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Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2023, 6, 20, 10457-10466
    Article

    High-Performance Selenide-Based Flexible Thermoelectric Films
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    • Santosh Kumar
      Santosh Kumar
      Soft Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
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    • Minati Tiadi
      Minati Tiadi
      Soft Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
      International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), IITM Research Park, Chennai 600113, India
      More by Minati Tiadi
      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2933-3047
    • Vikrant Trivedi
      Vikrant Trivedi
      International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), IITM Research Park, Chennai 600113, India
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    • Manjusha Battabyal*
      Manjusha Battabyal
      International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), IITM Research Park, Chennai 600113, India
      *Email: [email protected]
      More by Manjusha Battabyal
      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1191-1136
    • Dillip K. Satapathy*
      Dillip K. Satapathy
      Soft Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
      *Email: [email protected]
      More by Dillip K. Satapathy
      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-655X
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    ACS Applied Energy Materials

    Cite this: ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2023, 6, 20, 10457–10466
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.3c01533
    Published October 12, 2023
    Copyright © 2023 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Flexible thermoelectric (TE) devices hold unique promise for future wearable electronics. However, the development of flexible thermoelectrics for wearable electronics is still a challenge owing to their low power conversion efficiency and degradation due to repeated bending on human body curvature. Herein, we have developed flexible TE films using inorganic Ag2Se and Ag2Se–CuAgSe on nylon through the chemical route followed by cold pressing to see the effect of the processing route on the flexibility and TE properties of Ag2Se/nylon and Ag2Se–CuAgSe/nylon films. The cold-pressed TE films could retain the TE properties of bulk samples, and hence, a power factor of ∼1286 μW/mK2 at 300 K is achieved for the Ag2Se/nylon film, the highest value among those reported for Ag2Se/nylon so far. The processed TE films show excellent flexibility against bending up to 1500 cycles without much degradation in the film conductivity. A TE prototype fabricated out of the processed Ag2Se–CuAgSe/nylon film generates the output voltage and power of 9 mV and 110 nW, respectively, at 300 K when a temperature gradient of 20 K is applied across it. The prototype could produce a 1.2 mV output voltage in contact with a human wrist at a temperature difference of ≤5K. The obtained output voltage at such a low temperature gradient using human body heat is the highest among the reported values until now, which can be attributed to the enhanced TE properties of the cold-pressed film. Our findings pave the way to developing highly efficient flexible inorganic/organic thermoelectrics for near-room-temperature energy harvesting.

    Copyright © 2023 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsaem.3c01533.

    • XRD of processed Se nanowires, photograph of the Ag2Se–CuAgSe composite film on a nylon porous membrane, SEM images at the surface and cross section of thin films, EDX of the Ag2Se–CuAgSe/nylon film, customized bending test setup, and the TE performance of the film and prototype with respect to bending radius and bending cycles (PDF)

    • Bending test (MP4)

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    This article is cited by 11 publications.

    1. Avnee Chauhan, Amit Kumar Das, Dillip K. Satapathy, Manjusha Battabyal. Enhanced Thermoelectric Efficiency in Highly Flexible PVDF–Te Composite Films: Role of Nanoparticle Morphology. ACS Applied Energy Materials 2025, 8 (9) , 6044-6055. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.5c00415
    2. Santosh Kumar, Manjusha Battabyal, Dillip K. Satapathy. Flexible Ag2Se Film with Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2024, 16 (48) , 66170-66180. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.4c15371
    3. Santosh Kumar, Manjusha Battabyal, Kanikrishnan Sethupathi, Dillip K. Satapathy. High-Performance Printed Ag2Se/PI Flexible Thermoelectric Film for Powering Wearable Electronics. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2024, 16 (31) , 40848-40857. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.4c05537
    4. Ying Liu, Zixing Wang, Jiajia Li, Mingcheng Zhang, Yuexin Liu, Xiaowen Han, Xinru Zuo, Kefeng Cai, Lidong Chen. Largely Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of Flexible Ag2Se Film by Cationic Doping and Dual-Phase Engineering. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2024, 16 (20) , 26417-26427. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.4c03756
    5. Avnee Chauhan, Santosh Kumar, Dillip K. Satapathy, Manjusha Battabyal. Polymer-Infused Textile Thermoelectrics for Power Generation. ACS Applied Electronic Materials 2024, 6 (4) , 2774-2781. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.4c00352
    6. Lydia Rathnam, Surabhi Suresh Nair, Arnab Ganguly, Nirpendra Singh, Gobind Das. Strategies to enhance thermoelectric performance: Review. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 2025, 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.06.100
    7. Penglu Yu, Mingxuan Li, Wenqian Lv, Zhilei Liu, Shangheng Yu, Zhifang Zhou, Jin‐Le Lan, Yunhua Yu, Xiaoping Yang, Yuan‐Hua Lin. Iodide Ion‐Assisted Silver‐Telluride‐Based Nanowires: Morphology Optimization and Efficient Doping for Improved Thermoelectric Application. Small 2025, 21 (15) https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202412632
    8. Liyang Zhang, Yangqin Gao, Ziyu Teng, Yida Liu, Xinming Liu, Chuanbo Cong, Kezhen Lai, Linping Li, Jipeng Dong, Ning Li, Lei Ge. Gas-liquid interface derived lightweight and twistable BiOI/In2O3/tape assembly for photocatalytic NO removal. Chemical Engineering Journal 2024, 497 , 154629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.154629
    9. Ragab Abouzeid, Mohammad Shayan, Meen Sung Koo, Qinglin Wu. Lignin containing cellulose nanofiber/Ag 2 Se nanocomposite films: a promising material for thermoelectric film generators. RSC Advances 2024, 14 (34) , 24756-24764. https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA01750A
    10. Qin‐Xue Hu, Wei‐Di Liu, Li Zhang, Han Gao, De‐Zhuang Wang, Ting Wu, Xiao‐Lei Shi, Meng Li, Qing‐Feng Liu, Yan‐Ling Yang, Zhi‐Gang Chen. Carrier Separation Boosts Thermoelectric Performance of Flexible n ‐Type Ag 2 Se‐Based Films. Advanced Energy Materials 2024, 23 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202401890
    11. Tatavarthi Veera Venkata Ramana, Manjusha Battabyal, Santosh Kumar, Dillip K. Satapathy, Ravi Kumar. Probing the thermoelectric properties of aluminium-doped copper iodide. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2024, 26 (17) , 13287-13299. https://doi.org/10.1039/D4CP00593G
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    ACS Applied Energy Materials

    Cite this: ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2023, 6, 20, 10457–10466
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.3c01533
    Published October 12, 2023
    Copyright © 2023 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

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