (3), 421-429CODEN: PHRSDI; ISSN:0166-8595. (Springer)
    The peculiarities of interaction of cyanobacterial photosystem I with redox mediators 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) and N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) were investigated. The higher donor efficiency of the reduced DCPIP form was demonstrated. The oxidized form of DCPIP was shown to be an efficient electron acceptor for terminal iron-sulfur cluster of photosystem I. Likewise Me viologen, after one-electron redn., DCPIP transfers an electron to the mol. oxygen. These results were discussed in terms of influence of these interactions on photosystem I reactions with the mol. oxygen and natural electron acceptors.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXpsFyhsb4%253D&md5=b035bd051506a6b479457382c4984729
  50. 50
    Santiago, A. R. P.; Fernandez-Delgado, O.; Gomez, A.; Ahsan, M. A.; Echegoyen, L. Fullerenes as Key Components for Low-Dimensional (Photo)electrocatalytic Nanohybrid Materials. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2021, 133, 124– 143,  DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009449
    Google Scholar
    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
  51. 51
    Pan, Y.; Liu, X.; Zhang, W.; Liu, Z.; Zeng, G.; Shao, B.; Liang, Q.; He, Q.; Yuan, X.; Huang, D.; Chen, M. Advances in photocatalysis based on fullerene C60 and its derivatives: Properties, mechanism, synthesis, and applications. Appl. Catal., B 2020, 265, 118579  DOI: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.118579
    Google Scholar
    51
    Advances in photocatalysis based on fullerene C60 and its derivatives: properties, mechanism, synthesis, and applications
    Pan, Yuan; Liu, Xiaojuan; Zhang, Wei; Liu, Zhifeng; Zeng, Guangming; Shao, Binbin; Liang, Qinghua; He, Qingyun; Yuan, Xingzhong; Huang, Danlian; Chen, Ming
    Applied Catalysis, B: Environmental (2020), 265 (), 118579CODEN: ACBEE3; ISSN:0926-3373. (Elsevier B.V.)
    A review. Fullerenes possess high chem. stability, large sp. surface area, good elec. cond. and unique three-dimensional structure. In this paper, we provide a general overview of the latest research results of fullerene-based photocatalysts. Firstly, the current status of semiconductor materials and fullerenes in photocatalytic applications are briefly introduced. Secondly, introduced action mechanisms of photocatalysts modified by fullerene C60 and its derivs., including basic structure, exclusive properties and its effect in photocatalysis and material prepn. process. Thirdly, factors affecting material effectiveness and the synthesis strategy of composite photocatalyst modified by fullerene are introduced. Meanwhile, the application advances of the photocatalysts are introduced, including in the degrdn. of pollutants, org. synthesis, hydrogen prodn., antibacterial and disinfection in water. Finally, the development trends of fullerenes and their derivs. in photocatalysis are also summarized, including theor. calcns., the morphol. structure control, stable derivs. and increase the selectivity, and new other types of fullerene materials.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXps1Ggsg%253D%253D&md5=75b21ab17dd3c4144e1a9257d975a07d
  52. 52
    Blom, P.; Mihailetchi, V.; Koster, L.; Markov, D. Device Physics of Polymer:Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells. Adv. Mater. 2007, 19, 1551– 1566,  DOI: 10.1002/adma.200601093
    Google Scholar
    52
    Device physics of polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells
    Blom, Paul W. M.; Mihailetchi, Valentin D.; Koster, L. Jan Anton; Markov, Denis E.
    Advanced Materials (Weinheim, Germany) (2007), 19 (12), 1551-1566CODEN: ADVMEW; ISSN:0935-9648. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)
    A review of processes and limitations that govern device operation of polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells, with respect to the charge-carrier transport and photogeneration mechanism. The transport of electrons/holes in the blend is a crucial parameter and must be controlled (e.g., by controlling the nanoscale morphol.) and enhanced in order to allow fabrication of thicker films to maximize the absorption, without significant recombination losses. Concomitantly, a balanced transport of electrons and holes in the blend is needed to suppress the build-up of the space charge that will significantly reduce the power conversion efficiency. Dissocn. of electron-hole pairs at the donor/acceptor interface is an important process that limits the charge generation efficiency under normal operation condition. Based on these findings, there is a compromise between charge generation (light absorption) and open-circuit voltage when attempting to reduce the bandgap of the polymer (or fullerene). Therefore, an increase in open-circuit voltage of polymer:fullerene solar cells, for example by raising the LUMO level of the fullerene, will benefit cell performance as both fill factor and short-circuit current increase simultaneously.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2sXnsVagsL4%253D&md5=6b0fb9c0d385111ca70c49679eccad55
  53. 53
    Li, S.; Lei, M.; Lv, M.; Watkins, S. E.; Tan, Z.; Zhu, J.; Hou, J.; Chen, X.; Li, Y. [6, 6]-Phenyl-C61-Butyric Acid Dimethylamino Ester as a Cathode Buffer Layer for High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells. Adv. Energy Mater. 2013, 3, 1569– 1574,  DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201300425
    Google Scholar
    53
    [6,6]-Phenyl-C61-Butyric Acid Dimethylamino Ester as a Cathode Buffer Layer for High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells
    Li, Shusheng; Lei, Ming; Lv, Menglan; Watkins, Scott E.; Tan, Zhan'ao; Zhu, Jin; Hou, Jianhui; Chen, Xiwen; Li, Yongfang
    Advanced Energy Materials (2013), 3 (12), 1569-1574CODEN: ADEMBC; ISSN:1614-6840. (Wiley-Blackwell)
    This paper discusses the [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid dimethylamino ester as cathode buffer layer for high-performance polymer solar cells. Fullerene derivs. could be ideal cathode buffer layer materials in considering their n-type semiconductor character, higher electron mobility, and the good energy level matching with the fullerene acceptors (such as [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid Me ester (PCBM)) used in the active layer of the PSCs were discussed.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXhvV2itbrI&md5=b66a11b89684116042cdb0aa25a4c5bb
  54. 54
    Tel-Vered, R.; Willner, I. Photo-Bioelectrochemical Cells for Energy Conversion, Sensing, and Optoelectronic Applications. ChemElectroChem 2014, 1, 1778– 1797,  DOI: 10.1002/celc.201402133
    Google Scholar
    54
    Photo-bioelectrochemical Cells for Energy Conversion, Sensing, and Optoelectronic Applications
    Tel-Vered, Ran; Willner, Itamar
    ChemElectroChem (2014), 1 (11), 1778-1797CODEN: CHEMRA; ISSN:2196-0216. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)
    The native photosynthetic reaction centers photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) act as functional nanostructures for the assembly of photo-biofuel cells. By elec. wiring of PSI and/or PSII with electrodes, the conversion of light energy into elec. power has been demonstrated. Different methodologies to elec. contact the photosystems with the electrodes have been developed, including the reconstitution of the photosystems on relay units, the application of redox-active polymers as charge-transport matrixes, and the use of metallic nanoparticles or nanoclusters as electron-transfer relays. Elec. contact of the photosystems with the electrodes facilitates charge sepn. of the redox intermediates generated upon illumination of the assemblies, thus retarding destructive back electron-transfer reactions and enhancing the conversion of light energy into elec. power. Recent advances to fabricate elec. wired PSI and/or PSII electrodes are surveyed, and different approaches to assemble photo-bioelectrochem. cells are discussed. The limitations and future perspectives of the systems will also be presented.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXhvVylsbfF&md5=47a6e29da1eaabc6cb1886f07dc37e5a
  55. 55
    Tsarev, S.; Dubinina, T. S.; Luchkin, S. Y.; Zhidkov, I. S.; Kurmaev, E. Z.; Stevenson, K. J.; Troshin, P. A. Phenyl-C61-butyric Acid as an Interface Passivation Layer for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. J. Phys. Chem. C 2020, 124, 1872– 1877,  DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b10709
    Google Scholar
    55
    Phenyl-C61-butyric Acid as an Interface Passivation Layer for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
    Tsarev, Sergey; Dubinina, Tatiana S.; Luchkin, Sergey Yu.; Zhidkov, Ivan S.; Kurmaev, Ernst Z.; Stevenson, Keith J.; Troshin, Pavel A.
    Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2020), 124 (3), 1872-1877CODEN: JPCCCK; ISSN:1932-7447. (American Chemical Society)
    Here, phenyl-C61-butyric acid (PCBA) is presented as a generic passivation coating for metal oxide electron transport layers used in planar n-i-p configuration of perovskite solar cells. PCBA shows better adhesion to Sn and Zn oxides due to strong acid-base interactions as compared to the conventionally used phenyl-C61-butyric acid Me ether (PCBM). Therefore, depositing a compact PCBA passivation coating can be achieved in a much more economical way using 100 times less concd. precursor soln. PCBA coating delivers higher power conversion efficiencies (up to 20.3%) as compared to the pristine oxide layers with or without PCBM coating. Finally, the fabricated solar cells using PCBA coating are more stable in comparison with the ref. cells with conventional PCBM passivation and preserved ∼70% of the initial efficiency after 1500 h of continuous 30 mW/cm2 white light illumination at 50°.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXpvFI%253D&md5=85fb3a694907c4f99716cfa01559d185
  56. 56
    Mishra, A.; Bäuerle, P. Small Molecule Organic Semiconductors on the Move: Promises for Future Solar Energy Technology. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 2020– 2067,  DOI: 10.1002/anie.201102326
    Google Scholar
    56
    Small Molecule Organic Semiconductors on the Move: Promises for Future Solar Energy Technology
    Mishra, Amaresh; Baeuerle, Peter
    Angewandte Chemie, International Edition (2012), 51 (9), 2020-2067CODEN: ACIEF5; ISSN:1433-7851. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)
    A review. This article, written from an org. chemist's point of view, provides an up-to-date overview of org. solar cells based on small mols. or oligomers as absorbers and describes devices that incorporate planar-heterojunctions and bulk heterojunctions between a donor (p-type semiconductor) and an acceptor (n-type semiconductor) material. The article pays particular attention to the design and development of mol. materials and their performance in corresponding devices. In recent years, a substantial amt. of both, academic and industrial research, has been directed towards org. solar cells, in an effort to develop new materials and to improve their tunability, processability, power conversion efficiency, and stability. On the eve of commercialization of org. solar cells, this review provides an overview of efficiencies attained with small mols./oligomers in org. solar cells and summarizes materials and device concepts developed over the last decade. Approaches to enhancing the efficiency of org. solar cells are analyzed.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC38Xitlygs7g%253D&md5=3bd032ed84f6c2a11c7f6d8efb770901
  57. 57
    Nelson, J. Polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells. Mater. Today 2011, 14, 462– 470,  DOI: 10.1016/S1369-7021(11)70210-3
    Google Scholar
    57
    Polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells
    Nelson, Jenny
    Materials Today (Oxford, United Kingdom) (2011), 14 (10), 462-470CODEN: MTOUAN; ISSN:1369-7021. (Elsevier Ltd.)
    A review. The efficiency of solar cells made from a conjugated polymer blended with a fullerene deriv. has risen from around 1 % to over 9 % in the last ten years, making org. photovoltaic technol. a viable contender for commercialization. The efficiency increases have resulted from the development of new materials with lower optical gaps, new polymer:fullerene combinations with higher charge sepd. state energies, and new approaches to control the blend microstructure, all driven by a qual. understanding of the principles governing org. solar cell operation. In parallel, a device physics framework has been developed that enables the rational design of device structures and materials for improved org. photovoltaic devices. We review developments in both materials science and device physics for org. photovoltaics.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3MXht1CqurfJ&md5=9fa4d2f695ac9261d624b7ed5a5d23e7
  58. 58
    Nakanishi, W.; Minami, K.; Shrestha, L. K.; Ji, Q.; Hill, J. P.; Ariga, K. Bioactive nanocarbon assemblies: Nanoarchitectonics and applications. Nano Today 2014, 9, 378– 394,  DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2014.05.002
    Google Scholar
    58
    Bioactive nanocarbon assemblies: Nanoarchitectonics and applications
    Nakanishi, Waka; Minami, Kosuke; Shrestha, Lok Kumar; Ji, Qingmin; Hill, Jonathan P.; Ariga, Katsuhiko
    Nano Today (2014), 9 (3), 378-394CODEN: NTAOCG; ISSN:1748-0132. (Elsevier Ltd.)
    A review. Graphene, carbon nanotubes, and fullerene are representative nanocarbons which have zero, one, or two dimensional structures, resp. These nanocarbons can be used as building blocks for construction of higher dimensional or complex materials by nanoarchitectonics; a technol. used to control nanoscale structures and spaces. By combination with other materials and/or devices, nanoarchitectures of nanocarbons can be formed into structures of different dimensions and properties for biol. applications. In this review, biol. applications, esp. cell growth, sensing, and control using nanoarchitectures of nanocarbons are summarized.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXhtVanurvF&md5=09e65b89b9e27c5f8dcd8e46ce278b71
  59. 59
    Yan, J.; Saunders, B. R. Third-generation solar cells: a review and comparison of polymer: fullerene, hybrid polymer and perovskite solar cells. RSC Adv. 2014, 4, 43286– 43314,  DOI: 10.1039/C4RA07064J
    Google Scholar
    59
    Third-generation solar cells: a review and comparison of polymer:fullerene, hybrid polymer and perovskite solar cells
    Yan, Junfeng; Saunders, Brian R.
    RSC Advances (2014), 4 (82), 43286-43314CODEN: RSCACL; ISSN:2046-2069. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
    A review. The need for large scale low carbon solar electricity prodn. has become increasingly urgent for reasons of energy security and climate change mitigation. Third-generation solar cells (SCs) are soln. processed SCs based on semiconducting org. macromols., inorg. nanoparticles or hybrids. This review considers and compares three types of promising 3rd-generation SCs: polymer:fullerene, hybrid polymer and perovskite SCs. The review considers work reported since an earlier review and highlights the great progress that has been made in each area. We consider the operation principles for each SC type and also review the state-of-the-art devices. The polymer:fullerene and hybrid polymer SC open circuit voltages are compared to values predicted from the well-known Scharber equation and similarities and differences discussed. The perovskite SCs are also considered and their remarkable rate of power conversion efficiency performance increase is discussed. The review considers the requirements for large-scale deployment in the contexts of semiconducting polymer and hole transport matrix synthesis and materials selection. It is concluded that the 3rd-generation SC technologies discussed here are well placed for major contribution to large scale energy prodn. (This has already been partially demonstrated for polymer:fullerene SCs.) Looking further ahead we propose that several of the 3rd-generation SCs considered here have excellent potential to provide the low cost large-scale deployment needed to meet the terawatt challenge for solar electricity generation.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXhsVaksLnI&md5=f530f372f95b219d27535c41923d47f9
  60. 60
    Shi, X.-Q.; Hove, M. A. V.; Zhang, R.-Q. Survey of Structural and Electronic Properties of C60 on Close-Packed Metal Surfaces. J. Mater. Sci. 2012, 47, 7341– 7355,  DOI: 10.1007/s10853-012-6361-y
    Google Scholar
    60
    Survey of structural and electronic properties of C60 on close-packed metal surfaces
    Shi, Xing-Qiang; Van Hove, Michel A.; Zhang, Rui-Qin
    Journal of Materials Science (2012), 47 (21), 7341-7355CODEN: JMTSAS; ISSN:0022-2461. (Springer)
    A review. The adsorption of buckminsterfullerene (C60) on metal surfaces has been investigated extensively for its unique geometric and electronic properties. The two-dimensional systems formed on surfaces allow studying in detail the interplay between bonding and electronic structures. Recent studies reveal that C60 adsorption induces reconstruction of even the less-reactive close-packed metal surfaces. First-principles computations enable access to this important issue by providing not only detailed at. structure but also electronic properties of the substrate-adsorbate interaction, which can be compared with various exptl. techniques to det. and understand the interface structures. This review discusses in detail the ordered phases of C60 monolayers on metal surfaces and the surface reconstruction induced by C60 adsorption, with an emphasis on the different types of reconstruction resulting on close-packed metal surfaces. We show that the symmetry matching between C60 mols. and metal surfaces dets. the local adsorption configurations, while the size matching between C60 mols. and the metal surface lattice dets. the supercell sizes and shapes; importantly and uniquely for C60, the no. of surface metal atoms within one supercell dets. the different types of reconstruction that can occur. The at. structure at the mol.-metal interface is of crucial importance for the monolayer's electronic and transport properties: these will also be discussed for the well-defined adsorption structures, esp. from the perspective of tuning the electronic structure via C60-metal interface reconstruction and via relative inter-C60 orientations.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC38XjtlSmtrw%253D&md5=cc42578f06ead6410e32c30ab2137517
  61. 61
    Cho, N.-K.; Na, H.-J.; Yoo, J.; Kim, Y. S. Long-term stability in γ-CsPbI3 perovskite via an ultraviolet-curable polymer network. Commun. Mater. 2021, 2, 30  DOI: 10.1038/s43246-021-00134-1
    Google Scholar
    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
  62. 62
    Suresh, L.; Vaghasiya, J. V.; Nandakumar, D. K.; Wu, T.; Jones, M. R.; Tan, S. C. High-Performance UV Enhancer Molecules Coupled with Photosynthetic Proteins for Ultra-Low-Intensity UV Detection. Chem 2019, 5, 1847– 1860,  DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.04.017
    Google Scholar
    62
    High-Performance UV Enhancer Molecules Coupled with Photosynthetic Proteins for Ultra-Low-Intensity UV Detection
    Suresh, Lakshmi; Vaghasiya, Jayraj V.; Nandakumar, Dilip Krishna; Wu, Tingfeng; Jones, Michael R.; Tan, Swee Ching
    Chem (2019), 5 (7), 1847-1860CODEN: CHEMVE; ISSN:2451-9294. (Cell Press)
    Dual attributes of UV-photo-responsive org.-ionic conductors are exploited in bio-photoelectrochem. cells based on photosynthetic RC-LH1 proteins from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. These UV enhancer mols. (UVEM) can generate small photocurrents in the absence of protein and are also effective electrolytes for photocurrent generation by RC-LH1 complexes in response to near-IR excitation. Mixing RC-LH1 and UVEM components strongly enhanced UV photocurrents relative to those obtained with protein or UVEM alone, an effect that is attributed to energy transfer from the hetero-anthracene chromophore of the UVEM to the carotenoids of the RC-LH1 complex. RC-LH1/UVEM bio-photoelectrochem. cells were superior to conventional RC-LH1 cells in terms of UV external quantum efficiency, photo-response sensitivity, and photocurrent rise-decay times. These bio-photodetectors could detect weak UV radiation with intensities as low as 2μW/cm2. This combination of photosynthetic proteins with dual-function electrolytes is the first attempt to construct fully functional bio-photoelectrochem. UV photodetector based on natural components.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1MXhsVGrtLnO&md5=4aefff589dac1b94ceb57961c9365e51
  63. 63
    Long, S. P.; Humphries, S.; Falkowski, P. G. Photoinhibition of Photosynthesis in Nature. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 1994, 45, 633– 662,  DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pp.45.060194.003221
    Google Scholar
    63
    Photoinhibition of photosynthesis in nature
    Long, S. P.; Humphries, S.; Falkowski, P. G.
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology (1994), 45 (), 633-62CODEN: ARPBEX; ISSN:1040-2519.
    A review with 142 refs., discussing photosystem II inactivation, avoidance of PS II damage, photoinhibition in the filed and open ocean, terrestrial vegetation, phytoplankton, significance to prodn., and photoinhibition and plant distributions.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADyaK2cXlt12rsLg%253D&md5=cdd440abee71cf2efb92cba109c07d99
  64. 64
    Allahverdiyeva, Y.; Aro, E.-M. Photosynthesis; Springer: Netherlands, 2011; pp 275– 297.
    Google Scholar
    There is no corresponding record for this reference.
  65. 65
    Paul, N.; Suresh, L.; Vaghasiya, J. V.; Yang, L.; Zhang, Y.; Nandakumar, D. K.; Jones, M. R.; Tan, S. C. Self-powered all weather sensory systems powered by Rhodobacter sphaeroides protein solar cells. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2020, 165, 112423  DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112423
    Google Scholar
    65
    Self-powered all weather sensory systems powered by Rhodobacter sphaeroides protein solar cells
    Paul, Nikita; Suresh, Lakshmi; Vaghasiya, Jayraj V.; Yang, Lin; Zhang, Yaoxin; Nandakumar, Dilip Krishna; Jones, Michael R.; Tan, Swee Ching
    Biosensors & Bioelectronics (2020), 165 (), 112423CODEN: BBIOE4; ISSN:0956-5663. (Elsevier B.V.)
    Natural photosynthetic proteins can convert solar energy into elec. energy with close to 100% quantum efficiency, and there is increasing interest in their use for sustainable photoelectrochem. devices. The primary processes of photosynthesis remain operational and efficient down to extremely low temps., and natural photosystems exhibit a variety of self-healing mechanisms. Herein we demonstrate the use of an amphiphilic triblock copolymer, Pluronic F127, to fabricate a self-healing photosynthetic protein photoelectrochem. cell that operates optimally at sub-zero temps. A concn. of 30% (wt./wt.) Pluronic F127 depressed the f.p. of an electrolyte comprising 50 mM ubiquinone-0 in aq. buffer such that optimal device solar energy conversion was seen at -12°C rather than at room temp. Multiple bending cycles caused a marked deterioration of the photocurrent response to around a third of initial levels due to damage to the gel phase of the electrolyte, but this could be restored to ~ 95% by simply cooling and rewarming the device. This self-recoverability of the electrolyte extended the operational life of the protein cell through a process that increased its photoelectrochem. output during the repair. Utility of the cells as components of a touch sensor operational across a wide temp. range, including freezing conditions, is demonstrated.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXhsVCksbbL&md5=68b60a6ae03e527ee5ff7bae51563fe6
  66. 66
    Liu, J.; Friebe, V. M.; Frese, R. N.; Jones, M. R. Polychromatic solar energy conversion in pigment-protein chimeras that unite the two kingdoms of (bacterio)chlorophyll-based photosynthesis. Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 1542  DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15321-w
    Google Scholar
    66
    Polychromatic solar energy conversion in pigment-protein chimeras that unite the two kingdoms of (bacterio)chlorophyll-based photosynthesis
    Liu, Juntai; Friebe, Vincent M.; Frese, Raoul N.; Jones, Michael R.
    Nature Communications (2020), 11 (1), 1542CODEN: NCAOBW; ISSN:2041-1723. (Nature Research)
    Natural photosynthesis can be divided between the chlorophyll-contg. plants, algae and cyanobacteria that make up the oxygenic phototrophs and a diversity of bacteriochlorophyll-contg. bacteria that make up the anoxygenic phototrophs. Photosynthetic light harvesting and reaction center proteins from both kingdoms have been exploited for solar energy conversion, solar fuel synthesis and sensing technologies, but the energy harvesting abilities of these devices are limited by each protein's individual palette of pigments. In this work we demonstrate a range of genetically-encoded, self-assembling photosystems in which recombinant plant light harvesting complexes are covalently locked with reaction centers from a purple photosynthetic bacterium, producing macromol. chimeras that display mechanisms of polychromatic solar energy harvesting and conversion. Our findings illustrate the power of a synthetic biol. approach in which bottom-up construction of photosystems using naturally diverse but mechanistically complementary components can be achieved in a predictable fashion through the encoding of adaptable, plug-and-play covalent interfaces.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXlvFGnsLg%253D&md5=ee3b293e4d1ac27bf9c2f600476d123e
  67. 67
    Molamohammadi, S.; Jalili, Y. S.; Riazi, G. Photosystem I application in biohybrid polymer solar cells. AIP Adv. 2018, 8, 095319  DOI: 10.1063/1.5030777
    Google Scholar
    67
    Photosystem I application in biohybrid polymer solar cells
    Molamohammadi, Shahriar; Seyed Jalili, Yousef; Riazi, Gholamhossein
    AIP Advances (2018), 8 (9), 095319/1-095319/8CODEN: AAIDBI; ISSN:2158-3226. (American Institute of Physics)
    The use of Bio-photonic systems has attracted a lot of attention recently specially in the field of solar energy conversion and photovoltaic materials the use of photosynthetic organs of plants is very promising. The energy conversion in the process of photosynthesis is close to 100% and it's environmental compatibly are the main reasons for why photosynthesis has attracted the attention of energy system designers and researchers. The way of solar energy conversion in photosynthesis indicates a great potential as a fount of renewable energy. Use of the photosynthetic components in photosensors and photovoltaic devices solitarily, has disadvantages such as low extd. current compared to other kinds of photovoltaic materials. Accordingly, for more useful and better application, these photosynthetic components could be used as the optimizer of the other species of photovoltaic materials and solar cells. photosystem1 protein complex, which is the main member of photosynthetic components has max. absorption spectrum wavelength at 430nm and 665nm. Therefore, it can be an appropriate complement for polymeric solar cells with their absorption spectrum at the green wavelength region. In this paper we have used the photosystem1 protein complex in the inverted polymer solar cell with structure of ITO/P3HT:ICBA/PS1/Al and pos. results have been obsd. So that the polymer solar cells efficiency was enhanced from 4.3% to 4.53%. (c) 2018 American Institute of Physics.
    >> More from SciFinder ®
    https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXhvVSisb%252FN&md5=bfcc21784a42f9c6bdbf721e984658d7

