Fabry–Perot Cavity-Enhanced Optical Absorption in Ultrasensitive Tunable Photodiodes Based on Hybrid 2D MaterialsClick to copy article linkArticle link copied!
- Qixing Wang
- Jun Guo
- Zijing Ding
- Dianyu Qi
- Jizhou Jiang
- Zhuo Wang
- Wei Chen
- Yuanjiang Xiang
- Wenjing Zhang
- Andrew T. S. Wee
Abstract

Monolayer two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) show interesting optical and electrical properties because of their direct bandgap. However, the low absorption of atomically thin TMDs limits their applications. Here, we report enhanced absorption and optoelectronic properties of monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) by using an asymmetric Fabry–Perot cavity. The cavity is based on a hybrid structure of MoS2/ hexagonal boron nitride (BN)/Au/SiO2 realized through layer-by-layer vertical stacking. Photoluminescence (PL) intensity of monolayer MoS2 is enhanced over 2 orders of magnitude. Theoretical calculations show that the strong absorption of MoS2 comes from photonic localization on the top of the microcavity at optimal BN spacer thickness. The n/n+ MoS2 homojunction photodiode incorporating this asymmetric Fabry–Perot cavity exhibits excellent current rectifying behavior with an ideality factor of 1 and an ultrasensitive and gate-tunable external photo gain and specific detectivity. Our work offers an effective method to achieve uniform enhanced light absorption by monolayer TMDs, which has promising applications for highly sensitive optoelectronic devices.
Cited By
Smart citations by scite.ai include citation statements extracted from the full text of the citing article. The number of the statements may be higher than the number of citations provided by ACS Publications if one paper cites another multiple times or lower if scite has not yet processed some of the citing articles.
This article is cited by 55 publications.
- Bowen Du, Yule Zhang, Fuquan Xie, Zhi Chen, Songrui Wei, Yanqi Ge, Xilin Tian, Qiao Jiang, Qiuliang Wang, Xueji Zhang, Defa Li, Zhongjian Xie, Han Zhang. Single-Base Resolution Photonic-Integrated Chips via Hybrid Dielectric–Metal Nanocavities for Ultrasensitive Multichannel Biosensing. ACS Photonics 2024, 11
(11)
, 4948-4957. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01437
- Wei Wang, Yu Xiao, Teng Li, Xiangchao Lu, Na Xu, Yang Cao. Piezo-photovoltaic Effect in Monolayer 2H-MoS2. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 2024, 15
(13)
, 3549-3553. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00470
- Yue Wang, Di-Hua Lin, Sheng-Hui Luo, Xiang Zhang, Can Fu, Jiang Wang, Chun-Yan Wu, Di Wu, Yu-Xue Zhou, Lin-Bao Luo. Ultraviolet Photodetectors Based on Nanometer-Thick Films of the Narrow Band Gap Semiconductor PbS. ACS Applied Nano Materials 2022, 5
(7)
, 8894-8901. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.2c01059
- Bowen Du, Yu Li, Meiling Jiang, Hongbo Zhang, Lishu Wu, Wen Wen, Zheng Liu, Zheyu Fang, Ting Yu. Polarization-Dependent Purcell Enhancement on a Two-Dimensional h-BN/WS2 Light Emitter with a Dielectric Plasmonic Nanocavity. Nano Letters 2022, 22
(4)
, 1649-1655. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04640
- Qixing Wang, Julian Maisch, Fangdong Tang, Dong Zhao, Sheng Yang, Raphael Joos, Simone Luca Portalupi, Peter Michler, Jurgen H. Smet. Highly Polarized Single Photons from Strain-Induced Quasi-1D Localized Excitons in WSe2. Nano Letters 2021, 21
(17)
, 7175-7182. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01927
- Khant Minn, Aleksei Anopchenko, Ching-Wen Chang, Ragini Mishra, Jinmin Kim, Zhenrong Zhang, Yu-Jung Lu, Shangjr Gwo, Ho Wai Howard Lee. Enhanced Spontaneous Emission of Monolayer MoS2 on Epitaxially Grown Titanium Nitride Epsilon-Near-Zero Thin Films. Nano Letters 2021, 21
(12)
