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Micromotors for Active Delivery of Minerals toward the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia

  • Emil Karshalev
    Emil Karshalev
    Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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  • , 
  • Yue Zhang
    Yue Zhang
    Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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  • , 
  • Berta Esteban-Fernández de Ávila
    Berta Esteban-Fernández de Ávila
    Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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  • , 
  • Mara Beltrán-Gastélum
    Mara Beltrán-Gastélum
    Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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  • , 
  • Yijie Chen
    Yijie Chen
    Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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  • , 
  • Rodolfo Mundaca-Uribe
    Rodolfo Mundaca-Uribe
    Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
    More by Rodolfo Mundaca-Uribe
  • , 
  • Fangyu Zhang
    Fangyu Zhang
    Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
    More by Fangyu Zhang
  • , 
  • Bryan Nguyen
    Bryan Nguyen
    Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
    More by Bryan Nguyen
  • , 
  • Yao Tong
    Yao Tong
    Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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  • , 
  • Ronnie H. Fang
    Ronnie H. Fang
    Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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  • , 
  • Liangfang Zhang*
    Liangfang Zhang
    Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
    *E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: 858-246-0999.
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    Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-0637-0654
  • , and 
  • Joseph Wang*
    Joseph Wang
    Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
    *E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: 858-246-0128.
    More by Joseph Wang
    Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-4921-9674
Cite this: Nano Lett. 2019, 19, 11, 7816–7826
Publication Date (Web):October 7, 2019
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02832
Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    As the most common nutritional disorder, iron deficiency represents a major public health problem with broad impacts on physical and mental development. However, treatment is often compromised by low iron bioavailability and undesired side effects. Here, we report on the development of active mineral delivery vehicles using Mg-based micromotors, which can autonomously propel in gastrointestinal fluids, aiding in the dynamic delivery of minerals. Iron and selenium are combined as a model mineral payload in the micromotor platform. We demonstrate the ability of our mineral-loaded micromotors to replenish iron and selenium stores in an anemic mouse model after 30 days of treatment, normalizing hematological parameters such as red blood count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. Additionally, the micromotor platform exhibits no toxicity after the treatment regimen. This proof-of-concept study indicates that micromotor-based active delivery of mineral supplements represents an attractive approach toward alleviating nutritional deficiencies.

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02832.

    • Enteric layer coating process, microscope and fluorescence images of loaded passive control particles, mouse weight after 30 days of treatment, and calculation of daily recommended values and upper limits of minerals for mice (PDF)

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