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Optical Gating of Black Phosphorus for Terahertz Detection

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† Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
‡ Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
*E-mail: [email protected]
Cite this: Nano Lett. 2017, 17, 9, 5811–5816
Publication Date (Web):August 18, 2017
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02931
Copyright © 2017 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Photoconductive antennas are widely used for time-resolved detection of terahertz (THz) pulses. In contrast to photothermoelectric or bolometric THz detection, the coherent detection allows direct measurement of the electric field transient of a THz pulse, which contains both spectral and phase information. In this Letter, we demonstrate for the first time photoconductive detection of free-space propagating THz radiation with thin flakes of a van der Waals material. Mechanically exfoliated flakes of black phosphorus are combined with an antenna that concentrates the THz fields to the small flake (∼10 μm). Similar performance is reached at gating wavelengths of 800 and 1550 nm, which suggests that the narrow bandgap of black phosphorus could allow operation at wavelengths as long as 4 μm. The detected spectrum peaks at 60 GHz, where the signal-to-noise ratio is of the order of 40 dB, and the detectable signal extends to 0.2 THz. The measured signal strongly depends on the polarization of the THz field and the gating pulse, which is explained by the role of the antenna and the anisotropy of the black phosphorus flake, respectively. We analyze the limitations of the device and show potential improvements that could significantly increase the efficiency and bandwidth.

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    15. Zhe Shi, Xiaohui Ren, Hui Qiao, Rui Cao, Ye Zhang, Xiang Qi, Han Zhang. Recent insights into the robustness of two-dimensional black phosphorous in optoelectronic applications. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews 2020, 43 , 100354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2020.100354
    16. Ya Yi, Zhengbo Sun, Jia Li, Paul K. Chu, Xue‐Feng Yu. Optical and Optoelectronic Properties of Black Phosphorus and Recent Photonic and Optoelectronic Applications. Small Methods 2019, 3 (10) https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.201900165
    17. Leonardo Viti, Antonio Politano, Kai Zhang, Miriam Serena Vitiello. Thermoelectric terahertz photodetectors based on selenium-doped black phosphorus flakes. Nanoscale 2019, 11 (4) , 1995-2002. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NR09060B
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