, 4928-4936. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00491
- Qixing Wang, Andrew T. S. Wee. Upconversion Photovoltaic Effect of WS2/2D Perovskite Heterostructures by Two-Photon Absorption. ACS Nano 2021, 15
(6)
, 10437-10443. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.1c02782
- Wei Yan, Vivek Raj Shresha, Quentin Jeangros, Nima Sefidmooye Azar, Sivacarendran Balendhran, Christophe Ballif, Kenneth Crozier, James Bullock. Spectrally Selective Mid-Wave Infrared Detection Using Fabry-Pérot Cavity Enhanced Black Phosphorus 2D Photodiodes. ACS Nano 2020, 14
(10)
, 13645-13651. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c05751
- Qixing Wang, Qi Zhang, Xin Luo, Junyong Wang, Rui Zhu, Qijie Liang, Lei Zhang, Justin Zhou Yong, Calvin Pei Yu Wong, Goki Eda, Jurgen H. Smet, Andrew T. S. Wee. Optoelectronic Properties of a van der Waals WS2 Monolayer/2D Perovskite Vertical Heterostructure. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2020, 12
(40)
, 45235-45242. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c14398
- Wenjie Deng, Xiaoqing Chen, Yufo Li, Congya You, Feihong Chu, Songyu Li, Boxing An, Yang Ma, Lei Liao, Yongzhe Zhang. Strain Effect Enhanced Ultrasensitive MoS2 Nanoscroll Avalanche Photodetector. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 2020, 11
(11)
, 4490-4497. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00861
- Itai Epstein, Bernat Terrés, André J. Chaves, Varun-Varma Pusapati, Daniel A. Rhodes, Bettina Frank, Valentin Zimmermann, Ying Qin, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Harald Giessen, Sefaattin Tongay, James C. Hone, Nuno M. R. Peres, Frank H. L. Koppens. Near-Unity Light Absorption in a Monolayer WS2 Van der Waals Heterostructure Cavity. Nano Letters 2020, 20
(5)
, 3545-3552. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00492
- Qixing Wang, Qi Zhang, Xiaoxu Zhao, Yu Jie Zheng, Junyong Wang, Xin Luo, Jiadong Dan, Rui Zhu, Qijie Liang, Lei Zhang, P. K. Johnny Wong, Xiaoyue He, Yu Li Huang, Xinyun Wang, Stephen J. Pennycook, Goki Eda, Andrew T. S. Wee. High-Energy Gain Upconversion in Monolayer Tungsten Disulfide Photodetectors. Nano Letters 2019, 19
(8)
, 5595-5603. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02136
- Qixing Wang, Qi Zhang, Xiaoxu Zhao, Xin Luo, Calvin Pei Yu Wong, Junyong Wang, Dongyang Wan, T. Venkatesan, Stephen J. Pennycook, Kian Ping Loh, Goki Eda, Andrew T. S. Wee. Photoluminescence Upconversion by Defects in Hexagonal Boron Nitride. Nano Letters 2018, 18
(11)
, 6898-6905. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02804
- Joel Arriaga‐Dávila, Cristian Rosero‐Arias, Dirk Jonker, Margoth Córdova‐Castro, Josua Zscheile, Robert Kirchner, Alan Aguirre‐Soto, Robert Boyd, Israel De Leon, Han Gardeniers, Arturo Susarrey‐Arce. From Single to Multi‐Material 3D Printing of Glass‐Ceramics for Micro‐Optics. Small Methods 2025, 412 https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401809
- Yuxuan Ke, Li Yuan, Wenshuo Xu, Yutao Hu, Qiaoyan Hao, Jidong Liu, Jiaqi Zhu, Yudi Tu, Qing Zhang, Wenjing Zhang. Ultra‐Fast Weak Light Detectors Based on van der Waals Stacked 2D Semiconductor/h‐BN Heterostructures. Advanced Optical Materials 2025, 13
(4)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202402226
- Churong Ma, Xinkuan Li, Pengfei Huang, Xinyue Liu, Jiahao Yan, Zhaoqiang Zheng, Jiandong Yao, Chun Du, Ying Liu, Xiangping Li, Bai‐ou Guan, Kai Chen. Enhanced Optical Absorption and Emission from Monolayer WS
2
Integrated Onto a TiO
2
Nanohole Array. Advanced Optical Materials 2025, 13
(1)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202402015
- Shi‐Rong Chen, Long‐Qiang Shan, Wei Shu, Li‐Yan Liang, Jiang Wang, Ji‐Gang Hu, Wen‐Huan Zhu, Lin‐Bao Luo, Chun‐Yan Wu. Highly Sensitive InSe Nanosheet Ultraviolet Photodetector Realized Via an Asymmetric Fabry–Pérot Structure. Advanced Optical Materials 2024, 17 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202402729