Cited By

Click to copy section linkSection link copied!

This article is cited by 12 publications.

  1. Jerry A. Fereiro, Tatyana Bendikov, Andreas Herrmann, Israel Pecht, Mordechai Sheves, David Cahen. Protein Orientation Defines Rectification of Electronic Current via Solid-State Junction of Entire Photosystem-1 Complex. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 2023, 14 (12) , 2973-2982. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03700
  2. Karim Khanmohammadi Chenab, Mohammad-Reza Zamani Meymian, Sepideh Bagheri, Ali Akbar Ranjbari Nadinlooie, Javad Bavarsadian Kha, Saeed Yazdani, Mika Sillanpää. Nature-inspired enhancement in power conversion efficiency of bio-photovoltaics using photosynthetic protein complexes. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 2025, 185 , 108916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2024.108916
  3. Nahid Torabi, Ryan C. Chiechi. Photosystem I complexes form remarkably stable self-assembled tunneling junctions. Nanoscale 2024, 16 (41) , 19400-19412. https://doi.org/10.1039/D4NR02554G
  4. Jonathan Rojas, Zhe Wang, Feng Liu, Jerry A. Fereiro, Domenikos Chryssikos, Thomas Dittrich, Dario Leister, David Cahen, Marc Tornow. Current Rectification Via Photosystem I Monolayers Induced by Their Orientation on Hydrophilic Self-Assembled Monolayers on Titanium Nitride. 2024, 266-271. https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO61778.2024.10628956
  5. Shangjie Ge-Zhang, Taoyang Cai, Mingbo Song. Life in biophotovoltaics systems. Frontiers in Plant Science 2023, 14 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1151131
  6. Tianming Li, Vineeth Kumar Bandari, Oliver G. Schmidt. Molecular Electronics: Creating and Bridging Molecular Junctions and Promoting Its Commercialization. Advanced Materials 2023, 35 (22) https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202209088
  7. Roman A. Voloshin, Ekaterina S. Lokteva, Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev. Photosystem I in the biohybrid electrodes. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2023, 41 , 100816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2023.100816
  8. Yoana Pérez-Badell, Luis A. Montero-Cabrera. The CNDOL Fockian with the configuration interaction of single excited wave functions to model the exciton properties of large molecular systems for photovoltaic devices. Molecular Physics 2023, 121 (1) https://doi.org/10.1080/00268976.2022.2151945
  9. Xinkai Qiu, Ryan C. Chiechi. Printable logic circuits comprising self-assembled protein complexes. Nature Communications 2022, 13 (1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30038-8
  10. Ayobami Elisha Oseyemi, Kiran Kuruvinashetti, Muthukumaran Packirisamy. Perspective—Trends in the Miniaturization of Photosynthetic Power Cell towards Improved Power Density. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 2022, 169 (12) , 126501. https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/aca129
  11. Sebastian Szewczyk, Alice Goyal, Mateusz Abram, Gotard Burdziński, Joanna Kargul, Krzysztof Gibasiewicz. Electron Transfer in a Bio-Photoelectrode Based on Photosystem I Multilayer Immobilized on the Conducting Glass. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2022, 23 (9) , 4774. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094774
  12. Nahid Torabi, Sylvia Rousseva, Qi Chen, Ali Ashrafi, Ahmad Kermanpur, Ryan C. Chiechi. Graphene oxide decorated with gold enables efficient biophotovolatic cells incorporating photosystem I. RSC Advances 2022, 12 (14) , 8783-8791. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA08908K
Download PDF
Go to Langmuir
Get e-Alerts
Get e-Alerts

Langmuir

Cite this: Langmuir 2021, 37, 39, 11465–11473
Click to copy citationCitation copied!
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01542
Published September 21, 2021

Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society. This publication is licensed under

CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 .

Article Views

2267

Altmetric

-

Citations

12
Learn about these metrics

Article Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.

Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.

The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated.

  • Abstract

    High Resolution Image
    Download MS PowerPoint Slide

    Figure 1

    Figure 1. Schematic of the two configurations of the biophotovoltaic test devices, (a) incorporating a bilayer of PCBA/PSI and (b) incorporating a monolayer of IQAc-PSI. In both configurations, the AuSE electrode is covered by the channel into which EGaIn and electrolyte are sequentially injected. (c) Schematic of an assembled test device showing a 12 mm central channel, which is connected to inlets for injecting EGaIn and electrolyte into either side of an array of 50 μm posts spaced by 50 μm. The total width of the central channel is 475 μm.

    High Resolution Image
    Download MS PowerPoint Slide

    Figure 2

    Figure 2. Working principle of (a) PCBA-based and (b) IQAc-based biophotovoltaic devices. For PCBA-based devices, a SAM of PCBA is first grown on the AuSE electrode, which directs the subsequent self-assembly of PSI with the stromal side toward the PCBA. For the IQAc peptide-based devices, PSI is first incubated with IQAc, which preferentially binds to the stromal side. A cystine residue then directs the assembly of the IQAc-PSI complexes on the surface of the AuSE electrode. For both configurations, the devices are completed by the injection of EGaIn electrodes and a solution of DCPIP and ascorbic acid. Under illumination, this redox couple shuttles holes from the PSI and the EGaIn electrode, while electrons are injected into PCBA or, in the case of the IQAc-based devices, directly into AuSE.

    High Resolution Image
    Download MS PowerPoint Slide

    Figure 3

    Figure 3. Energy level and schematic representation of the final PCBA-based BPV device. (The energy level data are given elsewhere. (53−55)).

    High Resolution Image
    Download MS PowerPoint Slide

    Figure 4

    Figure 4. (a) Current density and (b) output power of a typical BPV device fabricated using a bilayer of PCBA/PSI in the dark and under illumination.

    High Resolution Image
    Download MS PowerPoint Slide

    Figure 5

    Figure 5. (a) Current density and (a) output power of a typical BPV device fabricated using a monolayer of IQAc-PSI in the dark and under illumination.

    High Resolution Image
    Download MS PowerPoint Slide

    Figure 6

    Figure 6. Comparison of JSC between four best-performing devices fabricated by a bilayer of PCBA/PSI (black), a monolayer of the mixture of IQAc peptide and PSI (red), a monolayer of PCBA without PSI (green), and a monolayer of IQAc peptide without PSI (blue) under cycles of illumination (1 min) and dark (4 min) over a total of 25 min. The periods in which the devices are illuminated are specified by light pink bars.

    High Resolution Image
    Download MS PowerPoint Slide

    Figure 7

    Figure 7. Comparison of photocurrent density of two sets of BPV devices fabricated using the bilayer of PCBA/PSI and the monolayer of IQAc-PSI over 15 days. On day 8, active PSI was replaced with inactive PSI. The values of photocurrent density of PCBA/PSI and IQAc-PSI BPV devices were linearly fitted as shown with black and red lines.

    High Resolution Image
    Download MS PowerPoint Slide

  • References

    This article references 67 other publications.

