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Bright Mid-Wave Infrared Resonant-Cavity Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Black Phosphorus
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    Bright Mid-Wave Infrared Resonant-Cavity Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Black Phosphorus
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    • Niharika Gupta
      Niharika Gupta
      Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
      Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
    • Hyungjin Kim
      Hyungjin Kim
      Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
      Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
      More by Hyungjin Kim
    • Nima Sefidmooye Azar
      Nima Sefidmooye Azar
      Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
      Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
    • Shiekh Zia Uddin
      Shiekh Zia Uddin
      Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
      Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
    • Der-Hsien Lien
      Der-Hsien Lien
      Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
      Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
    • Kenneth B. Crozier
      Kenneth B. Crozier
      Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
      Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
      School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
    • Ali Javey*
      Ali Javey
      Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
      Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
      *E-mail: [email protected]
      More by Ali Javey
    Other Access OptionsSupporting Information (1)

    Nano Letters

    Cite this: Nano Lett. 2022, 22, 3, 1294–1301
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04557
    Published January 24, 2022
    Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society

    Abstract

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    The mid-wave infrared (MWIR) wavelength range plays a central role in a variety of applications, including optical gas sensing, industrial process control, spectroscopy, and infrared (IR) countermeasures. Among the MWIR light sources, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have the advantages of simple design, room-temperature operation, and low cost. Owing to the low Auger recombination at high carrier densities and direct bandgap of black phosphorus (bP), it can serve as a high quantum efficiency emitting layer in LEDs. In this work, we demonstrate bP-LEDs exhibiting high external quantum efficiencies and wall-plug efficiencies of up to 4.43 and 1.78%, respectively. This is achieved by integrating the device with an Al2O3/Au optical cavity, which enhances the emission efficiency, and a thin transparent conducing oxide [indium tin oxide (ITO)] layer, which reduces the parasitic resistance, both resulting in order of magnitude improvements to performance.

    Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04557.

    • Fabrication of bP-LED (section S1), Raman spectroscopy (section S2), device electrical and optical measurements (section S3), polarized electroluminescence (section S4), optical simulation setup (section S5), effect of bP thickness on the optical power (section S6), ITO refractive index estimation (section S7), series resistance calculation (section S8), and calibration of the output power (section S9) (PDF)

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    Cited By

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    This article is cited by 9 publications.

    1. Naoki Higashitarumizu, Shu Wang, Shifan Wang, Hyungjin Kim, James Bullock, Ali Javey. Black Phosphorus for Mid-Infrared Optoelectronics: Photophysics, Scalable Processing, and Device Applications. Nano Letters 2024, 24 (42) , 13107-13117. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c04027
    2. Lihao Ai, Junrong Zhang, Cheng Chen, Quanlong Zhang, Xiangyi Wang, Xiaoran Wang, Luyi Huang, Meng Xia, Anlian Pan, Linjun Wang, Kai Zhang, Junyong Wang. Mid-Infrared Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Black Phosphorus with Asymmetric Electrodes. ACS Applied Electronic Materials 2024, 6 (5) , 3820-3826. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c00426
    3. Shu Wang, Naoki Higashitarumizu, Bengisu Sari, Mary C. Scott, Ali Javey. Quantitative Mid-infrared Photoluminescence Characterization of Black Phosphorus–Arsenic Alloys. ACS Nano 2024, 18 (7) , 5907-5914. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.3c12927
    4. Naoki Higashitarumizu, Shiekh Zia Uddin, Daniel Weinberg, Nima Sefidmooye Azar, I. K. M. Reaz Rahman, Vivian Wang, Kenneth B. Crozier, Eran Rabani, Ali Javey. Anomalous thickness dependence of photoluminescence quantum yield in black phosphorous. Nature Nanotechnology 2023, 596 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-023-01335-0
    5. Kunchan Wang, Zhuoyang He, Xinyue Li, Ke Xu, Qingping Zhou, Xiaowo Ye, Teng Zhang, Shenghao Jiang, Yanming Zhang, Bei Hu, Changxin Chen. Black-phosphorus-based junctions and their optoelectronic device applications. Nano Research 2023, 16 (1) , 1651-1669. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-5008-9
    6. Chunhui Hao, Xiao Fu, Xiaoyong Jiang, Yutong Li, Juyi Sun, Haitao Wu, He Zhu, Qing Li, Yunhai Li, Zhangcheng Huang, Fang Zhong, Ting He, Jinshui Miao, Weida Hu. Greenhouse Gas Detection Based on Infrared Nanophotonic Devices. IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology 2023, 4 , 10-22. https://doi.org/10.1109/OJNANO.2022.3233485
    7. Bejoy Sikder, Suzit Hasan Nayem, Shiekh Zia Uddin. Deep ultraviolet spontaneous emission enhanced by layer dependent black phosphorus plasmonics. Optics Express 2022, 30 (26) , 47152. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.478735
    8. Quanjie Zhong. Intrinsic and engineered properties of black phosphorus. Materials Today Physics 2022, 28 , 100895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtphys.2022.100895
    9. Xiaolong Chen. Black Phosphorus: Mid-Infrared Light-Emitting Properties and Devices. 2022, 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICOCN55511.2022.9901120

    Nano Letters

    Cite this: Nano Lett. 2022, 22, 3, 1294–1301
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04557
    Published January 24, 2022
    Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society

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