- Koyo Nakayama, Shota Toida, Takahiko Endo, Mitsuru Inada, Shingo Sato, Hiroshi Tani, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Keiji Ueno, Yasumitsu Miyata, Kazunari Matsuda, Mahito Yamamoto. Spatial and reconfigurable control of photoluminescence from single-layer MoS2 using a strained VO2-based Fabry–Pérot cavity. Applied Physics Letters 2024, 125
(22)
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0236517
- Nithin Abraham, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Kausik Majumdar. Room Temperature Single Photon Detection at 1550 nm Using van der Waals Heterojunction. Advanced Functional Materials 2024, 34
(41)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202406510
- Zhanren Zhou, Junling Lv, Chao Tan, Lei Yang, Zegao Wang. Emerging Frontiers of 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides in Photovoltaics Solar Cell. Advanced Functional Materials 2024, 34
(29)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202316175
- Xueyong Yuan, Guangsheng Jiang, Pingwei Liu, Qiang Fu, Zhi Zhang, Tianqi Liu, Yuru Jiang, Weiwei Zhao, Wenhui Wang, Bei Zhao, Zejun Li, Dan Liu, Zhenhua Ni, Junpeng Lu. Validated enhancement and temperature modulated absorbance of a WS
2
monolayer based on a planar structure. Optics Letters 2024, 49
(9)
, 2401. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.522089
- Nursafwanah Ramizah Sabaruddin, Yu Ming Tan, Chung-Ting Chou Chao, Muhammad Raziq Rahimi Kooh, Yuan-Fong Chou Chau. High Sensitivity of Metasurface-Based Five-Band Terahertz Absorber. Plasmonics 2024, 19
(1)
, 481-493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-023-01989-5
- Chaochao Qin, Wenjing Wang, Jian Song, Zhaoyong Jiao, Shuhong Ma, Shuwen Zheng, Jicai Zhang, Guangrui Jia, Yuhai Jiang, Zhongpo Zhou. Carrier transfer in quasi-2D perovskite/MoS
2
monolayer heterostructure. Nanophotonics 2023, 12
(24)
, 4495-4505. https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2023-0570
- Dariush Jahani, Mohammadreza Alikhani, Yaser Abdi. Quantum Hall coherent perfect absorption in graphene. Scientific Reports 2023, 13
(1)
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49191-1
- Haichuan Mu, Jingjian Tang, Ruibin Wang, Min Qian, Qi Guo. Exciton dynamics and photoresponse of a CVD-grown WS
2
/thermally evaporated CsSnBr
3
heterostructure. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2023, 11
(30)
, 10310-10323. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3TC01340E
- Mingzeng Peng, Jiadong Cheng, Xinhe Zheng, Jingwen Ma, Ziyao Feng, Xiankai Sun. 2D-materials-integrated optoelectromechanics: recent progress and future perspectives. Reports on Progress in Physics 2023, 86
(2)
, 026402. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ac953e
- Xingzhou Chen, Zheng Sun, Min Zhang, Ming Li, Zhigao Hu, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, David Snoke, Zhe-Yu Shi, Jian Wu. Broadband enhancement of absorption by two-dimensional atomic crystals modeled as non-Hermitian photonic scattering. Applied Physics Letters 2023, 122
(4)
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0134789
- Xuexia Chen, Jinhao Zang, Xun Yang, Yuan Zhang, Yancheng Chen, Yue Zhao, Lin Dong, Chong-Xin Shan. Ultrasensitive monolayer-MoS2 heterojunction photodetectors realized via an asymmetric Fabry-Perot cavity. Science China Materials 2022, 65
(7)
, 1861-1868. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-021-1955-0
- Xuexia Chen, Xun Yang, Qing Lou, Yuan Zhang, Yancheng Chen, Yacong Lu, Lin Dong, Chong-Xin Shan. Fabry-Perot interference and piezo-phototronic effect enhanced flexible MoS2 photodetector. Nano Research 2022, 15
(5)