    1. 1
      Scharber, M.; Mühlbacher, D.; Koppe, M.; Denk, P.; Waldauf, C.; Heeger, A.; Brabec, C. Design Rules for Donors in Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells—Towards 10 % Energy-Conversion Efficiency. Adv. Mater. 2006, 18, 789– 794,  DOI: 10.1002/adma.200501717
      1
      Design rules for donors in bulk-heterojunction solar cells-towards 10 % energy-conversion efficiency
      Scharber, Markus C.; Muehlbacher, David; Koppe, Markus; Denk, Patrick; Waldauf, Christoph; Heeger, Alan J.; Brabec, Christoph J.
      Advanced Materials (Weinheim, Germany) (2006), 18 (6), 789-794CODEN: ADVMEW; ISSN:0935-9648. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)
      Solar cells were fabricated from a variety of com. available compds. and were studied. For bulk-heterojunction photovoltaic cells fabricated from conjugated polymers and a fullerene deriv., the relation between the open-circuit voltage (Voc) and the oxidn. potential for different conjugated polymers is studied. A linear relation between Voc and the oxidn. potential is found (see figure). Based on this relation, the energy-conversion efficiency of a bulk-heterojunction solar cell is derived as a function of the bandgap and the energy levels of the conjugated polymer.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD28XjsV2isrw%253D&md5=2b4b2b73db6b35d7f375c2ffd65e66c0
    2. 2
      Clarke, T. M.; Durrant, J. R. Charge Photogeneration in Organic Solar Cells. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 6736– 6767,  DOI: 10.1021/cr900271s
      2
      Charge Photogeneration in Organic Solar Cells
      Clarke, Tracey M.; Durrant, James R.
      Chemical Reviews (Washington, DC, United States) (2010), 110 (11), 6736-6767CODEN: CHREAY; ISSN:0009-2665. (American Chemical Society)
      A review. Org. solar cells utilizing π-conjugated polymers have attracted interest in the academic and com. communities. These polymers are promising in terms of their electronic properties, low cost, versatility of functionalization, thin film flexibility, and ease of processing. These factors indicate that org. solar cells, although currently having relatively low power conversion efficiencies of 5 to 7%, compared to inorg. solar cells, they can compete effectively with alternative solar cell technologies. The efficiency of org. solar cells need further improvement.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3cXjs1yksg%253D%253D&md5=64230a8447194c23ff34167436a83745
    3. 3
      Grätzel, M. Materials for Sustainable Energy; Co-Published with Macmillan Publishers Ltd.: U.K., 2010; pp 26– 32.
      There is no corresponding record for this reference.
    4. 4
      Nguyen, K.; Bruce, B. D. Growing Green Electricity: Progress and Strategies for Use of Photosystem I for Sustainable Photovoltaic Energy Conversion. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Bioenerg. 2014, 1837, 1553– 1566,  DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.12.013
      4
      Growing green electricity: Progress and strategies for use of Photosystem I for sustainable photovoltaic energy conversion
      Nguyen, Khoa; Bruce, Barry D.
      Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Bioenergetics (2014), 1837 (9), 1553-1566CODEN: BBBEB4; ISSN:0005-2728. (Elsevier B. V.)
      Oxygenic photosynthesis is driven via sequential action of Photosystem II (PSII) and (PSI)reaction centers via the Z-scheme. Both of these pigment-membrane protein complexes are found in cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. Unlike PSII, PSI is remarkably stable and does not undergo limiting photo-damage. This stability, as well as other fundamental structural differences, makes PSI the most attractive reaction centers for applied photosynthetic applications. These applied applications exploit the efficient light harvesting and high quantum yield of PSI where the isolated PSI particles are redeployed providing electrons directly as a photocurrent or, via a coupled catalyst to yield H2. Recent advances in mol. genetics, synthetic biol., and nanotechnol. have merged to allow PSI to be integrated into a myriad of biohybrid devices. In photocurrent producing devices, PSI has been immobilized onto various electrode substrates with a continuously evolving toolkit of strategies and novel reagents. However, these innovative yet highly variable designs make it difficult to identify the rate-limiting steps and/or components that function as bottlenecks in PSI-biohybrid devices. In this study we aim to highlight these recent advances with a focus on identifying the similarities and differences in electrode surfaces, immobilization/orientation strategies, and artificial redox mediators. Collectively this work has been able to maintain an annual increase in photocurrent d. (A cm- 2) of ∼ 10-fold over the past decade. The potential drawbacks and attractive features of some of these schemes are also discussed with their feasibility on a large-scale. As an environmentally benign and renewable resource, PSI may provide a new sustainable source of bioenergy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Photosynthesis Research for Sustainability: Keys to Produce Clean Energy.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXhvFGktrY%253D&md5=e52883e42b53520558ab28ffdc8e6f5c
    5. 5
      Brettel, K.; Leibl, W. Electron Transfer in Photosystem I. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Bioenerg. 2001, 1507, 100– 114,  DOI: 10.1016/S0005-2728(01)00202-X
      5
      Electron transfer in photosystem I
      Brettel, Klaus; Leibl, Winfried
      Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Bioenergetics (2001), 1507 (1-3), 100-114CODEN: BBBEB4; ISSN:0005-2728. (Elsevier B.V.)
      A review. This mini-review focuses on recent exptl. results and questions, which came up since the last more comprehensive reviews on the subject. We include a brief discussion of the different techniques used for time-resolved studies of electron transfer in photosystem I (PS I) and relate the kinetic results to new structural data of the PS I reaction center.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD3MXnvFCktbY%253D&md5=54853ac113aab68bf53d1d9495a8a7a7
    6. 6
      Nelson, N.; Ben-Shem, A. The Complex Architecture of Oxygenic Photosynthesis. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2004, 5, 971– 982,  DOI: 10.1038/nrm1525
      6
      The complex architecture of oxygenic photosynthesis
      Nelson, Nathan; Ben-Shem, Adam
      Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (2004), 5 (12), 971-982CODEN: NRMCBP; ISSN:1471-0072. (Nature Publishing Group)
      A review. Oxygenic photosynthesis is the principal producer of both oxygen and org. matter on earth. The primary step in this process, i.e., the conversion of sunlight into chem. energy, is driven by four multisubunit membrane-protein complexes that are known as photosystem I, photosystem II, cytochrome b6f and F-ATPase. Structural insights into these complexes have provided a framework for the exploration not only of energy and electron transfer, but also of the evolutionary forces that shaped the photosynthetic app.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2cXhtVarsbzP&md5=861031c7898c616cda294676edac6607
    7. 7
      Nelson, N.; Yocum, C. F. Structure And Function Of Photosystems I And Ii. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 2006, 57, 521– 565,  DOI: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105350
      7
      Structure and function of photosystems I and II
      Nelson, Nathan; Yocum, Charles F.
      Annual Review of Plant Biology (2006), 57 (), 521-565CODEN: ARPBDW ISSN:. (Annual Reviews Inc.)
      A review. Oxygenic photosynthesis, the principal converter of sunlight into chem. energy on earth, is catalyzed by four multi-subunit membrane-protein complexes: photosystem I (PSI), photosystem II (PSII), the cytochrome b6f complex, and F-ATPase. PSI generates the most neg. redox potential in nature and largely dets. the global amt. of enthalpy in living systems. PSII generates an oxidant whose redox potential is high enough to enable it to oxidize H2O, a substrate so abundant that it assures a practically unlimited electron source for life on earth. During the last century, the sophisticated techniques of spectroscopy, mol. genetics, and biochem. were used to reveal the structure and function of the two photosystems. The new structures of PSI and PSII from cyanobacteria, algae, and plants has shed light not only on the architecture and mechanism of action of these intricate membrane complexes, but also on the evolutionary forces that shaped oxygenic photosynthesis.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD28XosVKht7w%253D&md5=b6e2c2856d90824f9855afe39ac78adb
    8. 8
      El-Mohsnawy, E.; Kopczak, M. J.; Schlodder, E.; Nowaczyk, M.; Meyer, H. E.; Warscheid, B.; Karapetyan, N. V.; Rögner, M. Structure and Function of Intact Photosystem 1 Monomers From the Cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus. Biochemistry 2010, 49, 4740– 4751,  DOI: 10.1021/bi901807p
      8
      Structure and Function of Intact Photosystem 1 Monomers from the Cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus
      El-Mohsnawy, Eithar; Kopczak, Marta J.; Schlodder, Eberhard; Nowaczyk, Marc; Meyer, Helmut E.; Warscheid, Bettina; Karapetyan, Navassard V.; Roegner, Matthias
      Biochemistry (2010), 49 (23), 4740-4751CODEN: BICHAW; ISSN:0006-2960. (American Chemical Society)
      Until now, the functional and structural characterization of monomeric photosystem 1 (PS1) complexes from Thermosynechococcus elongatus has been hampered by the lack of a fully intact PS1 prepn.; for this reason, the three-dimensional crystal structure at 2.5 Å resoln. was detd. with the trimeric PS1 complex. Here, the possibility of isolating from this cyanobacterium the intact monomeric PS1 complex which preserves all subunits and the photochem. activity of the isolated trimeric complex is shown. Moreover, the equil. between these complexes in the thylakoid membrane can be shifted by a high-salt treatment in favor of monomeric PS1 which can be quant. extd. below the phase transition temp. Both monomers and trimers exhibit identical post-translational modifications of their subunits and the same reaction centers but differ in the long-wavelength antenna chlorophylls. Their chlorophyll/P700 ratio (108 for the monomer and 112 for the trimer) is slightly higher than in the crystal structure, confirming mild prepn. conditions. Interaction of antenna chlorophylls of the monomers within the trimer leads to a larger amt. of long-wavelength chlorophylls, resulting in a higher photochem. activity of the trimers under red or far-red illumination. The dynamic equil. between monomers and trimers in the thylakoid membrane may indicate a transient monomer population in the course of biogenesis and could also be the basis for short-term adaptation of the cell to changing environmental conditions.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3cXmtlCrt78%253D&md5=1103363c3a1f714f07e1179bb7708a03
    9. 9
      Gordiichuk, P. I.; Wetzelaer, G.-J. A. H.; Rimmerman, D.; Gruszka, A.; de Vries, J. W.; Saller, M.; Gautier, D. A.; Catarci, S.; Pesce, D.; Richter, S.; Blom, P. W. M.; Herrmann, A. Solid-State Biophotovoltaic Cells Containing Photosystem I. Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 4863– 4869,  DOI: 10.1002/adma.201401135
      9
      Solid-state biophotovoltaic cells containing Photosystem I
      Gordiichuk, Pavlo I.; Wetzelaer, Gert-Jan A. H.; Rimmerman, Dolev; Gruszka, Agnieszka; Willem de Vries, Jan X.; Saller, Manfred; Gautier, Daniel A.; Catarci, Stefano; Pesce, Diego; Richter, Shachar; Blom, Paul W. M.; Herrmann, Andreas
      Advanced Materials (Weinheim, Germany) (2014), 26 (28), 4863-4869CODEN: ADVMEW; ISSN:0935-9648. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)
      Processes occurring during photosynthesis, such as dynamic self-repair, light harvesting and quantum effects can be integrated into man-made photovoltaic devices. One of the most frequently used photoactive building blocks for that purpose is the multiprotein complex photosystem I (PSI). Biophotovoltaic devices similar to DSSCs were fabricated by self-assembly of PSI on 3D nanostructured semiconductor electrodes using a liq. electrolyte as redox mediator. Here, we introduce the implementation of PSI in org. electronic devices that combine the ease of processing of org. semiconductors with the biophotovoltaic activity of PSI.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXos1CjtL0%253D&md5=2ca7ed4b6f064ba7a6480e00fc62f364
    10. 10
      Gizzie, E. A.; Niezgoda, J. S.; Robinson, M. T.; Harris, A. G.; Jennings, G. K.; Rosenthal, S. J.; Cliffel, D. E. Photosystem I-Polyaniline/TiO2 Solid-State Solar Cells: Simple Devices for Biohybrid Solar Energy Conversion. Energy Environ. Sci. 2015, 8, 3572– 3576,  DOI: 10.1039/C5EE03008K
      10
      Photosystem I-polyaniline/TiO2 solid-state solar cells: simple devices for biohybrid solar energy conversion
      Gizzie, Evan A.; Scott Niezgoda, J.; Robinson, Maxwell T.; Harris, Andrew G.; Kane Jennings, G.; Rosenthal, Sandra J.; Cliffel, David E.
      Energy & Environmental Science (2015), 8 (12), 3572-3576CODEN: EESNBY; ISSN:1754-5706. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
      Novel Photosystem I (PSI) based solid-state solar cells were prepd. by directly electropolymg. polyaniline (PAni) in the presence of solubilized PSI on a TiO2 anode. These devices feature a unique bio-derived, photoactive composite layer for efficient charge sepn. and charge transfer from protein to electrode. This work introduces a new artificial photosynthesis platform for scalable and sustainable solar energy conversion.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXhslKlu7zF&md5=68fc1fd014604ab64e98f33aeea837b2
    11. 11
      Beam, J. C.; LeBlanc, G.; Gizzie, E. A.; Ivanov, B. L.; Needell, D. R.; Shearer, M. J.; Jennings, G. K.; Lukehart, C. M.; Cliffel, D. E. Construction of a Semiconductor-Biological Interface for Solar Energy Conversion: P-Doped Silicon/Photosystem I/Zinc Oxide. Langmuir 2015, 31, 10002– 10007,  DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02334
      11
      Construction of a Semiconductor-Biological Interface for Solar Energy Conversion: p-Doped Silicon/Photosystem I/Zinc Oxide
      Beam, Jeremiah C.; LeBlanc, Gabriel; Gizzie, Evan A.; Ivanov, Borislav L.; Needell, David R.; Shearer, Melinda J.; Jennings, G. Kane; Lukehart, Charles M.; Cliffel, David E.
      Langmuir (2015), 31 (36), 10002-10007CODEN: LANGD5; ISSN:0743-7463. (American Chemical Society)
      The interface between photoactive biol. materials with two distinct semiconducting electrodes is challenging both to develop and analyze. Building off of our previous work using films of photosystem I (PSI) on p-doped silicon, we have deposited a cryst. zinc oxide (ZnO) anode using confined-plume chem. deposition (CPCD). We demonstrate the ability of CPCD to deposit cryst. ZnO without damage to the PSI biomaterial. Using electrochem. techniques, we were able to probe this complex semiconductor-biol. interface. Finally, as a proof of concept, a solid-state photovoltaic device consisting of p-doped silicon, PSI, ZnO, and ITO was constructed and evaluated.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXhsVWnt7vN&md5=778629b0d4513362da375db30f6af127
    12. 12
      Das, R.; Kiley, P. J.; Segal, M.; Norville, J.; Yu, A. A.; Wang, L.; Trammell, S. A.; Reddick, L. E.; Kumar, R.; Stellacci, F.; Lebedev, N.; Schnur, J.; Bruce, B. D.; Zhang, S.; Baldo, M. Integration of Photosynthetic Protein Molecular Complexes in Solid-State Electronic Devices. Nano Lett. 2004, 4, 1079– 1083,  DOI: 10.1021/nl049579f
      12
      Integration of Photosynthetic Protein Molecular Complexes in Solid-State Electronic Devices
      Das, Rupa; Kiley, Patrick J.; Segal, Michael; Norville, Julie; Yu, A. Amy; Wang, Leyu; Trammell, Scott A.; Reddick, L. Evan; Kumar, Rajay; Stellacci, Francesco; Lebedev, Nikolai; Schnur, Joel; Bruce, Barry D.; Zhang, Shuguang; Baldo, Marc
      Nano Letters (2004), 4 (6), 1079-1083CODEN: NALEFD; ISSN:1530-6984. (American Chemical Society)
      Plants and photosynthetic bacteria contain protein-mol. complexes that harvest photons with nearly optimum quantum yield and an expected power conversion efficiency exceeding 20%. In this work, we demonstrate the integration of elec. active photosynthetic protein-mol. complexes in solid-state devices, realizing photodetectors and photovoltaic cells with internal quantum efficiencies of approx. 12%. Electronic integration of devices is achieved by self-assembling an oriented monolayer of photosynthetic complexes, stabilizing them with surfactant peptides, and then coating them with a protective org. semiconductor.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2cXktValsLc%253D&md5=19670ae6c5c5c6a2b2f59da6b38f4b17
    13. 13
      Ciornii, D.; Riedel, M.; Stieger, K. R.; Feifel, S. C.; Hejazi, M.; Lokstein, H.; Zouni, A.; Lisdat, F. Bioelectronic Circuit on a 3D Electrode Architecture: Enzymatic Catalysis Interconnected With Photosystem I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 16478– 16481,  DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10161
      13
      Bioelectronic Circuit on a 3D Electrode Architecture: Enzymatic Catalysis Interconnected with Photosystem I
      Ciornii, Dmitri; Riedel, Marc; Stieger, Kai R.; Feifel, Sven C.; Hejazi, Mahdi; Lokstein, Heiko; Zouni, Athina; Lisdat, Fred
      Journal of the American Chemical Society (2017), 139 (46), 16478-16481CODEN: JACSAT; ISSN:0002-7863. (American Chemical Society)
      Artificial light-driven signal chains are particularly important for the development of systems converting light into a current, into chems. or for light-induced sensing. Here, we report on the construction of an all-protein, light-triggered, catalytic circuit based on photosystem I, cytochrome c (cyt c) and human sulfite oxidase (hSOX). The defined assembly of all components using a modular design results in an artificial biohybrid electrode architecture, combining the photophys. features of PSI with the biocatalytic properties of hSOX for advanced light-controlled bioelectronics. The working principle is based on a competitive switch between electron supply from the electrode or by enzymic substrate conversion.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2sXhslGnu77O&md5=1101e3a8e40811274e87b4ceda75dd28
    14. 14
