Giant Mechano-Optoelectronic Effect in an Atomically Thin Semiconductor
- Wei WuWei WuDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United StatesInstitute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United StatesMore by Wei Wu
- ,
- Jin WangJin WangInstitute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United StatesDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United StatesMore by Jin Wang
- ,
- Peter ErciusPeter ErciusMolecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United StatesMore by Peter Ercius
- ,
- Nicomario C. WrightNicomario C. WrightDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United StatesMore by Nicomario C. Wright
- ,
- Danielle M. Leppert-SimenauerDanielle M. Leppert-SimenauerDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United StatesDepartment of Physics, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois 60614, United StatesMore by Danielle M. Leppert-Simenauer
- ,
- Robert A. BurkeRobert A. BurkeU.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United StatesGeneral Technical Services, LLC, Wall, New Jersey 07727, United StatesMore by Robert A. Burke
- ,
- Madan Dubey
- ,
- Avinash M. DogareAvinash M. DogareInstitute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United StatesDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United StatesMore by Avinash M. Dogare
- , and
- Michael T. Pettes*Michael T. Pettes*E-mail: [email protected]Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United StatesInstitute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United StatesMore by Michael T. Pettes
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are particularly sensitive to mechanical strain because they are capable of experiencing high atomic displacements without nucleating defects to release excess energy. Being promising for photonic applications, it has been shown that as certain phases of layered TMDs MX2 (M = Mo or W; X = S, Se, or Te) are scaled to a thickness of one monolayer, the photoluminescence response is dramatically enhanced due to the emergence of a direct electronic band gap compared with their multilayer or bulk counterparts, which typically exhibit indirect band gaps. Recently, mechanical strain has also been predicted to enable direct excitonic recombination in these materials, in which large changes in the photoluminescence response will occur during an indirect-to-direct band gap transition brought on by elastic tensile strain. Here, we demonstrate an enhancement of 2 orders of magnitude in the photoluminescence emission intensity in uniaxially strained single crystalline WSe2 bilayers. Through a theoretical model that includes experimentally relevant system conditions, we determine this amplification to arise from a significant increase in direct excitonic recombination. Adding confidence to the high levels of elastic strain achieved in this report, we observe strain-independent, mode-dependent Grüneisen parameters over the entire range of tensile strain (1–3.59%), which were obtained as 1.149 ± 0.027, 0.307 ± 0.061, and 0.357 ± 0.103 for the E2g, A1g, and A21g optical phonon modes, respectively. These results can inform the predictive strain-engineered design of other atomically thin indirect semiconductors, in which a decrease in out-of-plane bonding strength may lead to an increase in the strength of strain-coupled optoelectronic effects.
Cited By
This article is cited by 31 publications.
- Ajit Kumar Katiyar, Anh Tuan Hoang, Duo Xu, Juyeong Hong, Beom Jin Kim, Seunghyeon Ji, Jong-Hyun Ahn. 2D Materials in Flexible Electronics: Recent Advances and Future Prospectives. Chemical Reviews 2023, Article ASAP.
- Zheng Huang, Nan Lu, Zifeng Wang, Shuoheng Xu, Jie Guan, Yaowu Hu. Large-Scale Ultrafast Strain Engineering of CVD-Grown Two-Dimensional Materials on Strain Self-Limited Deformable Nanostructures toward Enhanced Field-Effect Transistors. Nano Letters 2022, 22
(18)
, 7734-7741. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01559
- Cinzia Di Giorgio, Elena Blundo, Giorgio Pettinari, Marco Felici, Antonio Polimeni, Fabrizio Bobba. Exceptional Elasticity of Microscale Constrained MoS2 Domes. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2021, 13
(40)
, 48228-48238. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c13293
- Rishi Maiti, Md Abid Shahriar Rahman Saadi, Rubab Amin, Veli Ongun Ozcelik, Berkin Uluutku, Chandraman Patil, Can Suer, Santiago Solares, Volker J. Sorger. Strain-Induced Spatially Resolved Charge Transport in 2H-MoTe2. ACS Applied Electronic Materials 2021, 3
(9)
, 3781-3788. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.1c00281
- Alejandra Londoño-Calderon, Darrick J. Williams, Matthew Schneider, Benjamin H. Savitzky, Colin Ophus, Michael T. Pettes. Local Lattice Deformation of Tellurene Grain Boundaries by Four-Dimensional Electron Microscopy. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2021, 125
(6)
, 3396-3405. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c00308
- Kuntal Talit, David A. Strubbe. Stress Effects on Vibrational Spectra of a Cubic Hybrid Perovskite: A Probe of Local Strain. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2020, 124
(50)
, 27287-27299. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c07389
- Luca Sortino, Matthew Brooks, Panaiot G. Zotev, Armando Genco, Javier Cambiasso, Sandro Mignuzzi, Stefan A. Maier, Guido Burkard, Riccardo Sapienza, Alexander I. Tartakovskii. Dielectric Nanoantennas for Strain Engineering in Atomically Thin Two-Dimensional Semiconductors. ACS Photonics 2020, 7
(9)
, 2413-2422. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.0c00294
- Wei Wu, Mayra Daniela Morales-Acosta, Yongqiang Wang, Michael Thompson Pettes. Isotope Effect in Bilayer WSe2. Nano Letters 2019, 19
(3)
, 1527-1533. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04269
- Shayani Parida, Yongqiang Wang, Huan Zhao, Han Htoon, Theresa Marie Kucinski, Mikhail Chubarov, Tanushree Choudhury, Joan Marie Redwing, Avinash Dongare, Michael Thompson Pettes. Tuning of the electronic and vibrational properties of epitaxial MoS
2
through He-ion beam modification. Nanotechnology 2023, 34
(8)
, 085702. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aca3af
- Xin Liang, Changan Wang. Insights into strain dependent lattice thermal conductivity of tin oxide. Acta Materialia 2022, 239 , 118289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2022.118289
- Wenshuai Hu, Yabin Wang, Kexin He, Xiaolong He, Yan Bai, Chenyang Liu, Nan Zhou, Haolin Wang, Peixian Li, Xiaohua Ma, Yong Xie. Straining of atomically thin WSe2 crystals: Suppressing slippage by thermal annealing. Journal of Applied Physics 2022, 132
(8)
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0096190
- Mengying Liu, Weijie Li, Dan Cheng, Xuan Fang, Hongbin Zhao, Dengkui Wang, Jinhua Li, Yingjiao Zhai, Jie Fan, Haizhu Wang, Xiaohua Wang, Dan Fang, Xiaohui Ma. Strain engineering of lateral heterostructures based on group-V enes (As, Sb, Bi) for infrared optoelectronic applications calculated by first principles. RSC Advances 2022, 12
(23)
, 14578-14585. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RA02108K
- Weibin Zhang, Fanghua Cheng, Junwei Huang, Hongtao Yuan, Quan Wang. Investigation of uniaxial strain in twisted few-layer MoS2. Physics Letters A 2021, 418 , 127709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2021.127709
- E. Blundo, E. Cappelluti, M. Felici, G. Pettinari, A. Polimeni. Strain-tuning of the electronic, optical, and vibrational properties of two-dimensional crystals. Applied Physics Reviews 2021, 8
(2)
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0037852
- Shouyuan Huang, Yijie Chen, Zhe Luo, Xianfan Xu. Temperature and Strain Effects in Micro-Raman Thermometry for Measuring In-Plane Thermal Conductivity of Thin Films. Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering 2021, 25
(2)
, 91-100. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567265.2021.1912865
- Yong Xie, Jaesung Lee, Yanan Wang, Philip X.‐L. Feng. Straining and Tuning Atomic Layer Nanoelectromechanical Resonators via Comb‐Drive MEMS Actuators. Advanced Materials Technologies 2021, 6
(2)
https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202000794
- Xiaoyu Zhou, Di Wu, Zhen Jin, Xiaojie Song, Xiufang Wang, Steven L. Suib. Significantly increased Raman enhancement on defect-rich O-incorporated 1T-MoS2 nanosheets. Journal of Materials Science 2020, 55
(34)
, 16374-16384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05172-7
- Zhiwei Li, Yawei Lv, Liwang Ren, Jia Li, Lingan Kong, Yujia Zeng, Quanyang Tao, Ruixia Wu, Huifang Ma, Bei Zhao, Di Wang, Weiqi Dang, Keqiu Chen, Lei Liao, Xidong Duan, Xiangfeng Duan, Yuan Liu. Efficient strain modulation of 2D materials via polymer encapsulation. Nature Communications 2020, 11
(1)
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15023-3
- Shayani Parida, Avanish Mishra, Jie Chen, Jin Wang, Arthur Dobley, C. Barry Carter, Avinash M. Dongare. Vertically Stacked 2H‐1T Dual‐Phase MoS
2
Microstructures during Lithium Intercalation: A First Principles Study. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 2020, 103
(11)
, 6603-6614. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.17367
- Yalan Yan, Shuang Ding, Xiaonan Wu, Jian Zhu, Dengman Feng, Xiaodong Yang, Fangfei Li. Tuning the physical properties of ultrathin transition-metal dichalcogenides
via
strain engineering. RSC Advances 2020, 10
(65)
, 39455-39467. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0RA07288E
- Naiyun Tang, Chen Du, Qianqian Wang, Haoran Xu. Strain engineering in bilayer WSe2 over a large strain range. Microelectronic Engineering 2020, 223 , 111202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2019.111202
- Jia He, Dengfeng Li, Yan Ying, Chunbao Feng, Junjie He, Chengyong Zhong, Hangbo Zhou, Ping Zhou, Gang Zhang. Orbitally driven giant thermal conductance associated with abnormal strain dependence in hydrogenated graphene-like borophene. npj Computational Materials 2019, 5
(1)
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41524-019-0183-2
- Zhaohe Dai, Luqi Liu, Zhong Zhang. Strain Engineering of 2D Materials: Issues and Opportunities at the Interface. Advanced Materials 2019, 31
(45)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201805417
- Mathias Rosdahl Brems, Morten Willatzen. Strain and electric field tuning of 2D hexagonal boron arsenide. New Journal of Physics 2019, 21
(9)
, 093030. https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ab3d78
- Wei Wu, Chandriker K. Dass, Joshua R. Hendrickson, Raul D. Montaño, Robert E. Fischer, Xiaotian Zhang, Tanushree H. Choudhury, Joan M. Redwing, Yongqiang Wang, Michael T. Pettes. Locally defined quantum emission from epitaxial few-layer tungsten diselenide. Applied Physics Letters 2019, 114
(21)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5091779
- Gerard Michael Carroll, Hanyu Zhang, Jeremy R. Dunklin, Elisa M. Miller, Nathan R. Neale, Jao van de Lagemaat. Unique interfacial thermodynamics of few-layer 2D MoS
2
for (photo)electrochemical catalysis. Energy & Environmental Science 2019, 12
(5)
, 1648-1656. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9EE00513G
- Yu Zhou, Joshua V. Pondick, Jose Luis Silva, John M. Woods, David J. Hynek, Grace Matthews, Xin Shen, Qingliang Feng, Wen Liu, Zhixing Lu, Zhixiu Liang, Barbara Brena, Zhao Cai, Min Wu, Liying Jiao, Shu Hu, Hailiang Wang, Carlos Moyses Araujo, Judy J. Cha. Unveiling the Interfacial Effects for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on MoS
2
/WTe
2
Hybrid Structures. Small 2019, 15
(19)
https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201900078
- Xianghai Meng, Tribhuwan Pandey, Jihoon Jeong, Suyu Fu, Jing Yang, Ke Chen, Akash Singh, Feng He, Xiaochuan Xu, Jianshi Zhou, Wen-Pin Hsieh, Abhishek K. Singh, Jung-Fu Lin, Yaguo Wang. Thermal Conductivity Enhancement in
MoS
2
under Extreme Strain. Physical Review Letters 2019, 122
(15)
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.155901
- Xingzhong Zeng, Yitian Peng, Haojie Lang, Kang Yu. Probing the difference in friction performance between graphene and MoS2 by manipulating the silver nanowires. Journal of Materials Science 2019, 54
(1)
, 540-551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2839-6
- Jin Wang, Raju Namburu, Madan Dubey, Avinash M. Dongare. Origins of Moiré Patterns in CVD-grown MoS2 Bilayer Structures at the Atomic Scales. Scientific Reports 2018, 8
(1)
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27582-z
- Sajad Yazdani, Michael Thompson Pettes. Nanoscale self-assembly of thermoelectric materials: a review of chemistry-based approaches. Nanotechnology 2018, 29
(43)
, 432001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aad673