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Sequence of Silicon Monolayer Structures Grown on a Ru Surface: from a Herringbone Structure to Silicene

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† Institute of Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory for Nanomaterials and Nanodevices, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
‡ School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
§ Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
∥ Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United State
*E-mail: [email protected] (H.-.J.G.).
*E-mail: [email protected] (S.T.P.).
*E-mail: [email protected] (S.-X.D.).
Cite this: Nano Lett. 2017, 17, 2, 1161–1166
Publication Date (Web):January 18, 2017
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04804
Copyright © 2017 American Chemical Society
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Abstract

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Silicon-based two-dimensional (2D) materials are uniquely suited for integration in Si-based electronics. Silicene, an analogue of graphene, was recently fabricated on several substrates and was used to make a field-effect transistor. Here, we report that when Ru(0001) is used as a substrate, a range of distinct monolayer silicon structures forms, evolving toward silicene with increasing Si coverage. Low Si coverage produces a herringbone structure, a hitherto undiscovered 2D phase of silicon. With increasing Si coverage, herringbone elbows evolve into silicene-like honeycomb stripes under tension, resulting in a herringbone-honeycomb 2D superlattice. At even higher coverage, the honeycomb stripes widen and merge coherently to form silicene in registry with the substrate. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was used to image the structures. The structural stability and electronic properties of the Si 2D structures, the interaction between the Si 2D structures and the Ru substrate, and the evolution of the distinct monolayer Si structures were elucidated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This work paves the way for further investigations of monolayer Si structures, the corresponding growth mechanisms, and possible functionalization by impurities.

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The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04804.

  • Binding energy per Si atom in different Si monolayer structures on Ru(0001) substrate, interatomic energy between two Si atoms in a Si dimer, the stability of Si herringbone on Ru(0001) substrate, the electronic structure of Si herringbones and silicene on Ru(0001) substrate, and the exclusion of several Si–Ru alloy structures (PDF)

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  16. Ruth E. Roman, Steven W. Cranford. Defect sensitivity and Weibull strength analysis of monolayer silicene. Mechanics of Materials 2019, 133 , 13-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2019.01.014
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  18. Li Dong, Aiwei Wang, En Li, Qin Wang, Geng Li, Qing Huan, Hong-Jun Gao. Formation of Two-Dimensional AgTe Monolayer Atomic Crystal on Ag(111) Substrate. Chinese Physics Letters 2019, 36 (2) , 028102. https://doi.org/10.1088/0256-307X/36/2/028102
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  20. R. Topolnicki, R. Kucharczyk. Early stages of growth of Pb, Sn and Ge on Ru(0001): A comparative density functional theory study. Thin Solid Films 2018, 665 , 123-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2018.08.040
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  22. Ze-Bin Wu, Yu-Yang Zhang, Geng Li, Shixuan Du, Hong-Jun Gao. Electronic properties of silicene in BN/silicene van der Waals heterostructures. Chinese Physics B 2018, 27 (7) , 077302. https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/27/7/077302
  23. Mariusz Krawiec. Functionalization of group-14 two-dimensional materials. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 2018, 30 (23) , 233003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648X/aac149
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  25. A. Fleurence. Silicene: When Silicon Mimics Graphene. 2018,,, 318-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409547-2.12920-8
  26. Geng Li, Yu-Yang Zhang, Hui Guo, Li Huang, Hongliang Lu, Xiao Lin, Ye-Liang Wang, Shixuan Du, Hong-Jun Gao. Epitaxial growth and physical properties of 2D materials beyond graphene: from monatomic materials to binary compounds. Chemical Society Reviews 2018, 47 (16) , 6073-6100. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CS00286J
  27. Alessandro Molle, Carlo Grazianetti, Li Tao, Deepyanti Taneja, Md. Hasibul Alam, Deji Akinwande. Silicene, silicene derivatives, and their device applications. Chemical Society Reviews 2018, 47 (16) , 6370-6387. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CS00338F
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  29. Ke Yang, Wei-Qing Huang, Wangyu Hu, Gui-Fang Huang, Shuangchun Wen. Substrate-induced magnetism and topological phase transition in silicene. Nanoscale 2018, 10 (30) , 14667-14677. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NR04570D
  30. Haiping Wu, Yan Qian, Zhengwei Du, Renzhu Zhu, Erjun Kan, Kaiming Deng. Prediction of another semimetallic silicene allotrope with Dirac fermions. Physics Letters A 2017, 381 (44) , 3754-3759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2017.09.049
  31. Jiaqi Zhou, Arnaud Bournel, Yin Wang, Xiaoyang Lin, Yue Zhang, Weisheng Zhao. Silicene spintronics: Fe(111)/silicene system for efficient spin injection. Applied Physics Letters 2017, 111 (18) , 182408. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4999202
  32. Wei Wei, Ying Dai, Baibiao Huang. Hydrogenation of silicene on Ag(111) and formation of half-silicane. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2017, 5 (34) , 18128-18137. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA03791K

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