      Passantino, J. M.; Wolfe, K. D.; Simon, K. T.; Cliffel, D. E.; Jennings, G. K. Photosystem I Enhances the Efficiency of a Natural, Gel-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell. ACS Appl. Bio Mater. 2020, 3, 4465– 4473,  DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00446
      14
      Photosystem I Enhances the Efficiency of a Natural, Gel-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
      Passantino, Joshua M.; Wolfe, Kody D.; Simon, Keiann T.; Cliffel, David E.; Jennings, G. Kane
      ACS Applied Bio Materials (2020), 3 (7), 4465-4473CODEN: AABMCB; ISSN:2576-6422. (American Chemical Society)
      The photosystem I (PSI) protein complex is known to enhance bioelectrode performance for many liq.-based photoelectrochem. cells. A hydrogel as electrolyte media allows for simpler fabrication of more robust and practical solar cells in comparison to liq.-based devices. This paper reports a natural, gel-based dye-sensitized solar cell that integrates PSI to improve device efficiency. TiO2-coated FTO slides, dyed by blackberry anthocyanin, act as a photoanode, while a film of PSI deposited onto copper comprises the photocathode. Ascorbic acid (AscH) and 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) are the redox mediator couple inside an agarose hydrogel, enabling PSI to produce excess oxidized species near the cathode to improve device performance. A comparison of performance at low pH and neutral pH was performed to test the pH-dependent properties of the AscH/DCPIP couple. Devices at neutral pH performed better than those at lower pH. The PSI film enhanced photovoltage by 75 mV to a total photovoltage of 0.45 V per device and provided a mediator concn.-dependent photocurrent enhancement over non-PSI devices, reaching an instantaneous power conversion efficiency of 0.30% compared to 0.18% without PSI, a 1.67-fold increase. At steady state, power conversion efficiencies for devices with and without PSI were 0.042 and 0.028%, resp.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXhtVaqs7%252FF&md5=c05ce99e63af1f6cc0dc60fe61134da6
    15. 15
      Qiu, X.; Ocampo, O. C.; de Vries, H. W.; van Putten, M.; Loznik, M.; Herrmann, A.; Chiechi, R. C. Self-Regenerating Soft Biophotovoltaic Devices. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 37625– 37633,  DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11115
      15
      Self-Regenerating Soft Biophotovoltaic Devices
      Qiu, Xinkai; Castaneda Ocampo, Olga; de Vries, Hendrik W.; van Putten, Maikel; Loznik, Mark; Herrmann, Andreas; Chiechi, Ryan C.
      ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2018), 10 (43), 37625-37633CODEN: AAMICK; ISSN:1944-8244. (American Chemical Society)
      This paper describes the fabrication of soft, stretchable biophotovoltaic devices that generate photocurrent from photosystem I (PSI) complexes that are self-assembled onto Au electrodes with a preferred orientation. Charge is collected by the direct injection of electrons into the Au electrode and the transport of holes through a redox couple to liq. eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) (alloy) electrodes that are confined to microfluidic pseudochannels by arrays of posts. The pseudochannels are defined in a single fabrication step that leverages the non-Newtonian rheol. of EGaIn. This strategy is extended to the fabrication of reticulated electrodes that are inherently stretchable. A simple shadow evapn. technique is used to increase the surface area of the Au electrodes by a factor of approx. 106 compared to planar electrodes. The power conversion efficiency of the biophotovoltaic devices decreases over time, presumably as the PSI complexes denature and/or detach from the Au electrodes. However, by circulating a soln. of active PSI complexes the devices self-regenerate by mass action/self-assembly. These devices leverage simple fabrication techniques to produce complex function and prove that photovoltaic devices comprising PSI can retain the ability to regenerate, one of the most important functions of photosynthetic organisms.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXhvVKlurvO&md5=a9327ea3e2adb1c8ef286d1386da8a2d
    16. 16
      Wolfe, K. D.; Dervishogullari, D.; Stachurski, C. D.; Passantino, J. M.; Jennings, G. K.; Cliffel, D. E. Photosystem I Multilayers Within Porous Indium Tin Oxide Cathodes Enhance Mediated Electron Transfer. ChemElectroChem 2020, 7, 596– 603,  DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901628
      16
      Photosystem I Multilayers within Porous Indium Tin Oxide Cathodes Enhance Mediated Electron Transfer
      Wolfe, Kody D.; Dervishogullari, Dilek; Stachurski, Christopher D.; Passantino, Joshua M.; Kane Jennings, G.; Cliffel, David E.
      ChemElectroChem (2020), 7 (3), 596-603CODEN: CHEMRA; ISSN:2196-0216. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)
      Understanding and improving charge transfer pathways between extd. Photosystem I (PSI) protein complexes and electrodes is necessary for the development of low-cost PSI-based devices for energy conversion. We incorporated PSI multilayers within porous indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes and obsd. a greater mediated photocurrent in comparison to multilayers on planar ITO. First, the mediated electron transfer (MET) pathway in the presence of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) and ascorbate (AscH) was studied via photochronoamperometry on planar ITO. ITO nanoparticles were then used to fabricate two porous electrode morphologies; mesoporous (20-100 nm pores) and macroporous (5μm pores). PSI multilayers within macroporous ITO cathodes produced 42±5μA cm-2 of photocurrent, three times the photocurrent produced by mesoporous ITO. Addnl., macroporous cathodes are able to utilize twice as much active surface area, when compared to mesoporous cathodes. Our findings show that MET within PSI multilayers is greater in 5μm macropores than mesoporous ITO due to both an increase in electrode surface area and the location of PSI complexes within the pores. Improving MET in PSI-based bioelectrodes has applications including improving the total charge transfer achieved in PSI-based photoelectrochem. cells or even incorporation in bio-photocatalytic cells.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1MXitlGhsbrM&md5=56202e4e1f090f3abc5b509c6aa10892
    17. 17
      Ciesielski, P. N.; Hijazi, F. M.; Scott, A. M.; Faulkner, C. J.; Beard, L.; Emmett, K.; Rosenthal, S. J.; Cliffel, D.; Jennings, G. K. Photosystem I-Based biohybrid photoelectrochemical cells. Bioresour. Technol. 2010, 101, 3047– 3053,  DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.045
      17
      Photosystem I- based biohybrid photoelectrochemical cells
      Ciesielski, Peter N.; Hijazi, Frederick M.; Scott, Amanda M.; Faulkner, Christopher J.; Beard, Lisa; Emmett, Kevin; Rosenthal, Sandra J.; Cliffel, David; Kane Jennings, G.
      Bioresource Technology (2010), 101 (9), 3047-3053CODEN: BIRTEB; ISSN:0960-8524. (Elsevier Ltd.)
      Photosynthesis is the process by which Nature coordinates a tandem of protein complexes of impressive complexity that function to harness staggering amts. of solar energy on a global scale. Advances in biochem. and nanotechnol. have provided tools to isolate and manipulate the individual components of this process, thus opening a door to a new class of highly functional and vastly abundant biol. resources. Here we show how one of these components, Photosystem I (PSI), is incorporated into an electrochem. system to yield a stand-alone biohybrid photoelectrochem. cell that converts light energy into elec. energy. The cells make use of a dense multilayer of PSI complexes assembled on the surface of the cathode to produce a photocatalytic effect that generates photocurrent densities of ∼2 μA/cm2 at moderate light intensities. We describe the relationship between the current and voltage prodn. of the cells and the photoinduced interactions of PSI complexes with electrochem. mediators, and show that the performance of the present device is limited by diffusional transport of the electrochem. mediators through the electrolyte. These biohybrid devices display remarkable stability, as they remain active in ambient conditions for at least 280 days. Even at bench-scale prodn., the materials required to fabricate the cells described in this manuscript cost ∼10 cents per cm2 of active electrode area.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3cXhtVantrg%253D&md5=9e8050e1f7147619d3395b9aa0072acf
    18. 18
      Tschörtner, J.; Lai, B.; Krömer, J. O. Biophotovoltaics: Green Power Generation From Sunlight and Water. Front. Microbiol. 2019, 10, 866  DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00866
      18
      Biophotovoltaics: Green Power Generation From Sunlight and Water
      Tschortner Jenny; Lai Bin; Kromer Jens O
      Frontiers in microbiology (2019), 10 (), 866 ISSN:1664-302X.
      Biophotovoltaics is a relatively new discipline in microbial fuel cell research. The basic idea is the conversion of light energy into electrical energy using photosynthetic microorganisms. The microbes will use their photosynthetic apparatus and the incoming light to split the water molecule. The generated protons and electrons are harvested using a bioelectrochemical system. The key challenge is the extraction of electrons from the microbial electron transport chains into a solid-state anode. On the cathode, a corresponding electrochemical counter reaction will consume the protons and electrons, e.g., through the oxygen reduction to water, or hydrogen formation. In this review, we are aiming to summarize the current state of the art and point out some limitations. We put a specific emphasis on cyanobacteria, as these microbes are considered future workhorses for photobiotechnology and are currently the most widely applied microbes in biophotovoltaics research. Current progress in biophotovoltaics is limited by very low current outputs of the devices while a lack of comparability and standardization of the experimental set-up hinders a systematic optimization of the systems. Nevertheless, the fundamental questions of redox homeostasis in photoautotrophs and the potential to directly harvest light energy from a highly efficient photosystem, rather than through oxidation of inefficiently produced biomass are highly relevant aspects of biophotovoltaics.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A280%3ADC%252BB3M7otlemsA%253D%253D&md5=36cf44fed74aed94e6e870f7ee5c031f
    19. 19
      Sokol, K. P.; Mersch, D.; Hartmann, V.; Zhang, J. Z.; Nowaczyk, M. M.; Rögner, M.; Ruff, A.; Schuhmann, W.; Plumeré, N.; Reisner, E. Rational Wiring of Photosystem II to Hierarchical Indium Tin Oxide Electrodes Using Redox Polymers. Energy Environ. Sci. 2016, 9, 3698– 3709,  DOI: 10.1039/C6EE01363E
      19
      Rational wiring of photosystem II to hierarchical indium tin oxide electrodes using redox polymers
      Sokol, Katarzyna P.; Mersch, Dirk; Hartmann, Volker; Zhang, Jenny Z.; Nowaczyk, Marc M.; Rogner, Matthias; Ruff, Adrian; Schuhmann, Wolfgang; Plumere, Nicolas; Reisner, Erwin
      Energy & Environmental Science (2016), 9 (12), 3698-3709CODEN: EESNBY; ISSN:1754-5706. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
      A benchmark Photosystem II (PSII)-electrode system that combines the efficient wiring afforded by redox-active polymers with the high loading provided by hierarchically-structured inverse opal indium tin oxide (IO-ITO) electrodes was reported. Compared to flat electrodes, the hierarchical IO-ITO electrodes enabled up to an approx. 50-fold increase in the immobilization of an Os complex-modified and a phenothiazine-modified polymer. When the Os complex-modified polymer is co-adsorbed with PSII on the hierarchical electrodes, photocurrent densities of up to ∼410μA cm-2 at 0.5 V vs. SHE were obsd. in the absence of diffusional mediators, demonstrating a substantially improved wiring of PSII to the IO-ITO electrode with the redox polymer. The high photocurrent d. allowed for the quantification of O2 evolution, and a Faradaic efficiency of 85 ± 9% was measured. As such, we have demonstrated a high performing and fully integrated host-guest system with excellent electronic wiring and loading capacity. This assembly strategy may form the basis of all-integrated electrode designs for a wide range of biol. and synthetic catalysts.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XhtFSntr%252FF&md5=19daa1e0f16d1b093fdcba607a154fd1
    20. 20
      Takekuma, Y.; Ikeda, N.; Kawakami, K.; Kamiya, N.; Nango, M.; Nagata, M. Photocurrent Generation by a Photosystem I-NiO Photocathode for a P-Type Biophotovoltaic Tandem Cell. RSC Adv. 2020, 10, 15734– 15739,  DOI: 10.1039/D0RA01793K
      20
      Photocurrent generation by a photosystem I-NiO photocathode for a p-type biophotovoltaic tandem cell
      Takekuma, Yuya; Ikeda, Nobuhiro; Kawakami, Keisuke; Kamiya, Nobuo; Nango, Mamoru; Nagata, Morio
      RSC Advances (2020), 10 (27), 15734-15739CODEN: RSCACL; ISSN:2046-2069. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
      Photosynthesis is a process used by algae and plants to convert light energy into chem. energy. Due to their uniquely natural and environmentally friendly nature, photosynthetic proteins have attracted attention for use in a variety of artificial applications. Among the various types, biophotovoltaics based on dye-sensitized solar cells have been demonstrated in many studies. Although most related works have used n-type semiconductors, a p-type semiconductor is also a significant potential component for tandem cells. In this work, we used mesoporous NiO as a p-type semiconductor substrate for Photosystem I (PSI) and demonstrated a p-type PSI-biophotovoltaic and tandem cell based on dye-sensitized solar cells. Under visible light illumination, the PSI-adsorbed NiO electrode generated a cathodic photocurrent. The p-type biophotovoltaic cell using the PSI-adsorbed NiO electrode generated electricity, and the IPCE spectrum was consistent with the absorption spectrum of PSI. These results indicate that the PSI-adsorbed NiO electrode acts as a photocathode. Moreover, a tandem cell consisting of the PSI-NiO photocathode and a PSI-TiO2 photoanode showed a high open-circuit voltage of over 0.7 V under illumination to the TiO2 side. Thus, the tandem strategy can be utilized for biophotovoltaics, and the use of other biomaterials that match the solar spectrum will lead to further progress in photovoltaic performance.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXnsFSrt74%253D&md5=7af29c8b5f726082b7b6fdc3cd18acbf
    21. 21
      Takeuchi, R.; Suzuki, A.; Sakai, K.; Kitazumi, Y.; Shirai, O.; Kano, K. Construction of Photo-Driven Bioanodes Using Thylakoid Membranes and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Bioelectrochemistry 2018, 122, 158– 163,  DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.04.001
      21
      Construction of photo-driven bioanodes using thylakoid membranes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes
      Takeuchi, Ryosuke; Suzuki, Arato; Sakai, Kento; Kitazumi, Yuki; Shirai, Osamu; Kano, Kenji
      Bioelectrochemistry (2018), 122 (), 158-163CODEN: BIOEFK; ISSN:1567-5394. (Elsevier B.V.)
      A photo-driven bioanode was constructed using the thylakoid membrane from spinach, carbon nanotubes, and an artificial mediator. By considering a linear free-energy relationship in the electron transfer from the thylakoid membrane to the mediators, and the oxygen resistance of the reduced mediators, 1,2-naphthoquinone was selected as the most suitable mediator for the photo-driven bioanode. Water-dispersed multi-walled carbon nanotubes served as scaffolds to hold the thylakoid membrane on a porous electrode. The constructed photo-driven bioanode exhibited a photocurrent d. of over 100 μA cm-2 at a photon flux d. of 1500 μmol m-2 s-1.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXntlSht7Y%253D&md5=00463d46342ea4662f259478b016262e
    22. 22
      Pankratov, D.; Zhao, J.; Nur, M. A.; Shen, F.; Leech, D.; Chi, Q.; Pankratova, G.; Gorton, L. The Influence of Surface Composition of Carbon Nanotubes on the Photobioelectrochemical Activity of Thylakoid Bioanodes Mediated by Osmium-Complex Modified Redox Polymer. Electrochim. Acta 2019, 310, 20– 25,  DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.097
      22
      The influence of surface composition of carbon nanotubes on the photobioelectrochemical activity of thylakoid bioanodes mediated by osmium-complex modified redox polymer
      Pankratov, Dmitry; Zhao, Jianming; Nur, Mohammed Ahmed; Shen, Fei; Leech, Donal; Chi, Qijin; Pankratova, Galina; Gorton, Lo
      Electrochimica Acta (2019), 310 (), 20-25CODEN: ELCAAV; ISSN:0013-4686. (Elsevier Ltd.)
      A combination of photosynthetic biocatalysts with high surface area conductive materials mediated by an Os-complex modified redox polymer (OsRP) holds promising features for the development of sustainable green systems for solar energy conversion. The authors performed a comparative study of two types of C nanotubes (CNTs) synthesized by pyrolysis of polymeric precursors. Both CNTs were of similar morphol., but had a different surface C/O ratio. The CNTs were used as a support for immobilization of thylakoid membranes, electrochem. wired through the OsRP. The photobioanodes based on the CNTs with a higher C/O ratio exhibit a higher max. photocurrent d. of 97.1 ± 8.3μA cm-2 at a light intensity of 400 W m-2 with reduced charge transfer resistance, but had lower operational stability. The authors' results demonstrate the significance of studying of electrochem. communication between the photosynthetic component, the redox mediator and the support nanomaterial and may offer new opportunities for designing and optimization of mediated bioelectrochem. systems.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1MXosVSltbk%253D&md5=5d9395e92ef715c2b79468266833dc80
    23. 23
      Feifel, S. C.; Stieger, K. R.; Hejazi, M.; Wang, X.; Ilbert, M.; Zouni, A.; Lojou, E.; Lisdat, F. Dihemic C4-Type Cytochrome Acting as a Surrogate Electron Conduit: Artificially Interconnecting a Photosystem I Supercomplex With Electrodes. Electrochem. Commun. 2018, 91, 49– 53,  DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.05.006
      23
      Dihemic c4-type cytochrome acting as a surrogate electron conduit: Artificially interconnecting a photosystem I supercomplex with electrodes
      Feifel, Sven C.; Stieger, Kai R.; Hejazi, Mahdi; Wang, Xie; Ilbert, Marianne; Zouni, Athina; Lojou, Elisabeth; Lisdat, Fred
