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Visible Out-of-plane Polarized Luminescence and Electronic Resonance in Black Phosphorus

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Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:Nano Lett. 2022, 22, 7, 2851-2858
    Letter

    Visible Out-of-plane Polarized Luminescence and Electronic Resonance in Black Phosphorus
    Click to copy article linkArticle link copied!

    • Léonard Schué
      Léonard Schué
      Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
      Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
      More by Léonard Schué
      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5428-9899
    • Félix A. Goudreault
      Félix A. Goudreault
      Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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    • Ariete Righi
      Ariete Righi
      Departamento de Fìsica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30123-970, Brazil
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    • Geovani C. Resende
      Geovani C. Resende
      Departamento de Fìsica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30123-970, Brazil
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    • Valérie Lefebvre
      Valérie Lefebvre
      Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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    • Émile Godbout
      Émile Godbout
      Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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    • Monique Tie
      Monique Tie
      Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
      SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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    • Henrique B. Ribeiro
      Henrique B. Ribeiro
      Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
      SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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    • Tony F. Heinz
      Tony F. Heinz
      Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
      SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1365-9464
    • Marcos A. Pimenta
      Marcos A. Pimenta
      Departamento de Fìsica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30123-970, Brazil
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    • Michel Côté
      Michel Côté
      Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9046-9491
    • Sébastien Francœur*
      Sébastien Francœur
      Département de Génie Physique, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
      *Email: [email protected]
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      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6129-7026
    • Richard Martel*
      Richard Martel
      Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
      *Email: [email protected]
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      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9021-4656
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    Nano Letters

    Cite this: Nano Lett. 2022, 22, 7, 2851–2858
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04998
    Published March 21, 2022
    Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Black phosphorus (BP) is unique among layered materials because of its homonuclear lattice and strong structural anisotropy. While recent investigations on few-layer BP have extensively explored the in-plane (a, c) anisotropy, much less attention has been given to the out-of-plane direction (b). Here, the optical response from bulk BP is probed using polarization-resolved photoluminescence (PL), photoluminescence excitation (PLE), and resonant Raman scattering along the zigzag, out-of-plane, and armchair directions. An unexpected b-polarized luminescence emission is detected in the visible, far above the fundamental gap. PLE indicates that this emission is generated through b-polarized excitation at 2.3 eV. The same electronic resonance is observed in resonant Raman with the enhancement of the Ag phonon modes scattering efficiency. These experimental results are fully consistent with DFT calculations of the permittivity tensor elements and demonstrate the remarkable extent to which the anisotropy influences the optical properties and carrier dynamics in black phosphorus.

    Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04998.

    • Experimental setup, PL spectra under all polarization configurations, comparison of two different BP sources, low-temperature experiments, power dependence of the PL intensity, PL emission stability in air, characterization of the highly oxidized BP surface, Raman spectra under all polarization configurations using 1.96, 2.33, and 2.54 eV excitation energies, Raman spectra recorded along the zigzag and out-of-plane directions using 13 excitation energies from 1.88 to 2.71 eV, comparison of bulk and monolayer BP out-of-plane dielectric tensors, PL spectra recorded using objectives with different numerical apertures, PL spectra of a fresh sample recorded in a glovebox, details of the calculation of refraction indices, and Raman intensity correction factor (PDF)

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    Cited By

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    This article is cited by 1 publications.

    1. Yang Wang, Cheng Chen, Ziming Tang, Huan Lu, Shuiyan Cao, Wei Zhang, Min Yi, Kai Zhang, Yanpeng Liu, Wanlin Guo. Tunable bandgap of black phosphorus by arsenic substitution toward high-performance photodetector. Science China Materials 2023, 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-022-2347-9
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    Nano Letters

    Cite this: Nano Lett. 2022, 22, 7, 2851–2858
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04998
    Published March 21, 2022
    Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society
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