, 4395-4402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-021-3989-4
- Kun Ye, Lixuan Liu, Congpu Mu, Kun Zhai, Shiliang Guo, Bochong Wang, Anmin Nie, Shuhan Meng, Fusheng Wen, Jianyong Xiang, Tianyu Xue, Ming Kang, Yongji Gong, Yongjun Tian, Zhongyuan Liu. Broadband light absorption and photoresponse enhancement in monolayer WSe2 crystal coupled to Sb2O3 microresonators. Nano Research 2022, 15
(5)
, 4653-4660. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-021-4033-4
- Sergio Puebla, Hai Li, Hua Zhang, Andres Castellanos-Gomez. Apparent Colors of 2D Materials. Advanced Photonics Research 2022, 3
(4)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adpr.202100221
- Ziyi Shao, Junting Xiao, Xiao Guo, Siwen You, Yangyang Zhang, Mingjun Li, Fei Song, Conghua Zhou, Haipeng Xie, Yongli Gao, Jiatao Sun, Han Huang. Emission properties of sequentially deposited ultrathin CH3NH3PbI3/MoS2 heterostructures. Current Applied Physics 2022, 36 , 27-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2022.01.005
- Jian Zhang, Mike Tebyetekerwa, Hieu T. Nguyen. Interfacing transition metal dichalcogenides with chromium germanium telluride quantum dots for controllable light-matter interactions. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 2022, 611 , 432-440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.131
- Lujun Huang, Alex Krasnok, Andrea Alú, Yiling Yu, Dragomir Neshev, Andrey E Miroshnichenko. Enhanced light–matter interaction in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. Reports on Progress in Physics 2022, 85
(4)
, 046401. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ac45f9
- Xijun Wu, Chunyao Zhang, Hongxin Ge, H. Liu, Zhencheng Shang, Yudong Niu. Photoluminescence enhancement in monolayer MoS
2
and self-assembled 3D photonic crystal heterostructures. Optics Letters 2022, 47
(5)
, 1267. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.447379
- Partha Kumbhakar, Chinmayee Chowde Gowda, Chandra Sekhar Tiwary. Advance Optical Properties and Emerging Applications of 2D Materials. Frontiers in Materials 2021, 8 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2021.721514
- Mingzeng Peng, Xinhe Zheng, Chengtao Shen, Yingfeng He, Huiyun Wei, Peng Qiu, Yimeng Song, Feng Tian, Ye Li, Shu Wei, Zixian Wang. Synergistic UV and humidity response of flexible MoS
2
/Kapton heterointerfaces
via
photogenerated charge transfer. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2021, 9
(25)
, 7982-7990. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1TC01219C
- Qixing Wang, Andrew T S Wee. Photoluminescence upconversion of 2D materials and applications. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 2021, 33
(22)
, 223001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648X/abf37f
- Y. Tian, Z. Guo, Z. Liu, H. Lin, X. Li, J. Chen, S. Deng, F. Liu. Efficiently enhanced the visible-light absorption of monolayer WS2 by constructing an asymmetric Fabry-Perot cavity. Materials Today Nano 2021, 14 , 100112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtnano.2021.100112
- Jianghong Wu, Hui Ma, Peng Yin, Yanqi Ge, Yupeng Zhang, Lan Li, Han Zhang, Hongtao Lin. Two‐Dimensional Materials for Integrated Photonics: Recent Advances and Future Challenges. Small Science 2021, 1
(4)
https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202000053
- Li Tao, Zefeng Chen, Zhiyong Li, Jiaqi Wang, Xin Xu, Jian‐Bin Xu. Enhancing light‐matter interaction in
2D
materials by optical micro/nano architectures for high‐performance optoelectronic devices. InfoMat 2021, 3
(1)
, 36-60. https://doi.org/10.1002/inf2.12148
- M. H. Doha, J. I. Santos Batista, A. F. Rawwagah, J. P. Thompson, A. Fereidouni, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, M. El-Shenawee, H. O. H. Churchill. Integration of multi-layer black phosphorus into photoconductive antennas for THz emission. Journal of Applied Physics 2020, 128