      Electrochemistry Communications (2018), 91 (), 49-53CODEN: ECCMF9; ISSN:1388-2481. (Elsevier B.V.)
      Connection of photosystem I (PSI) with electrodes has been shown to create artificial photosynthetic systems that hold promise for the synthesis of solar fuels. The high quantum yields of PSI require efficient electron transfer from the electrode to the reaction center of PSI in order to restock the light-induced holes, a task which in nature is performed by small redox proteins. Here, we have investigated the potential "wiring" properties of a dihemic c-type cytochrome (cyt c4), in order to efficiently connect PSI with electrodes. Cyt c4 has shown direct electron transfer (DET) with both hemes in elec. communication with two different electrode materials (ITO and Au) and on the basis of cyt c4-multilayer electrodes "self-exchange" properties can also be deduced. Investigation of cyt c4 in combination with PSI within an inverse opal ITO electrode has shown the dihemic protein to be a valuable mol. electron conduit, able to interconnect the photoenzymic reaction with the 3D electrode. The properties have been compared with those of electrodes based on monohemic cyt c derived from horse heart.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXpt1Grurs%253D&md5=ec66fe8f8cea36b34ca061106819f57d
    24. 24
      Stieger, K. R.; Feifel, S. C.; Lokstein, H.; Hejazi, M.; Zouni, A.; Lisdat, F. Biohybrid Architectures for Efficient Light-to-Current Conversion Based on Photosystem I Within Scalable 3D Mesoporous Electrodes. J. Mater. Chem. A 2016, 4, 17009– 17017,  DOI: 10.1039/C6TA07141D
      24
      Biohybrid architectures for efficient light-to-current conversion based on photosystem I within scalable 3D mesoporous electrodes
      Stieger, K. R.; Feifel, S. C.; Lokstein, H.; Hejazi, M.; Zouni, A.; Lisdat, F.
      Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability (2016), 4 (43), 17009-17017CODEN: JMCAET; ISSN:2050-7496. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
      The combination of advanced materials and defined surface design with complex proteins from natural photosynthesis is currently one of the major topics in the development of biohybrid systems and biophotovoltaic devices. In this study transparent mesoporous indium tin oxide (μITO) electrodes have been used in combination with the trimeric supercomplex photosystem I (PSI) from Thermosynechococcus elongatus and the small redox protein cytochrome c (cyt c) from horse heart to fabricate advanced and efficient photobiocathodes. The prepn. of the μITO via spin coating allows easy scalability and ensures a defined increase in the electrochem. active surface area with accessibility for both proteins. Using these 3D electrodes up to 40 μm thickness, the immobilization of cyt c and PSI with full monolayer coverage and their elec. communication to the electrode can be achieved. Significant improvement can be made when the heterogeneous electron transfer rate const. of cyt c with the electrode is increased by an appropriate surface treatment. The photocurrent follows linearly the thickness of the μITO and current densities of up to 150 μA/cm2 can be obtained without indications of a limitation. The internal quantum efficiency is detd. to be 39% which demonstrates that the wiring of PSI via cyt c can be advantageously used in a system with high protein loading and efficient electron pathways inside 3D transparent conducting oxides.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28Xhs1SjsrzP&md5=bbbf8b48b5bdcc25f409edd081fdbd3e
    25. 25
      Ciornii, D.; Kölsch, A.; Zouni, A.; Lisdat, F. A Precursor-Approach in Constructing 3D ITO Electrodes for the Improved Performance of Photosystem I-Cyt C Photobioelectrodes. Nanoscale 2019, 11, 15862– 15870,  DOI: 10.1039/C9NR04344F
      25
      A precursor-approach in constructing 3D ITO electrodes for the improved performance of photosystem I-cyt c photobioelectrodes
      Ciornii, Dmitri; Koelsch, Adrian; Zouni, Athina; Lisdat, Fred
      Nanoscale (2019), 11 (34), 15862-15870CODEN: NANOHL; ISSN:2040-3372. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
      In recent years the use of photoelectrodes based on conductive metal oxides has become very popular in the field of photovoltaics. The application of 3D electrodes holds great promise since they can integrate large amts. of photoactive proteins. In this study photosystem I (PSI) from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus was immobilized on 3D ITO electrodes and elec. wired via the redox protein cytochrome c (cyt c). The main goal, however, was the investigation of construction parameters of such electrodes for achieving a high performance. For this, ITO electrodes were constructed from liq. precursors resulting in improved transmission compared to previous nanoparticle-based prepn. protocols. First, the doping level of Sn was varied for establishing suitable conditions for a fast cyt c electrochem. on such 3D electrodes. In a second step the pore diam. was varied in order to elucidate optimal conditions. Third, the scalability of the template-based prepn. was studied from 3 to 15 layers during spin coating and the subsequent baking step. In the thickness range from 3 to 17 μm no limitation in the protein immobilization and also in the photocurrent generation was found. Consequently, a photocurrent of about 270 μA cm-2 and a turnover no. (Te) of 30 e- s-1 at PSI were achieved. Because of the high current flow the withdrawal of electrons at the stromal side of PSI becomes clearly rate limiting. Here improved transport conditions and alternative electron acceptors were studied to overcome this limitation.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1MXhtlGrsLzP&md5=6489c1d9447e871ca7804714e93dcf9d
    26. 26
      Stieger, K. R.; Feifel, S. C.; Lokstein, H.; Lisdat, F. Advanced Unidirectional Photocurrent Generation via Cytochrome C as Reaction Partner for Directed Assembly of Photosystem I. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2014, 16, 15667– 15674,  DOI: 10.1039/C4CP00935E
      26
      Advanced unidirectional photocurrent generation via cytochrome c as reaction partner for directed assembly of photosystem I
      Stieger, Kai R.; Feifel, Sven C.; Lokstein, Heiko; Lisdat, Fred
      Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (2014), 16 (29), 15667-15674CODEN: PPCPFQ; ISSN:1463-9076. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
      Conversion of light into an elec. current based on biohybrid systems mimicking natural photosynthesis is becoming increasingly popular. Photosystem I (PSI) is particularly useful in such photo-bioelectrochem. devices. Herein, we report on a novel biomimetic approach for an effective assembly of photosystem I with the electron transfer carrier cytochrome c (cyt c), deposited on a thiol-modified gold-surface. Atomic force microscopy and surface plasmon resonance measurements have been used for characterization of the assembly process. Photoelectrochem. expts. demonstrate a cyt c mediated generation of an enhanced unidirectional cathodic photocurrent. Here, cyt c can act as a template for the assembly of an oriented and dense layer of PSI and as wiring agent to direct the electrons from the electrode towards the photosynthetic reaction center of PSI. Furthermore, three-dimensional protein architectures have been formed via the layer-by-layer deposition technique resulting in a successive increase in photocurrent densities. An intermittent cyt c layer is essential for an efficient connection of PSI layers with the electrode and for an improvement of photocurrent densities.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXhtVCis7vI&md5=a98d058ac69140163341466e72f692b7
    27. 27
      Szalkowski, M.; Olmos, J. D. J.; Buczyńska, D.; Maćkowski, S.; Kowalska, D.; Kargul, J. Plasmon-Induced Absorption of Blind Chlorophylls in Photosynthetic Proteins Assembled on Silver Nanowires. Nanoscale 2017, 9, 10475– 10486,  DOI: 10.1039/C7NR03866F
      27
      Plasmon-induced absorption of blind chlorophylls in photosynthetic proteins assembled on silver nanowires
      Szalkowski, Marcin; Janna Olmos, Julian David; Buczynska, Dorota; Mackowski, Sebastian; Kowalska, Dorota; Kargul, Joanna
      Nanoscale (2017), 9 (29), 10475-10486CODEN: NANOHL; ISSN:2040-3372. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
      We demonstrate that controlled assembly of eukaryotic photosystem I with its assocd. light harvesting antenna complex (PSI-LHCI) on plasmonically active silver nanowires (AgNWs) substantially improves the optical functionality of such a novel biohybrid nanostructure. By comparing fluorescence intensities measured for PSI-LHCI complex randomly oriented on AgNWs and the results obtained for the PSI-LHCI/cytochrome c553 (cyt c553) bioconjugate with AgNWs we conclude that the specific binding of photosynthetic complexes with defined uniform orientation yields selective excitation of a pool of chlorophyll (Chl) mols. that are otherwise almost non-absorbing. This is remarkable, as this study shows for the first time that plasmonic excitations in metallic nanostructures can not only be used to enhance native absorption of photosynthetic pigments, but also - by employing cyt c553 as the conjugation cofactor - to activate the specific Chl pools as the absorbing sites only when the uniform and well-defined orientation of PSI-LHCI with respect to plasmonic nanostructures is achieved. As absorption of PSI alone is comparatively low, our approach lends itself as an innovative approach to outperform the reported-to-date biohybrid devices with respect to solar energy conversion.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2sXhtV2qt7%252FI&md5=233ee6126bc853fabc2720248293bc08
    28. 28
      Gordiichuk, P.; Pesce, D.; Ocampo, O. E. C.; Marcozzi, A.; Wetzelaer, G.-J. A. H.; Paul, A.; Loznik, M.; Gloukhikh, E.; Richter, S.; Chiechi, R. C.; Herrmann, A. Orientation and Incorporation of Photosystem I in Bioelectronics Devices Enabled by Phage Display. Adv. Sci. 2017, 4, 1600393  DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600393
      28
      Orientation and Incorporation of Photosystem I in Bioelectronics Devices Enabled by Phage Display
      Gordiichuk Pavlo; Pesce Diego; Marcozzi Alessio; Wetzelaer Gert-Jan A H; Paul Avishek; Loznik Mark; Herrmann Andreas; Ocampo Olga E Castaneda; Chiechi Ryan C; Gloukhikh Ekaterina; Richter Shachar
      Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) (2017), 4 (5), 1600393 ISSN:2198-3844.
      Interfacing proteins with electrode surfaces is important for the field of bioelectronics. Here, a general concept based on phage display is presented to evolve small peptide binders for immobilizing and orienting large protein complexes on semiconducting substrates. Employing this method, photosystem I is incorporated into solid-state biophotovoltaic cells.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A280%3ADC%252BC1cnhsFehtg%253D%253D&md5=ac726426219ea715a84d650868b10fc9
    29. 29
      Castañeda Ocampo, O. E.; Gordiichuk, P.; Catarci, S.; Gautier, D. A.; Herrmann, A.; Chiechi, R. C. Mechanism of Orientation-Dependent Asymmetric Charge Transport in Tunneling Junctions Comprising Photosystem I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 8419– 8427,  DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b01241
      29
      Mechanism of Orientation-Dependent Asymmetric Charge Transport in Tunneling Junctions Comprising Photosystem I
      Castaneda Ocampo, Olga E.; Gordiichuk, Pavlo; Catarci, Stefano; Gautier, Daniel A.; Herrmann, Andreas; Chiechi, Ryan C.
      Journal of the American Chemical Society (2015), 137 (26), 8419-8427CODEN: JACSAT; ISSN:0002-7863. (American Chemical Society)
      Recently, photoactive proteins have gained a lot of attention due to their incorporation into bioinspired (photo)electrochem. and solar cells. This paper describes the measurement of the asymmetry of current transport of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of the entire photosystem I (PSI) protein complex (not the isolated reaction center, RCI), on two different "director SAMs" supported by ultraflat Au substrates. The director SAMs induce the preferential orientation of PSI, which manifest as asymmetry in tunneling charge-transport. We measured the oriented SAMs of PSI using eutectic Ga-In (EGaIn), a large-area technique, and conducting probe at. force microscopy (CP-AFM), a single-complex technique, and detd. that the transport properties are comparable. By varying the temps. at which the measurements were performed, we found that there is no measurable dependence of the current on temp. from ±0.1 to ±1.0 V bias, and thus, we suggest tunneling as the mechanism for transport; there are no thermally activated (e.g., hopping) processes. Therefore, it is likely that relaxation in the electron transport chain is not responsible for the asymmetry in the conductance of SAMs of PSI complexes in these junctions, which we ascribe instead to the presence of a large, net dipole moment present in PSI.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXhtVansLzP&md5=703c9c1be3e0c71bca1efc07de0bf0cc
    30. 30
      Gunther, D.; LeBlanc, G.; Prasai, D.; Zhang, J. R.; Cliffel, D. E.; Bolotin, K. I.; Jennings, G. K. Photosystem I on Graphene as a Highly Transparent, Photoactive Electrode. Langmuir 2013, 29, 4177– 4180,  DOI: 10.1021/la305020c
      30
      Photosystem I on Graphene as a Highly Transparent, Photoactive Electrode
      Gunther, Darlene; LeBlanc, Gabriel; Prasai, Dhiraj; Zhang, Jamie R.; Cliffel, David E.; Bolotin, Kirill I.; Jennings, G. Kane
      Langmuir (2013), 29 (13), 4177-4180CODEN: LANGD5; ISSN:0743-7463. (American Chemical Society)
      We report the fabrication of a hybrid light-harvesting electrode consisting of photosystem I (PSI) proteins extd. from spinach and adsorbed as a monolayer onto elec. contacted, large-area graphene. The transparency of graphene supports the choice of an opaque mediator at elevated concns. For example, we report a photocurrent of 550 nA/cm2 from a monolayer of PSI on graphene in the presence of 20 mM methylene blue, which yields an opaque blue soln. The PSI-modified graphene electrode has a total thickness of less than 10 nm and demonstrates photoactivity that is an order of magnitude larger than that for unmodified graphene, establishing the feasibility of conjoining these nanomaterials as potential constructs in next-generation photovoltaic devices.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXktF2mtbc%253D&md5=9de728bb1d5bcf5f93da74f7baf05911
    31. 31
      Manocchi, A. K.; Baker, D. R.; Pendley, S. S.; Nguyen, K.; Hurley, M. M.; Bruce, B. D.; Sumner, J. J.; Lundgren, C. A. Photocurrent Generation From Surface Assembled Photosystem I on Alkanethiol Modified Electrodes. Langmuir 2013, 29, 2412– 2419,  DOI: 10.1021/la304477u
      31
      Photocurrent generation from surface assembled photosystem I on alkanethiol modified electrodes
      Manocchi, Amy K.; Baker, David R.; Pendley, Scott S.; Nguyen, Khoa; Hurley, Margaret M.; Bruce, Barry D.; Sumner, James J.; Lundgren, Cynthia A.
      Langmuir (2013), 29 (7), 2412-2419CODEN: LANGD5; ISSN:0743-7463. (American Chemical Society)
      Photosystem I (PSI) is a key component of oxygenic photosynthetic electron transport because of its light-induced electron transfer to the sol. electron acceptor ferredoxin. This work demonstrates the incorporation of surface assembled cyanobacterial trimeric PSI complexes into a biohybrid system for light-driven current generation. Specifically, this work demonstrates the improved assembly of PSI via electrophoretic deposition, with controllable surface assembled PSI d., on different self-assembled alkanethiol monolayers. Using artificial electron donors and acceptors (Os(bpy)2Cl2 and Me viologen) we demonstrate photocurrent generation from a single PSI layer, which remains photoactive for at least three hours of intermittent illumination. Photoelectrochem. comparison of the biohybrid systems assembled from different alkanethiols (hexanethiol, aminohexanethiol, mercaptohexanol, and mercaptohexanoic acid) reveals that the PSI generated photocurrent is enhanced by almost 5 times on neg. charged SAM surfaces as compared to pos. charged surfaces. These results are discussed in light of how PSI is oriented upon electrodeposition on a SAM.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXhvVynur0%253D&md5=669eafadcfda7f831a4c8e0a462f73dc
    32. 32
      Badura, A.; Kothe, T.; Schuhmann, W.; Rögner, M. Wiring Photosynthetic Enzymes to Electrodes. Energy Environ. Sci. 2011, 4, 3263,  DOI: 10.1039/c1ee01285a
      32
      Wiring photosynthetic enzymes to electrodes
      Badura, Adrian; Kothe, Tim; Schuhmann, Wolfgang; Roegner, Matthias
      Energy & Environmental Science (2011), 4 (9), 3263-3274CODEN: EESNBY; ISSN:1754-5706. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
      A review. The efficient electron transfer between redox enzymes and electrode surfaces can be obtained by wiring redox enzymes using, for instance, polymer-bound redox relays as has been demonstrated as a basis for the design of amperometric biosensors, logic gates or sensor arrays and more general as a central aspect of "bioelectrochem.". Related devices allow exploiting the unique catalytic properties of enzymes, among which photosynthetic enzymes are esp. attractive due to the possibility to trigger the redox reactions upon irradn. with light. Photocatalytic properties such as the light-driven water splitting by photosystem 2 make them unique candidates for the development of semiartificial devices which convert light energy into stable chem. product, like hydrogen. This review summarizes recent concepts for the integration of photosystem 1 and photosystem 2 into bioelectrochem. devices with special focus on strategies for the design of electron transfer pathways between redox enzymes and conductive supports.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3MXht1Cqs7jF&md5=878fdd7d7c689e1110c78db776258354
    33. 33
      Pachoumi, O.; Bakulin, A. A.; Sadhanala, A.; Sirringhaus, H.; Friend, R. H.; Vaynzof, Y. Improved Performance of ZnO/Polymer Hybrid Photovoltaic Devices by Combining Metal Oxide Doping and Interfacial Modification. J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118, 18945– 18950,  DOI: 10.1021/jp506266f
      33
      Improved Performance of ZnO/Polymer Hybrid Photovoltaic Devices by Combining Metal Oxide Doping and Interfacial Modification
      Pachoumi, Olympia; Bakulin, Artem A.; Sadhanala, Aditya; Sirringhaus, Henning; Friend, Richard H.; Vaynzof, Yana
      Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2014), 118 (33), 18945-18950CODEN: JPCCCK; ISSN:1932-7447. (American Chemical Society)
      Photoinduced charge sepn. at hybrid org.-inorg. interfaces is poorly understood and challenging to control. Charge sepn. is investigated at a model system of ZnO/poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and employ Sr doping of ZnO and phenyl-C61-butyric acid (PCBA) self-assembled modification to study and enhance the charge sepn. efficiency. Ti was found that doping alone lowers the efficiency of charge sepn. due to the introduction of defect states at the oxide surface. However, with the combination of doping and mol. modification, charge sepn. efficiency is significantly enhanced due to the passivation of interfacial traps and improved modifier coverage. This demonstrates a complex noncumulative effect of doping and surface modification and shows that with the correct choice of metal oxide dopant and org. modifier, a poorly performing hybrid interface can be turned into an efficient one.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXht1Sqsb%252FJ&md5=73d602ba597e489f75c6ae4f2749224f
    34. 34
      Lee, E. J.; Heo, S. W.; Han, Y. W.; Moon, D. K. An Organic-inorganic Hybrid Interlayer for Improved Electron Extraction in Inverted Polymer Solar Cells. J. Mater. Chem. C 2016, 4, 2463– 2469,  DOI: 10.1039/C5TC03754A
      34
      An organic-inorganic hybrid interlayer for improved electron extraction in inverted polymer solar cells
      Lee, Eui Jin; Heo, Soo Won; Han, Yong Woon; Moon, Doo Kyung
      Journal of Materials Chemistry C: Materials for Optical and Electronic Devices (2016), 4 (13), 2463-2469CODEN: JMCCCX; ISSN:2050-7534. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
      We fabricated inverted polymer solar cells (PSCs) using an org.-inorg. hybrid interlayer for electron extn. The surface energy and surface defects of an org.-inorg. ZnO-PFN hybrid film, which was prepd. by dissolving the conjugated polymer electrolyte poly[(9,9-bis(3'-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene)] (PFN) in a ZnO soln., were reduced, compared to ZnO film. By introducing the ZnO-PFN electron extn. layer, the interfacial contact between the active and electron extn. layers was improved and the series resistance of the PSC device was decreased. As a result, electron extn. from the active layer to the electrode was enhanced. The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the inverted PSCs was 9.2%. Also, the ZnO-PFN-based inverted PSCs showed improved long-term stability compared to ZnO-based devices. The ZnO-PFN interlayer aimed to overcome the drawbacks of the conventional hydrophilic surface of ZnO, based on the properties of the conjugated polymer (PFN) without the need for addnl. processes. It was therefore simple to fabricate the inverted PSCs, making the devices com. viable.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XlsVSksg%253D%253D&md5=f836d3e8a73f5dbe14d2004188ff2d68
    35. 35
      Thu, C. Role of the Metal-Oxide Work Function on Photocurrent Generation in Hybrid Solar Cells. Sci. Rep. 2018, 8, 3559  DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21721-2
      35
      Role of the Metal-Oxide Work Function on Photocurrent Generation in Hybrid Solar Cells
      Thu Chawloon; Ehrenreich Philipp; Wong Ka Kan; Zimmermann Eugen; Wang Wei; Fakharuddin Azhar; Putnik Martin; Kalb Julian; Pfadler Thomas; Schmidt-Mende Lukas; Dorman James; Drivas Charalampos; Kennou Stella; Koutsoubelitis Aimilios; Palilis Leonidas C; Vasilopoulou Maria
      Scientific reports (2018), 8 (1), 3559 ISSN:.
      ZnO is a widely used metal-oxide semiconductor for photovoltaic application. In solar cell heterostructures they not only serve as a charge selective contact, but also act as electron acceptor. Although ZnO offers a suitable interface for exciton dissociation, charge separation efficiencies have stayed rather poor and conceptual differences to organic acceptors are rarely investigated. In this work, we employ Sn doping to ZnO nanowires in order to understand the role of defect and surface states in the charge separation process. Upon doping we are able to modify the metal-oxide work function and we show its direct correlation with the charge separation efficiency. For this purpose, we use the polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) as donor and the squaraine dye SQ2 as interlayer. Interestingly, neither mobilities nor defects are prime performance limiting factor, but rather the density of available states around the conduction band is of crucial importance for hybrid interfaces. This work highlights crucial aspects to improve the charge generation process of metal-oxide based solar cells and reveals new strategies to improve the power conversion efficiency of hybrid solar cells.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A280%3ADC%252BC1MrkvVOhtw%253D%253D&md5=1842ee7f3709658f9c60eb85da1a8d18
    36. 36
      Aryal, U. K.; Arivunithi, V. M.; Reddy, S. S.; Kim, J.; Gal, Y.-S.; Jin, S.-H. Efficient Dual Cathode Interfacial Layer for High Performance Organic and Perovskite Solar Cells. Org. Electron. 2018, 63, 222– 230,  DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2018.09.034
      36
      Efficient dual cathode interfacial layer for high performance organic and perovskite solar cells
      Aryal, Um Kanta; Arivunithi, Veera Murugan; Reddy, Saripally Sudhaker; Kim, Junyoung; Gal, Yeong-Soon; Jin, Sung-Ho
      Organic Electronics (2018), 63 (), 222-230CODEN: OERLAU; ISSN:1566-1199. (Elsevier B.V.)
      Cathode interfacial layer (CIL), phenylquinoline-based, 10-ethyl-3,7-bis(4-phenylquinolin-2-yl)-10H-phenothiazine (PTDPQ) was employed between the ZnO and photoactive layer, poly[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl] thieno[3,4-b]-thiophenediyl] (PTB7):[6,6]-Ph C71-butyric acid Me ester (PC71BM) for the inverted org. solar cells (IOSCs) and between LiF and PTB7:PC71BM for conventional org. solar cells (COSCs). It was also incorporated as interfacial layer in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). For the ZnO/PTDPQ bilayer, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) enhanced to 8.69%, which is about 15% improvement than that of the control IOSCs ref. device. For the PTDPQ/LiF bilayer, it was achieved to 8.06%, and after insertion of PTDPQ as interfacial layer for PSCs, av. PCE enhanced to 16.45% from that of 15.28% ref. device. Hereinafter, PTDPQ as CIL enhances the solar cells device performance. It is analyzed that the charge recombination is suppressed and facilitates charge extn. due to the incorporation of the dual CIL as accordance with obsd. improvement of the solar cell parameters. The devices with dual CIL showed the higher electron mobility which matches with the higher fill factor and improved c.d. The dual CIL exhibited excellent impact on enhancing the photovoltaic properties of OSCs and PSCs along with long-term stability.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXhvVegsrbF&md5=b5e5cbf20306ceab76f0bac5a3aae69f
    37. 37
      Alshanableh, A.; Tan, S. T.; Yap, C. C.; Lee, H. B.; Oleiwi, H. F.; Hong, K. J.; Jumali, M. H. H.; Yahaya, M. Surface Engineering of ZnO Nanorod for Inverted Organic Solar Cell. Mater. Sci. Eng., B 2018, 238–239, 136– 141,  DOI: 10.1016/j.mseb.2018.12.024
      37
      Surface engineering of ZnO nanorod for inverted organic solar cell
      Alshanableh, Abdelelah; Tan, Sin Tee; Yap, Chi Chin; Lee, Hock Beng; Oleiwi, Hind Fadhil; Hong, Kai Jeat; Jumali, Mohd. Hafizuddin Hj.; Yahaya, Muhammad
      Materials Science & Engineering, B: Advanced Functional Solid-State Materials (2018), 238-239 (), 136-141CODEN: MSBTEK; ISSN:0921-5107. (Elsevier B.V.)
      Crystallinity and band offset alignment of inorg. electron acceptor play a vital role in enhancing the device performance of inverted org. solar cell (IOSC). In this report, homogenous and vertically-aligned chem. treated ZnO nanorods (ZNR) were successfully grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate via a fully-soln. method. It was found that the morphol. of ZnO was fine-tuned from truncated surface to tubular structure under both of the anionic (KOH) and protonic (HCl) treatment. An extraordinary defect quenching phenomenon and hyperchromic energy band edge shift were obsd. in 0.1 M KOH-treated ZNR proven by the highest (002) peak detection and the lowest defect d. Compared with the pristine sample, the 0.1 M KOH-treated ZNR device showed a remarkable improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 0.32%, signifying the effectiveness of anodic treatment. The robust correlation between the dependency of chem. treated ZNR and the device performance was established. This work elucidates a feasible method towards efficient IOSC devices development.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1MXotFer&md5=4e9c163ac271747f0eabdd4ec5350f7a
    38. 38
      Hummelen, J. C.; Knight, B. W.; LePeq, F.; Wudl, F.; Yao, J.; Wilkins, C. L. Preparation and Characterization of Fulleroid and Methanofullerene Derivatives. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 532– 538,  DOI: 10.1021/jo00108a012
      38
      Preparation and Characterization of Fulleroid and Methanofullerene Derivatives
      Hummelen, Jan C.; Knight, Brian W.; LePeq, F.; Wudl, Fred; Yao, Jie; Wilkins, Charles L.
      Journal of Organic Chemistry (1995), 60 (3), 532-8CODEN: JOCEAH; ISSN:0022-3263. (American Chemical Society)
      We describe the synthesis and complete characterization of sol. derivs. of C60 for applications to physics and biol. The goal of the strategy was to have a "modular" approach in order to be able to easily vary a functional group attached indirectly to the cluster. The functionality could be hydrophilic (e.g., histamide) or hydrophobic (e.g., cholestanoxy). The former was prepd. for biol. studies and the latter for photophys. studies toward improvement of photoinduced electron transfer efficiencies in the fabrication of photodetectors and photodiodes. An important intermediate, a carboxylic acid, was found to be recalcitrant to characterization by the usual mass spectroscopic and elemental anal. techniques. This problem was solved by the use of MALDI-MS. The carboxylic acid was easily converted to the key intermediate acid chloride, which in turn was convertible to a large variety of derivs. Both isomeric forms ([5,6], fulleroid and [6,6], methanofullerene) of the C61 clusters were prepd. The fulleroid formation could have given rise to a 50:50 mixt. of phenyl-over-former pentagon phenyl-over-former hexagon isomers but, remarkably, afforded a 95:5 mixt. of these isomers, resp. The fulleroid and methanofullerene gave different cyclic voltammograms, with the former being reduced at 34 mV more pos. potential than the latter.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADyaK2MXjtlOhtrY%253D&md5=d273aa4dee90ae3622b0d24d838d41d3
    39. 39
      Ortiz, M. L.; Zamora, R. A.; Giannotti, M. I.; Hu, C.; Croce, R.; Gorostiza, P. Distance and Potential Dependence of Charge Transport Through the P700 Reaction Center of Photosystem I. ChemRxiv 2021,  DOI: 10.26434/chemrxiv.14556048
      There is no corresponding record for this reference.
    40. 40
      Qiu, X.; Ivasyshyn, V.; Qiu, L.; Enache, M.; Dong, J.; Rousseva, S.; Portale, G.; Stöhr, M.; Hummelen, J. C.; Chiechi, R. C. Thiol-Free Self-Assembled Oligoethylene Glycols Enable Robust Air-Stable Molecular Electronics. Nat. Mater. 2020, 19, 330– 337,  DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0587-x
      40
      Thiol-free self-assembled oligoethylene glycols enable robust air-stable molecular electronics
      Qiu, Xinkai; Ivasyshyn, Viktor; Qiu, Li; Enache, Mihaela; Dong, Jingjin; Rousseva, Sylvia; Portale, Giuseppe; Stohr, Meike; Hummelen, Jan C.; Chiechi, Ryan C.
      Nature Materials (2020), 19 (3), 330-337CODEN: NMAACR; ISSN:1476-1122. (Nature Research)
      Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are widely used to engineer the surface properties of metals. The relatively simple and versatile chem. of metal-thiolate bonds makes thiolate SAMs the preferred option in a range of applications, yet fragility and a tendency to oxidize in air limit their long-term use. Here, we report the formation of thiol-free self-assembled mono- and bilayers of glycol ethers, which bind to the surface of coinage metals through the spontaneous chemisorption of glycol ether-functionalized fullerenes. As-prepd. assemblies are bilayers presenting fullerene cages at both the substrate and ambient interface. Subsequent exposure to functionalized glycol ethers displaces the topmost layer of glycol ether-functionalized fullerenes, and the resulting assemblies expose functional groups to the ambient interface. These layers exhibit the key properties of thiolate SAMs, yet they are stable to ambient conditions for several weeks, as shown by the performance of tunnelling junctions formed from SAMs of alkyl-functionalized glycol ethers. Glycol ether-functionalized spiropyrans incorporated into mixed monolayers lead to reversible, light-driven conductance switching. Self-assemblies of glycol ethers are drop-in replacements for thiolate SAMs that retain all of their useful properties while avoiding the drawbacks of metal-thiolate bonds.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXivFKhu7s%253D&md5=7be85fccbe6c04386651e776832efa08
    41. 41
      Vaynzof, Y.; Kabra, D.; Zhao, L.; Ho, P. K. H.; Wee, A. T.-S.; Friend, R. H. Improved Photoinduced Charge Carriers Separation in Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Photovoltaic Devices. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2010, 97, 033309  DOI: 10.1063/1.3464973
      41
      Improved photoinduced charge carriers separation in organic-inorganic hybrid photovoltaic devices
      Vaynzof, Yana; Kabra, Dinesh; Zhao, Lihong; Ho, Peter K. H.; Wee, Andrew T.-S.; Friend, Richard H.
      Applied Physics Letters (2010), 97 (3), 033309/1-033309/3CODEN: APPLAB; ISSN:0003-6951. (American Institute of Physics)
      We demonstrate enhanced performance of a hybrid photovoltaic device, where poly3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) is used as active material and a soln.-processed thin flat film of ZnO-modified by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of phenyl-C61-butyric acid (PCBA) is used as electron extg. electrode. UV photoemission spectroscopy measurements reveal an increase in the substrate work function from 3.6 to 4.1 eV upon PCBA SAM deposition due to an interfacial dipole pointing away from the ZnO. External quantum efficiency (EQE) of the SAM modified devices reached 9%, greatly improved over the 3% EQE of the unmodified devices. This corresponds to full charge sepn. of all photoexcitations generated in the P3HT within an exciton diffusion range from the interface. (c) 2010 American Institute of Physics.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3cXptFKjs7Y%253D&md5=04a2df49c4241d355701c823b3b01e71
    42. 42
      Vaynzof, Y.; Bakulin, A. A.; Gélinas, S.; Friend, R. H. Direct Observation of Photoinduced Bound Charge-Pair States at an Organic-Inorganic Semiconductor Interface. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2012, 108, 246605  DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.246605
      42
      Direct observation of photoinduced bound charge-pair states at an organic-inorganic semiconductor interface
      Vaynzof, Yana; Bakulin, Artem A.; Gelinas, Simon; Friend, Richard H.
      Physical Review Letters (2012), 108 (24), 246605/1-246605/5CODEN: PRLTAO; ISSN:0031-9007. (American Physical Society)
      It is generally considered that photoinduced charge transfer at the org.-inorg. interfaces in hybrid photovoltaic devices immediately results in a pair of free charge carriers. We extend a novel interface-selective ultrafast "optical pump-push photocurrent probe" technique to study hybrid photovoltaic systems and observe bound electron-hole pair states at the org.-inorg. interface formed between electron-accepting zinc oxide and electron-donating conjugated polymers. We est. that ∼50% of photogenerated charges stay bound and later recombine, thus hindering the photovoltaic performance of polymer/ZnO cells. We further demonstrate that interface modification with a fullerene deriv. decreases the fraction of bound charges to ∼25%, which substantially improves the device efficiency.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC38XhtVamt77M&md5=6dab33a72a665864e44bcb86ff7fc59d
    43. 43
      Lee, I.; Lee, J. W.; Greenbaum, E. Biomolecular Electronics: Vectorial Arrays of Photosynthetic Reaction Centers. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1997, 79, 3294– 3297,  DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.3294
      43
      Biomolecular Electronics: Vectorial Arrays of Photosynthetic Reaction Centers
      Lee, Ida; Lee, James W.; Greenbaum, Elias
      Physical Review Letters (1997), 79 (17), 3294-3297CODEN: PRLTAO; ISSN:0031-9007. (American Physical Society)
      Two-dimensional vectorial arrays of functional Photosystem I reaction centers have been prepd. on atomically flat derivatized gold surfaces. The nature and extent of orientation were controlled by chem. modification of the surface deriv. For mercaptoacetic acid, 83 of the electron transport vectors were parallel to the surface, whereas with 2-mercaptoethanol 70 were oriented perpendicularly in the "up" position and only 2 were in the "down" position. No preferential orientation was obsd. with 2-dimethylaminoethanethiol.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADyaK2sXmvV2rt70%253D&md5=4d9c2307afc49d3cdb36872c7fd0287e
    44. 44
      Faulkner, C. J.; Lees, S.; Ciesielski, P. N.; Cliffel, D. E.; Jennings, G. K. Rapid Assembly of Photosystem I Monolayers on Gold Electrodes. Langmuir 2008, 24, 8409– 8412,  DOI: 10.1021/la800670b
      44
      Rapid Assembly of Photosystem I Monolayers on Gold Electrodes
      Faulkner, Christopher J.; Lees, Susan; Ciesielski, Peter N.; Cliffel, David E.; Jennings, G. Kane
      Langmuir (2008), 24 (16), 8409-8412CODEN: LANGD5; ISSN:0743-7463. (American Chemical Society)
