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    Hysteresis-Free Nanoplasmonic Pd–Au Alloy Hydrogen Sensors
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    † Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
    ‡ Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
    *E-mail: [email protected]
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    Nano Letters

    Cite this: Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 5, 3563–3570
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01053
    Published April 27, 2015
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    Abstract

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    The recent market introduction of hydrogen fuel cell cars and the prospect of a hydrogen economy have drastically accelerated the need for safe and accurate detection of hydrogen. In this Letter, we investigate the use of arrays of nanofabricated Pd–Au alloy nanoparticles as plasmonic optical hydrogen sensors. By increasing the amount of Au in the alloy nanoparticles up to 25 atom %, we are able to suppress the hysteresis between hydrogen absorption and desorption, thereby increasing the sensor accuracy to below 5% throughout the investigated 1 mbar to 1 bar hydrogen pressure range. Furthermore, we observe an 8-fold absolute sensitivity enhancement at low hydrogen pressures compared to sensors made of pure Pd, and an improved sensor response time to below one second within the 0–40 mbar pressure range, that is, below the flammability limit, by engineering the nanoparticle size.

    Copyright © 2015 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    Details on the nanofabrication, extinction spectra, complete sets of isotherms, readout parameter analysis for all investigated alloy compositions, and derivation of the sensor accuracy. The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01053.

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    Cite this: Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 5, 3563–3570
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01053
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