(6)
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0016370
- Tao Ding. Controllable tuning of Fabry–Perot cavities
via
laser printing. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2020, 8
(31)
, 10825-10830. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TC01662D
- Yaopei Liu, Chun Xue, Jiaxun Zhang, Dawei Gu, Linjiang Shen, Lei Wang. Fabry-Pérot interference effects from rock-salt MgZnO/MgO multiple-quantum-well. Solid State Sciences 2020, 102 , 106163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2020.106163
- A. Casalis de Pury, X. Zheng, O. S. Ojambati, A. Trifonov, C. Grosse, M-E. Kleemann, V. Babenko, D. Purdie, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, A. Lombardo, G. A. E. Vandenbosch, S. Hofmann, J. J. Baumberg. Localized Nanoresonator Mode in Plasmonic Microcavities. Physical Review Letters 2020, 124
(9)
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.093901
- Aleksei Anopchenko, Khant Minn, Ching-Wen Chang, Jinmin Kim, Yu-Jung Lu, Shangjr Gwo, Ho Wai Howard Lee. Enhanced Spontaneous Emission of MoS2 Monolayers on Epsilon-Near-Zero Substrates. 2020, FM1B.2. https://doi.org/10.1364/FIO.2020.FM1B.2
- Qin Wang, Liwei Zhang. Tunable narrow terahertz absorption of one-dimensional photonic crystals embedded with Dirac semimetal-dielectric defect layers. Applied Optics 2019, 58
(31)
, 8486. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.58.008486
- Yue Dong, Eser Metin Akinoglu, Heyou Zhang, Fatemeh Maasoumi, Jinping Zhou, Paul Mulvaney. An Optically Responsive Soft Etalon Based on Ultrathin Cellulose Hydrogels. Advanced Functional Materials 2019, 29
(40)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201904290
- Yaxi Wang, Ping Shen, Junshi Liu, Yiran Xue, Yufei Wang, Mengnan Yao, Liang Shen. Recent Advances of Organic Solar Cells with Optical Microcavities. Solar RRL 2019, 3
(8)
https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.201900181
- Xin Huang, Xuewei Feng, Li Chen, Lin Wang, Wee Chong Tan, Li Huang, Kah-Wee Ang. Fabry-Perot cavity enhanced light-matter interactions in two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructure. Nano Energy 2019, 62 , 667-673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.05.090
- Qijie Liang, Qixing Wang, Qian Zhang, Jingxuan Wei, Sharon Xiaodai Lim, Rui Zhu, Junxiong Hu, Wei Wei, Chengkuo Lee, ChorngHaur Sow, Wenjing Zhang, Andrew Thye Shen Wee. High‐Performance, Room Temperature, Ultra‐Broadband Photodetectors Based on Air‐Stable PdSe
2. Advanced Materials 2019, 31
(24)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201807609
- Xiaoting Wang, Yu Cui, Tao Li, Ming Lei, Jingbo Li, Zhongming Wei. Recent Advances in the Functional 2D Photonic and Optoelectronic Devices. Advanced Optical Materials 2019, 7
(3)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201801274
- Rui Wang, Yan-Ling Wu, B. H. Yu, Li-Li Hu, C. Z. Gu, J. J. Li, Jimin Zhao. Absorptive Fabry–Pérot Interference in a Metallic Nanostructure. Chinese Physics Letters 2019, 36
(2)
, 027801. https://doi.org/10.1088/0256-307X/36/2/027801
- Fan Gong, Feng Wu, Mingsheng Long, Fansheng Chen, Meng Su, Zhenyu Yang, Jing Shi. Black Phosphorus Infrared Photodetectors with Fast Response and High Photoresponsivity. physica status solidi (RRL) – Rapid Research Letters 2018, 12
(12)
https://doi.org/10.1002/pssr.201800310
- Ali Shahidinejad, Saeed Fathi. Wireless-assisted multiple network on chip using microring resonators. Microprocessors and Microsystems 2018, 63 , 190-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2018.09.006
Article Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.
Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.
The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated.