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Novel Focused Ultrasound Gene Therapy Approach Noninvasively Restores Dopaminergic Neuron Function in a Rat Parkinson’s Disease Model

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    Novel Focused Ultrasound Gene Therapy Approach Noninvasively Restores Dopaminergic Neuron Function in a Rat Parkinson’s Disease Model
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    † †Department of Biomedical Engineering, §Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, ⊥Cardiovascular Division, #Department of Pathology, ∇Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
    ‡ Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
    *Address (R.J.P.): Department of Biomedical Engineering, Box 800759, Health System, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA. Telephone: (434) 924-0020. E-mail: [email protected]
    *Address (J.H.): Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, 6th Floor, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA. Telephone: (443) 287-7921. E-mail: [email protected]
    *Address (J.S.S.): Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Robert H. and Clarice Smith Building, 6029, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA. Telephone: (410) 614-4526. E-mail: [email protected]
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    Cite this: Nano Lett. 2017, 17, 6, 3533–3542
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00616
    Published May 16, 2017
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    Therapies capable of decelerating, or perhaps even halting, neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD) remain elusive. Clinical trials of PD gene therapy testing the delivery of neurotrophic factors, such as the glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), have been largely ineffective due to poor vector distribution throughout the diseased regions in the brain. In addition, current delivery strategies involve invasive procedures that obviate the inclusion of early stage patients who are most likely to benefit from GDNF-based gene therapy. Here, we introduce a two-pronged treatment strategy, composed of MR image-guided focused ultrasound (FUS) and brain-penetrating nanoparticles (BPN), that provides widespread but targeted GDNF transgene expression in the brain following systemic administration. MR image-guided FUS allows circulating gene vectors to partition into the brain tissue by noninvasive and transient opening of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) within the areas where FUS is applied. Once beyond the BBB, BPN provide widespread and uniform GDNF expression throughout the targeted brain tissue. After only a single treatment, our strategy led to therapeutically relevant levels of GDNF protein content in the FUS-targeted regions in the striatum of the 6-OHDA-induced rat model of PD, which lasted at least up to 10 weeks. Importantly, our strategy restored both dopamine levels and dopaminergic neuron density and reversed behavioral indicators of PD-associated motor dysfunction with no evidence of local or systemic toxicity. Our combinatorial approach overcomes limitations of current delivery strategies, thereby potentially providing a novel means to treat PD.

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    • Figure S1: GDNF-BPN are colloidally stable when incubated in water or artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Figure S2: FUS-mediated delivery of GDNF-BPN to the striatum of PD rats does not change GDNF protein levels in the SNpc or other major organs. Figure S3: FUS-mediated delivery of GDNF-BPN to the striatum of PD rats does not lead to systemic or local toxicity. Figure S4: Time schedule of study. Table S1: Dopamine metabolites in the ipsilateral striatum (PDF)

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    Cite this: Nano Lett. 2017, 17, 6, 3533–3542
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00616
    Published May 16, 2017
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