Engineering Human-Scale Artificial Bone Grafts for Treating Critical-Size Bone DefectsClick to copy article linkArticle link copied!
- Alessandro CianciosiAlessandro CianciosiDepartment of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, ItalyMore by Alessandro Cianciosi
- Marco CostantiniMarco CostantiniDepartment of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, ItalyInstitute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, PolandMore by Marco Costantini
- Sara BergamascoSara BergamascoDepartment of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, ItalyMore by Sara Bergamasco
- Stefano TestaStefano TestaDepartment of Biology, Rome University Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, ItalyMore by Stefano Testa
- Ersilia FornettiErsilia FornettiDepartment of Biology, Rome University Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, ItalyMore by Ersilia Fornetti
- Jakub JaroszewiczJakub JaroszewiczFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warsaw, PolandMore by Jakub Jaroszewicz
- Jacopo Baldi
- Alessandro LatiniAlessandro LatiniDepartment of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, ItalyMore by Alessandro Latini
- Emilia ChoińskaEmilia ChoińskaFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warsaw, PolandMore by Emilia Choińska
- Marcin HeljakMarcin HeljakFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warsaw, PolandMore by Marcin Heljak
- Carmine ZoccaliCarmine ZoccaliIRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, ItalyMore by Carmine Zoccali
- Stefano CannataStefano CannataDepartment of Biology, Rome University Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, ItalyMore by Stefano Cannata
- Wojciech ŚwięszkowskiWojciech ŚwięszkowskiFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warsaw, PolandMore by Wojciech Święszkowski
- Andrés Diaz LantadaAndrés Diaz LantadaMechanical Engineering Department, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, SpainMore by Andrés Diaz Lantada
- Cesare Gargioli*Cesare Gargioli*E-mail: [email protected] (C.G.).Department of Biology, Rome University Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, ItalyMore by Cesare Gargioli
- Andrea Barbetta*Andrea Barbetta*E-mail: [email protected] (A.B.).Department of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, ItalyMore by Andrea Barbetta
Abstract
The manufacturing of artificial bone grafts can potentially circumvent the issues associated with current bone grafting treatments for critical-size bone defects caused by pathological disorders, trauma, or massive tumor ablation. In this study, we report on a potentially patient-specific fabrication process in which replicas of bone defects, in particular zygomatic and mandibular bones and phalanxes of a hand finger, were manufactured by laser stereolithography and used as templates for the creation of PDMS molds. Gas-in-water foams were cast in the molds, rapidly frozen, freeze-dried, and cross-linked. Since bone matrix consists essentially of collagen and hydroxyapatite, biomimetic scaffolds were fabricated using gelatin and hydroxyapatite in a ratio very similar to that found in bone. The obtained composite scaffolds were excellent replicas of the original bone defects models and presented both a superficial and internal porous texture adequate for cellular and blood vessels infiltration. In particular, scaffolds exhibited a porous texture consisting of pores and interconnects with average size of about 300 and 100 μm, respectively, and a porosity of 90%. In vitro culture tests using hMSCs demonstrated scaffold biocompatibility and capacity in inducing differentiation toward osteoblasts progenitors. In vivo cellularized implants showed bone matrix deposition and recruitment of blood vessels. Overall, the technique/materials combination used in this work led to the fabrication of promising mechanically stable, bioactive, and biocompatible composite scaffolds with well-defined architectures potentially valuable in the regeneration of patient-specific bone defects.
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