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Orientation of Ferroelectric Domains and Disappearance upon Heating Methylammonium Lead Triiodide Perovskite from Tetragonal to Cubic Phase

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    Orientation of Ferroelectric Domains and Disappearance upon Heating Methylammonium Lead Triiodide Perovskite from Tetragonal to Cubic Phase
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    ACS Applied Energy Materials

    Cite this: ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2018, 1, 4, 1534–1539
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.7b00330
    Published March 14, 2018
    Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    We study the spontaneous polarization of the archetypal semiconducting halide perovskite methylammonium lead triiodide (CH3NH3PbI3) that is currently being investigated for use in thin film solar cells and light-emitting diodes. Using both lateral and vertical piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) to image polycrystalline thin films, we observed domains in the piezoresponse that reversibly appear and disappear below and above the tetragonal-to-cubic phase transition temperature. Importantly, we observe these domains to exhibit a piezoresponse that is predominantly in-plane for films with the (110) plane oriented parallel to the substrate, providing a measure of the polarization associated with specific crystal planes. We characterize the polarization and its temporal response using both local switching spectroscopy and time-dependent PFM spectra. These data show hysteresis loops with the polarization switching with bias but relaxing back on time scales of several minutes. Our results suggest the existence of ferroelectric behavior due to off-center displacement of the Pb2+ cation, although the local polarization response is complicated by the presence of local ionic and electronic conductivity. Understanding the nature of these domains paves the way for further optimization of optoelectronic devices using CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite material.

    Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.7b00330.

    • Materials and methods, topography from AFM image, 2D-XRD, lines scans from PFM phase and amplitude images, temperature-dependent PFM amplitude images, PFM for CsPbI3, frequency- and temperature-dependent hysteresis loops from DART switching spectroscopy, time-resolved phase decays after polarization (PDF)

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    This article is cited by 49 publications.

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    Cite this: ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2018, 1, 4, 1534–1539
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.7b00330
    Published March 14, 2018
    Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

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