      Photosystem I (PSI) has drawn widespread interest for use in biomimetically inspired energy conversion devices upon extg. it from plants or cyanobacteria and assembling it at surfaces. Here, we demonstrate that a critically dense monolayer of spinach-derived PSI must be formed on an electrode surface to achieve optimal photocurrents, and we introduce a new method for prepg. these dense PSI monolayers that reduces the time required for assembly by ∼80-fold in comparison to that for adsorption from soln. This method consists of applying a vacuum above the aq. PSI soln. during assembly to conc. PSI and ppt. it into a thick layer onto the surface of various self-assembled monolayers or directly onto the electrode surface. Rinsing with water yields a dense monolayer of PSI that draws ∼100 nA/cm of light-induced current from the gold electrode in the presence of appropriate mediators.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1cXos1ahtr8%253D&md5=8a4e1f81b64db8fc401089debdf8c6cf
    45. 45
      Rippka, R.; Stanier, R. Y.; Deruelles, J.; Herdman, M.; Waterbury, J. B. Generic Assignments, Strain Histories and Properties of Pure Cultures of Cyanobacteria. Microbiology 1979, 111, 1– 61,  DOI: 10.1099/00221287-111-1-1
      There is no corresponding record for this reference.
    46. 46
      Mukherjee, D.; May, M.; Vaughn, M.; Bruce, B. D.; Khomami, B. Controlling the Morphology of Photosystem I Assembly on Thiol-Activated Au Substrates. Langmuir 2010, 26, 16048– 16054,  DOI: 10.1021/la102832x
      46
      Controlling the Morphology of Photosystem I Assembly on Thiol-Activated Au Substrates
      Mukherjee, Dibyendu; May, Mark; Vaughn, Michael; Bruce, Barry D.; Khomami, Bamin
      Langmuir (2010), 26 (20), 16048-16054CODEN: LANGD5; ISSN:0743-7463. (American Chemical Society)
      Morphol. variations of Photosystem I (PS I) assembly on hydroxyl-terminated alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayer (SAM)/Au substrates with various deposition techniques is presented. Our studies indicate that deposition conditions such as PS I concn. and driving force play a central role in detg. organization of immobilized PS I on thiol-activated Au surfaces. Specifically, at. force microscopy (AFM) and ellipsometry analyses indicate that gravity-driven deposition from concd. PS I solns. results in a large no. of columnar PS I aggregates, which assemble perpendicular to the Au surface. PS I deposition yields much more uniform layers when deposited at lower concns., suggesting preassembly of the aggregate formation in the soln. phase. Moreover, in elec.-field assisted deposition at high field strengths, columnar self-assembly is largely prevented, thereby allowing a uniform, monolayer-like deposition even at very high PS I concns. In situ dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies of soln.-phase aggregation dynamics of PS I suspensions in both the presence and absence of an applied elec. field support these observations and clearly demonstrate that the externally imposed elec. field effectively fragments large PS I aggregates in the soln. phase, thereby permitting a uniform deposition of PS I trimers on SAM/Au substrates.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3cXhtFKlu7bN&md5=a3ae7031c54effac2215ebe5d7c20de3
    47. 47
      So, J.; Dickey, M. Inherently Aligned Microfluidic Electrodes Composed of Liquid Metal. Lab Chip 2011, 11, 905– 911,  DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00501k
      47
      Inherently aligned microfluidic electrodes composed of liquid metal
      So, Ju-Hee; Dickey, Michael D.
      Lab on a Chip (2011), 11 (5), 905-911CODEN: LCAHAM; ISSN:1473-0197. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
      This paper describes the fabrication and characterization of microelectrodes that are inherently aligned with microfluidic channels and in direct contact with the fluid in the channels. Injecting low m.p. alloys, such as eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn), into microchannels at room temp. (or just above room temp.) offers a simple way to fabricate microelectrodes. The channels that define the shape and position of the microelectrodes are fabricated simultaneously with other microfluidic channels (i.e., those used to manipulate fluids) in a single step; consequently, all of the components are inherently aligned. In contrast, conventional techniques require multiple fabrication steps and registration (i.e., alignment of the electrodes with the microfluidic channels), which are tech. challenging. The distinguishing characteristic of this work is that the electrodes are in direct contact with the fluid in the microfluidic channel, which is useful for a no. of applications such as electrophoresis. Periodic posts between the microelectrodes and the microfluidic channel prevent the liq. metal from entering the microfluidic channel during injection. A thin oxide skin that forms rapidly and spontaneously on the surface of the metal stabilizes mech. the otherwise low viscosity, high surface tension fluid within the channel. Moreover, the injected electrodes vertically span the sidewalls of the channel, which allows for the application of uniform elec. field lines throughout the height of the channel and perpendicular to the direction of flow. The electrodes are mech. stable over operating conditions commonly used in microfluidic applications; the mech. stability depends on the magnitude of the applied bias, the nature of the bias (d.c. vs. a.c.), and the cond. of the solns. in the microfluidic channel. Electrodes formed using alloys with m.ps. above room temp. ensure mech. stability over all of the conditions explored. As a demonstration of their utility, the fluidic electrodes are used for electrohydrodynamic mixing, which requires extremely high elec. fields (∼105 V m-1).
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3MXitVWguro%253D&md5=015e5539a6ce123df27e51ac3a4d9963
    48. 48
      Dickey, M.; Weiss, E.; Smythe, E.; Chiechi, R.; Capasso, F.; Whitesides, G. Fabrication of Arrays of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanotubes by Shadow Evaporation. ACS Nano 2008, 2, 800– 808,  DOI: 10.1021/nn800036r
      48
      Fabrication of Arrays of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanotubes by Shadow Evaporation
      Dickey, Michael D.; Weiss, Emily A.; Smythe, Elizabeth J.; Chiechi, Ryan C.; Capasso, Federico; Whitesides, George M.
      ACS Nano (2008), 2 (4), 800-808CODEN: ANCAC3; ISSN:1936-0851. (American Chemical Society)
      This paper describes a simple technique for fabricating uniform arrays of metal and metal oxide nanotubes with controlled heights and diams. The technique involves depositing material onto an anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane template using a collimated electron beam evapn. source. The evapg. material enters the porous openings of the AAO membrane and deposits onto the walls of the pores. The membrane is tilted with respect to the column of evapg. material, so the shadows cast by the openings of the pores onto the inside walls of the pores define the geometry of the tubes. Rotation of the membrane during evapn. ensures uniform deposition inside the pores. After evapn., dissoln. of the AAO in base easily removes the template to yield an array of nanotubes connected by a thin backing of the same metal or metal oxide. The diam. of the pores dictates the diam. of the tubes, and the incident angle of evapn. dets. the height of the tubes. Tubes up to ∼1.5 μm in height and 20-200 nm in diam. were fabricated. This method is adaptable to any material that can be vapor-deposited, including indium-tin oxide (ITO), a conductive, transparent material that is useful for many optoelectronic applications. An array of gold nanotubes produced by this technique served as a substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: the Raman signal (per mol.) from a monolayer of benzenethiolate was a factor of ∼5 × 105 greater than that obtained using bulk liq. benzenethiol.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1cXjs1Gjt7g%253D&md5=f1877a0ea92cfe41ca508f4debfd282e
    49. 49
      Petrova, A.; Mamedov, M.; Ivanov, B.; Semenov, A.; Kozuleva, M. Effect of Artificial Redox Mediators on the Photoinduced Oxygen Reduction by Photosystem I Complexes. Photosynth. Res. 2018, 137, 421– 429,  DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0514-z
      49
      Effect of artificial redox mediators on the photoinduced oxygen reduction by photosystem I complexes
      Petrova, Anastasia; Mamedov, Mahir; Ivanov, Boris; Semenov, Alexey; Kozuleva, Marina
      Photosynthesis Research (2018), 137 (3), 421-429CODEN: PHRSDI; ISSN:0166-8595. (Springer)
      The peculiarities of interaction of cyanobacterial photosystem I with redox mediators 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) and N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) were investigated. The higher donor efficiency of the reduced DCPIP form was demonstrated. The oxidized form of DCPIP was shown to be an efficient electron acceptor for terminal iron-sulfur cluster of photosystem I. Likewise Me viologen, after one-electron redn., DCPIP transfers an electron to the mol. oxygen. These results were discussed in terms of influence of these interactions on photosystem I reactions with the mol. oxygen and natural electron acceptors.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXpsFyhsb4%253D&md5=b035bd051506a6b479457382c4984729
    50. 50
      Santiago, A. R. P.; Fernandez-Delgado, O.; Gomez, A.; Ahsan, M. A.; Echegoyen, L. Fullerenes as Key Components for Low-Dimensional (Photo)electrocatalytic Nanohybrid Materials. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2021, 133, 124– 143,  DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009449
      There is no corresponding record for this reference.
    51. 51
      Pan, Y.; Liu, X.; Zhang, W.; Liu, Z.; Zeng, G.; Shao, B.; Liang, Q.; He, Q.; Yuan, X.; Huang, D.; Chen, M. Advances in photocatalysis based on fullerene C60 and its derivatives: Properties, mechanism, synthesis, and applications. Appl. Catal., B 2020, 265, 118579  DOI: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.118579
      51
      Advances in photocatalysis based on fullerene C60 and its derivatives: properties, mechanism, synthesis, and applications
      Pan, Yuan; Liu, Xiaojuan; Zhang, Wei; Liu, Zhifeng; Zeng, Guangming; Shao, Binbin; Liang, Qinghua; He, Qingyun; Yuan, Xingzhong; Huang, Danlian; Chen, Ming
      Applied Catalysis, B: Environmental (2020), 265 (), 118579CODEN: ACBEE3; ISSN:0926-3373. (Elsevier B.V.)
      A review. Fullerenes possess high chem. stability, large sp. surface area, good elec. cond. and unique three-dimensional structure. In this paper, we provide a general overview of the latest research results of fullerene-based photocatalysts. Firstly, the current status of semiconductor materials and fullerenes in photocatalytic applications are briefly introduced. Secondly, introduced action mechanisms of photocatalysts modified by fullerene C60 and its derivs., including basic structure, exclusive properties and its effect in photocatalysis and material prepn. process. Thirdly, factors affecting material effectiveness and the synthesis strategy of composite photocatalyst modified by fullerene are introduced. Meanwhile, the application advances of the photocatalysts are introduced, including in the degrdn. of pollutants, org. synthesis, hydrogen prodn., antibacterial and disinfection in water. Finally, the development trends of fullerenes and their derivs. in photocatalysis are also summarized, including theor. calcns., the morphol. structure control, stable derivs. and increase the selectivity, and new other types of fullerene materials.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXps1Ggsg%253D%253D&md5=75b21ab17dd3c4144e1a9257d975a07d
    52. 52
      Blom, P.; Mihailetchi, V.; Koster, L.; Markov, D. Device Physics of Polymer:Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells. Adv. Mater. 2007, 19, 1551– 1566,  DOI: 10.1002/adma.200601093
      52
      Device physics of polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells
      Blom, Paul W. M.; Mihailetchi, Valentin D.; Koster, L. Jan Anton; Markov, Denis E.
      Advanced Materials (Weinheim, Germany) (2007), 19 (12), 1551-1566CODEN: ADVMEW; ISSN:0935-9648. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)
      A review of processes and limitations that govern device operation of polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells, with respect to the charge-carrier transport and photogeneration mechanism. The transport of electrons/holes in the blend is a crucial parameter and must be controlled (e.g., by controlling the nanoscale morphol.) and enhanced in order to allow fabrication of thicker films to maximize the absorption, without significant recombination losses. Concomitantly, a balanced transport of electrons and holes in the blend is needed to suppress the build-up of the space charge that will significantly reduce the power conversion efficiency. Dissocn. of electron-hole pairs at the donor/acceptor interface is an important process that limits the charge generation efficiency under normal operation condition. Based on these findings, there is a compromise between charge generation (light absorption) and open-circuit voltage when attempting to reduce the bandgap of the polymer (or fullerene). Therefore, an increase in open-circuit voltage of polymer:fullerene solar cells, for example by raising the LUMO level of the fullerene, will benefit cell performance as both fill factor and short-circuit current increase simultaneously.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2sXnsVagsL4%253D&md5=6b0fb9c0d385111ca70c49679eccad55
    53. 53
      Li, S.; Lei, M.; Lv, M.; Watkins, S. E.; Tan, Z.; Zhu, J.; Hou, J.; Chen, X.; Li, Y. [6, 6]-Phenyl-C61-Butyric Acid Dimethylamino Ester as a Cathode Buffer Layer for High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells. Adv. Energy Mater. 2013, 3, 1569– 1574,  DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201300425
      53
      [6,6]-Phenyl-C61-Butyric Acid Dimethylamino Ester as a Cathode Buffer Layer for High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells
      Li, Shusheng; Lei, Ming; Lv, Menglan; Watkins, Scott E.; Tan, Zhan'ao; Zhu, Jin; Hou, Jianhui; Chen, Xiwen; Li, Yongfang
      Advanced Energy Materials (2013), 3 (12), 1569-1574CODEN: ADEMBC; ISSN:1614-6840. (Wiley-Blackwell)
      This paper discusses the [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid dimethylamino ester as cathode buffer layer for high-performance polymer solar cells. Fullerene derivs. could be ideal cathode buffer layer materials in considering their n-type semiconductor character, higher electron mobility, and the good energy level matching with the fullerene acceptors (such as [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid Me ester (PCBM)) used in the active layer of the PSCs were discussed.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXhvV2itbrI&md5=b66a11b89684116042cdb0aa25a4c5bb
    54. 54
      Tel-Vered, R.; Willner, I. Photo-Bioelectrochemical Cells for Energy Conversion, Sensing, and Optoelectronic Applications. ChemElectroChem 2014, 1, 1778– 1797,  DOI: 10.1002/celc.201402133
      54
      Photo-bioelectrochemical Cells for Energy Conversion, Sensing, and Optoelectronic Applications
      Tel-Vered, Ran; Willner, Itamar
      ChemElectroChem (2014), 1 (11), 1778-1797CODEN: CHEMRA; ISSN:2196-0216. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)
      The native photosynthetic reaction centers photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) act as functional nanostructures for the assembly of photo-biofuel cells. By elec. wiring of PSI and/or PSII with electrodes, the conversion of light energy into elec. power has been demonstrated. Different methodologies to elec. contact the photosystems with the electrodes have been developed, including the reconstitution of the photosystems on relay units, the application of redox-active polymers as charge-transport matrixes, and the use of metallic nanoparticles or nanoclusters as electron-transfer relays. Elec. contact of the photosystems with the electrodes facilitates charge sepn. of the redox intermediates generated upon illumination of the assemblies, thus retarding destructive back electron-transfer reactions and enhancing the conversion of light energy into elec. power. Recent advances to fabricate elec. wired PSI and/or PSII electrodes are surveyed, and different approaches to assemble photo-bioelectrochem. cells are discussed. The limitations and future perspectives of the systems will also be presented.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXhvVylsbfF&md5=47a6e29da1eaabc6cb1886f07dc37e5a
    55. 55
      Tsarev, S.; Dubinina, T. S.; Luchkin, S. Y.; Zhidkov, I. S.; Kurmaev, E. Z.; Stevenson, K. J.; Troshin, P. A. Phenyl-C61-butyric Acid as an Interface Passivation Layer for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. J. Phys. Chem. C 2020, 124, 1872– 1877,  DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b10709
      55
      Phenyl-C61-butyric Acid as an Interface Passivation Layer for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
      Tsarev, Sergey; Dubinina, Tatiana S.; Luchkin, Sergey Yu.; Zhidkov, Ivan S.; Kurmaev, Ernst Z.; Stevenson, Keith J.; Troshin, Pavel A.
      Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2020), 124 (3), 1872-1877CODEN: JPCCCK; ISSN:1932-7447. (American Chemical Society)
      Here, phenyl-C61-butyric acid (PCBA) is presented as a generic passivation coating for metal oxide electron transport layers used in planar n-i-p configuration of perovskite solar cells. PCBA shows better adhesion to Sn and Zn oxides due to strong acid-base interactions as compared to the conventionally used phenyl-C61-butyric acid Me ether (PCBM). Therefore, depositing a compact PCBA passivation coating can be achieved in a much more economical way using 100 times less concd. precursor soln. PCBA coating delivers higher power conversion efficiencies (up to 20.3%) as compared to the pristine oxide layers with or without PCBM coating. Finally, the fabricated solar cells using PCBA coating are more stable in comparison with the ref. cells with conventional PCBM passivation and preserved ∼70% of the initial efficiency after 1500 h of continuous 30 mW/cm2 white light illumination at 50°.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXpvFI%253D&md5=85fb3a694907c4f99716cfa01559d185
    56. 56
      Mishra, A.; Bäuerle, P. Small Molecule Organic Semiconductors on the Move: Promises for Future Solar Energy Technology. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 2020– 2067,  DOI: 10.1002/anie.201102326
      56
      Small Molecule Organic Semiconductors on the Move: Promises for Future Solar Energy Technology
      Mishra, Amaresh; Baeuerle, Peter
      Angewandte Chemie, International Edition (2012), 51 (9), 2020-2067CODEN: ACIEF5; ISSN:1433-7851. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)
      A review. This article, written from an org. chemist's point of view, provides an up-to-date overview of org. solar cells based on small mols. or oligomers as absorbers and describes devices that incorporate planar-heterojunctions and bulk heterojunctions between a donor (p-type semiconductor) and an acceptor (n-type semiconductor) material. The article pays particular attention to the design and development of mol. materials and their performance in corresponding devices. In recent years, a substantial amt. of both, academic and industrial research, has been directed towards org. solar cells, in an effort to develop new materials and to improve their tunability, processability, power conversion efficiency, and stability. On the eve of commercialization of org. solar cells, this review provides an overview of efficiencies attained with small mols./oligomers in org. solar cells and summarizes materials and device concepts developed over the last decade. Approaches to enhancing the efficiency of org. solar cells are analyzed.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC38Xitlygs7g%253D&md5=3bd032ed84f6c2a11c7f6d8efb770901
    57. 57
      Nelson, J. Polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells. Mater. Today 2011, 14, 462– 470,  DOI: 10.1016/S1369-7021(11)70210-3
      57
      Polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells
      Nelson, Jenny
      Materials Today (Oxford, United Kingdom) (2011), 14 (10), 462-470CODEN: MTOUAN; ISSN:1369-7021. (Elsevier Ltd.)
      A review. The efficiency of solar cells made from a conjugated polymer blended with a fullerene deriv. has risen from around 1 % to over 9 % in the last ten years, making org. photovoltaic technol. a viable contender for commercialization. The efficiency increases have resulted from the development of new materials with lower optical gaps, new polymer:fullerene combinations with higher charge sepd. state energies, and new approaches to control the blend microstructure, all driven by a qual. understanding of the principles governing org. solar cell operation. In parallel, a device physics framework has been developed that enables the rational design of device structures and materials for improved org. photovoltaic devices. We review developments in both materials science and device physics for org. photovoltaics.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3MXht1CqurfJ&md5=9fa4d2f695ac9261d624b7ed5a5d23e7
    58. 58
      Nakanishi, W.; Minami, K.; Shrestha, L. K.; Ji, Q.; Hill, J. P.; Ariga, K. Bioactive nanocarbon assemblies: Nanoarchitectonics and applications. Nano Today 2014, 9, 378– 394,  DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2014.05.002
      58
      Bioactive nanocarbon assemblies: Nanoarchitectonics and applications
      Nakanishi, Waka; Minami, Kosuke; Shrestha, Lok Kumar; Ji, Qingmin; Hill, Jonathan P.; Ariga, Katsuhiko
      Nano Today (2014), 9 (3), 378-394CODEN: NTAOCG; ISSN:1748-0132. (Elsevier Ltd.)
      A review. Graphene, carbon nanotubes, and fullerene are representative nanocarbons which have zero, one, or two dimensional structures, resp. These nanocarbons can be used as building blocks for construction of higher dimensional or complex materials by nanoarchitectonics; a technol. used to control nanoscale structures and spaces. By combination with other materials and/or devices, nanoarchitectures of nanocarbons can be formed into structures of different dimensions and properties for biol. applications. In this review, biol. applications, esp. cell growth, sensing, and control using nanoarchitectures of nanocarbons are summarized.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXhtVanurvF&md5=09e65b89b9e27c5f8dcd8e46ce278b71
    59. 59
      Yan, J.; Saunders, B. R. Third-generation solar cells: a review and comparison of polymer: fullerene, hybrid polymer and perovskite solar cells. RSC Adv. 2014, 4, 43286– 43314,  DOI: 10.1039/C4RA07064J
      59
      Third-generation solar cells: a review and comparison of polymer:fullerene, hybrid polymer and perovskite solar cells
      Yan, Junfeng; Saunders, Brian R.
      RSC Advances (2014), 4 (82), 43286-43314CODEN: RSCACL; ISSN:2046-2069. (Royal Society of Chemistry)
      A review. The need for large scale low carbon solar electricity prodn. has become increasingly urgent for reasons of energy security and climate change mitigation. Third-generation solar cells (SCs) are soln. processed SCs based on semiconducting org. macromols., inorg. nanoparticles or hybrids. This review considers and compares three types of promising 3rd-generation SCs: polymer:fullerene, hybrid polymer and perovskite SCs. The review considers work reported since an earlier review and highlights the great progress that has been made in each area. We consider the operation principles for each SC type and also review the state-of-the-art devices. The polymer:fullerene and hybrid polymer SC open circuit voltages are compared to values predicted from the well-known Scharber equation and similarities and differences discussed. The perovskite SCs are also considered and their remarkable rate of power conversion efficiency performance increase is discussed. The review considers the requirements for large-scale deployment in the contexts of semiconducting polymer and hole transport matrix synthesis and materials selection. It is concluded that the 3rd-generation SC technologies discussed here are well placed for major contribution to large scale energy prodn. (This has already been partially demonstrated for polymer:fullerene SCs.) Looking further ahead we propose that several of the 3rd-generation SCs considered here have excellent potential to provide the low cost large-scale deployment needed to meet the terawatt challenge for solar electricity generation.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXhsVaksLnI&md5=f530f372f95b219d27535c41923d47f9
    60. 60
      Shi, X.-Q.; Hove, M. A. V.; Zhang, R.-Q. Survey of Structural and Electronic Properties of C60 on Close-Packed Metal Surfaces. J. Mater. Sci. 2012, 47, 7341– 7355,  DOI: 10.1007/s10853-012-6361-y
      60
      Survey of structural and electronic properties of C60 on close-packed metal surfaces
      Shi, Xing-Qiang; Van Hove, Michel A.; Zhang, Rui-Qin
      Journal of Materials Science (2012), 47 (21), 7341-7355CODEN: JMTSAS; ISSN:0022-2461. (Springer)
      A review. The adsorption of buckminsterfullerene (C60) on metal surfaces has been investigated extensively for its unique geometric and electronic properties. The two-dimensional systems formed on surfaces allow studying in detail the interplay between bonding and electronic structures. Recent studies reveal that C60 adsorption induces reconstruction of even the less-reactive close-packed metal surfaces. First-principles computations enable access to this important issue by providing not only detailed at. structure but also electronic properties of the substrate-adsorbate interaction, which can be compared with various exptl. techniques to det. and understand the interface structures. This review discusses in detail the ordered phases of C60 monolayers on metal surfaces and the surface reconstruction induced by C60 adsorption, with an emphasis on the different types of reconstruction resulting on close-packed metal surfaces. We show that the symmetry matching between C60 mols. and metal surfaces dets. the local adsorption configurations, while the size matching between C60 mols. and the metal surface lattice dets. the supercell sizes and shapes; importantly and uniquely for C60, the no. of surface metal atoms within one supercell dets. the different types of reconstruction that can occur. The at. structure at the mol.-metal interface is of crucial importance for the monolayer's electronic and transport properties: these will also be discussed for the well-defined adsorption structures, esp. from the perspective of tuning the electronic structure via C60-metal interface reconstruction and via relative inter-C60 orientations.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC38XjtlSmtrw%253D&md5=cc42578f06ead6410e32c30ab2137517
    61. 61
      Cho, N.-K.; Na, H.-J.; Yoo, J.; Kim, Y. S. Long-term stability in γ-CsPbI3 perovskite via an ultraviolet-curable polymer network. Commun. Mater. 2021, 2, 30  DOI: 10.1038/s43246-021-00134-1
      There is no corresponding record for this reference.
    62. 62
      Suresh, L.; Vaghasiya, J. V.; Nandakumar, D. K.; Wu, T.; Jones, M. R.; Tan, S. C. High-Performance UV Enhancer Molecules Coupled with Photosynthetic Proteins for Ultra-Low-Intensity UV Detection. Chem 2019, 5, 1847– 1860,  DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.04.017
      62
      High-Performance UV Enhancer Molecules Coupled with Photosynthetic Proteins for Ultra-Low-Intensity UV Detection
      Suresh, Lakshmi; Vaghasiya, Jayraj V.; Nandakumar, Dilip Krishna; Wu, Tingfeng; Jones, Michael R.; Tan, Swee Ching
      Chem (2019), 5 (7), 1847-1860CODEN: CHEMVE; ISSN:2451-9294. (Cell Press)
      Dual attributes of UV-photo-responsive org.-ionic conductors are exploited in bio-photoelectrochem. cells based on photosynthetic RC-LH1 proteins from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. These UV enhancer mols. (UVEM) can generate small photocurrents in the absence of protein and are also effective electrolytes for photocurrent generation by RC-LH1 complexes in response to near-IR excitation. Mixing RC-LH1 and UVEM components strongly enhanced UV photocurrents relative to those obtained with protein or UVEM alone, an effect that is attributed to energy transfer from the hetero-anthracene chromophore of the UVEM to the carotenoids of the RC-LH1 complex. RC-LH1/UVEM bio-photoelectrochem. cells were superior to conventional RC-LH1 cells in terms of UV external quantum efficiency, photo-response sensitivity, and photocurrent rise-decay times. These bio-photodetectors could detect weak UV radiation with intensities as low as 2μW/cm2. This combination of photosynthetic proteins with dual-function electrolytes is the first attempt to construct fully functional bio-photoelectrochem. UV photodetector based on natural components.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1MXhsVGrtLnO&md5=4aefff589dac1b94ceb57961c9365e51
    63. 63
      Long, S. P.; Humphries, S.; Falkowski, P. G. Photoinhibition of Photosynthesis in Nature. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 1994, 45, 633– 662,  DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pp.45.060194.003221
      63
      Photoinhibition of photosynthesis in nature
      Long, S. P.; Humphries, S.; Falkowski, P. G.
      Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology (1994), 45 (), 633-62CODEN: ARPBEX; ISSN:1040-2519.
      A review with 142 refs., discussing photosystem II inactivation, avoidance of PS II damage, photoinhibition in the filed and open ocean, terrestrial vegetation, phytoplankton, significance to prodn., and photoinhibition and plant distributions.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADyaK2cXlt12rsLg%253D&md5=cdd440abee71cf2efb92cba109c07d99
    64. 64
      Allahverdiyeva, Y.; Aro, E.-M. Photosynthesis; Springer: Netherlands, 2011; pp 275– 297.
      There is no corresponding record for this reference.
    65. 65
      Paul, N.; Suresh, L.; Vaghasiya, J. V.; Yang, L.; Zhang, Y.; Nandakumar, D. K.; Jones, M. R.; Tan, S. C. Self-powered all weather sensory systems powered by Rhodobacter sphaeroides protein solar cells. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2020, 165, 112423  DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112423
      65
      Self-powered all weather sensory systems powered by Rhodobacter sphaeroides protein solar cells
      Paul, Nikita; Suresh, Lakshmi; Vaghasiya, Jayraj V.; Yang, Lin; Zhang, Yaoxin; Nandakumar, Dilip Krishna; Jones, Michael R.; Tan, Swee Ching
      Biosensors & Bioelectronics (2020), 165 (), 112423CODEN: BBIOE4; ISSN:0956-5663. (Elsevier B.V.)
      Natural photosynthetic proteins can convert solar energy into elec. energy with close to 100% quantum efficiency, and there is increasing interest in their use for sustainable photoelectrochem. devices. The primary processes of photosynthesis remain operational and efficient down to extremely low temps., and natural photosystems exhibit a variety of self-healing mechanisms. Herein we demonstrate the use of an amphiphilic triblock copolymer, Pluronic F127, to fabricate a self-healing photosynthetic protein photoelectrochem. cell that operates optimally at sub-zero temps. A concn. of 30% (wt./wt.) Pluronic F127 depressed the f.p. of an electrolyte comprising 50 mM ubiquinone-0 in aq. buffer such that optimal device solar energy conversion was seen at -12°C rather than at room temp. Multiple bending cycles caused a marked deterioration of the photocurrent response to around a third of initial levels due to damage to the gel phase of the electrolyte, but this could be restored to ~ 95% by simply cooling and rewarming the device. This self-recoverability of the electrolyte extended the operational life of the protein cell through a process that increased its photoelectrochem. output during the repair. Utility of the cells as components of a touch sensor operational across a wide temp. range, including freezing conditions, is demonstrated.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXhsVCksbbL&md5=68b60a6ae03e527ee5ff7bae51563fe6
    66. 66
      Liu, J.; Friebe, V. M.; Frese, R. N.; Jones, M. R. Polychromatic solar energy conversion in pigment-protein chimeras that unite the two kingdoms of (bacterio)chlorophyll-based photosynthesis. Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 1542  DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15321-w
      66
      Polychromatic solar energy conversion in pigment-protein chimeras that unite the two kingdoms of (bacterio)chlorophyll-based photosynthesis
      Liu, Juntai; Friebe, Vincent M.; Frese, Raoul N.; Jones, Michael R.
      Nature Communications (2020), 11 (1), 1542CODEN: NCAOBW; ISSN:2041-1723. (Nature Research)
      Natural photosynthesis can be divided between the chlorophyll-contg. plants, algae and cyanobacteria that make up the oxygenic phototrophs and a diversity of bacteriochlorophyll-contg. bacteria that make up the anoxygenic phototrophs. Photosynthetic light harvesting and reaction center proteins from both kingdoms have been exploited for solar energy conversion, solar fuel synthesis and sensing technologies, but the energy harvesting abilities of these devices are limited by each protein's individual palette of pigments. In this work we demonstrate a range of genetically-encoded, self-assembling photosystems in which recombinant plant light harvesting complexes are covalently locked with reaction centers from a purple photosynthetic bacterium, producing macromol. chimeras that display mechanisms of polychromatic solar energy harvesting and conversion. Our findings illustrate the power of a synthetic biol. approach in which bottom-up construction of photosystems using naturally diverse but mechanistically complementary components can be achieved in a predictable fashion through the encoding of adaptable, plug-and-play covalent interfaces.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXlvFGnsLg%253D&md5=ee3b293e4d1ac27bf9c2f600476d123e
    67. 67
      Molamohammadi, S.; Jalili, Y. S.; Riazi, G. Photosystem I application in biohybrid polymer solar cells. AIP Adv. 2018, 8, 095319  DOI: 10.1063/1.5030777
      67
      Photosystem I application in biohybrid polymer solar cells
      Molamohammadi, Shahriar; Seyed Jalili, Yousef; Riazi, Gholamhossein
      AIP Advances (2018), 8 (9), 095319/1-095319/8CODEN: AAIDBI; ISSN:2158-3226. (American Institute of Physics)
      The use of Bio-photonic systems has attracted a lot of attention recently specially in the field of solar energy conversion and photovoltaic materials the use of photosynthetic organs of plants is very promising. The energy conversion in the process of photosynthesis is close to 100% and it's environmental compatibly are the main reasons for why photosynthesis has attracted the attention of energy system designers and researchers. The way of solar energy conversion in photosynthesis indicates a great potential as a fount of renewable energy. Use of the photosynthetic components in photosensors and photovoltaic devices solitarily, has disadvantages such as low extd. current compared to other kinds of photovoltaic materials. Accordingly, for more useful and better application, these photosynthetic components could be used as the optimizer of the other species of photovoltaic materials and solar cells. photosystem1 protein complex, which is the main member of photosynthetic components has max. absorption spectrum wavelength at 430nm and 665nm. Therefore, it can be an appropriate complement for polymeric solar cells with their absorption spectrum at the green wavelength region. In this paper we have used the photosystem1 protein complex in the inverted polymer solar cell with structure of ITO/P3HT:ICBA/PS1/Al and pos. results have been obsd. So that the polymer solar cells efficiency was enhanced from 4.3% to 4.53%. (c) 2018 American Institute of Physics.
      >> More from SciFinder ®
      https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1cXhvVSisb%252FN&md5=bfcc21784a42f9c6bdbf721e984658d7

  • Supporting Information

    Supporting Information

    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01542.

    • Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of PCBA/PSI and IQAc-PSI, multiday current density, and output power measurements of PCBA/PSI and IQAc-PSI PV devices; comparative photochronoamperometric measurements of PCBA/PSI devices, stability of BPV devices under continuous illumination, UV–vis absorbance spectra of PCBA/PSI devices, longevity study of PCBA/PSI and IQAc-PSI BPV devices in the dark and under illumination; and control measurements (PDF)


    Terms & Conditions

    Most electronic Supporting Information files are available without a subscription to ACS Web Editions. Such files may be downloaded by article for research use (if there is a public use license linked to the relevant article, that license may permit other uses). Permission may be obtained from ACS for other uses through requests via the RightsLink permission system: http://pubs.acs.org/page/copyright/permissions.html.