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    Research Article

    Shape-Programmed Fabrication and Actuation of Magnetically Active Micropost Arrays
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    • Jisoo Jeon
      Jisoo Jeon
      Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
      More by Jisoo Jeon
    • Jeong Eun Park
      Jeong Eun Park
      Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
      More by Jeong Eun Park
    • Sei Jin Park
      Sei Jin Park
      Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
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    • Sukyoung Won
      Sukyoung Won
      Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
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    • Hangbo Zhao
      Hangbo Zhao
      Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-5229-4192
    • Sanha Kim
      Sanha Kim
      Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
      More by Sanha Kim
      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-3548-6173
    • Bong Sup Shim
      Bong Sup Shim
      Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
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      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-3205-6191
    • Augustine Urbas
      Augustine Urbas
      Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
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    • A. John Hart*
      A. John Hart
      Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
      *E-mail: [email protected] (A.J.H.).
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      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-7372-3512
    • Zahyun Ku*
      Zahyun Ku
      Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
      *E-mail: [email protected] (Z.K.).
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    • Jeong Jae Wie*
      Jeong Jae Wie
      Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
      *E-mail: [email protected] (J.J.W.).
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      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-7381-947X
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    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

    Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 14, 17113–17120
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c01511
    Published March 5, 2020
    Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Micro- and nanotextured surfaces with reconfigurable textures can enable advancements in the control of wetting and heat transfer, directed assembly of complex materials, and reconfigurable optics, among many applications. However, reliable and programmable directional shape in large scale is significant for prescribed applications. Herein, we demonstrate the self-directed fabrication and actuation of large-area elastomer micropillar arrays, using magnetic fields to both program a shape-directed actuation response and rapidly and reversibly actuate the arrays. Specifically, alignment of magnetic microparticles during casting of micropost arrays with hemicylindrical shapes imparts a deterministic anisotropy that can be exploited to achieve the prescribed, large-deformation bending or twisting of the pillars. The actuation coincides with the finite element method, and we demonstrate reversible, noncontact magnetic actuation of arrays of tens of thousands of pillars over hundreds of cycles, with the bending and twisting angles of up to 72 and 61°, respectively. Moreover, we demonstrate the use of the surfaces to control anisotropic liquid spreading and show that the capillary self-assembly of actuated micropost arrays enables highly complex architectures to be fabricated. The present technique could be scaled to indefinite areas using cost-effective materials and casting techniques, and the principle of shape-directed pillar actuation can be applied to other active material systems.

    Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.0c01511.

    • Methodology of finite element analysis; calculation of the bending stiffness through the offset angle between the horizontal short axis of the micropost and applied external magnetic field and the degree of bending; schematic illustration of the preparation of preprogrammed, magnetically responsive microarrays; SEM micrographs of the geometry of microarrays; mechanical properties of each micropillar; 3D schematic illustration of the source of linear magnetic field for actuation; mechanism of uniform actuation with tilt angle in particle alignment; correction factor and procedure for FEM simulation; magnetic hysteresis of actuation in each microarray; actuation angle variation of each microarray; and coverage of each microarray before and after actuation (PDF)

    • RD microarray (MP4)

    • HSA microarray (MP4)

    • HLA microarray (MP4)

    • VA microarray (MP4)

    • HLA+VA microarray (MP4)

    • Concerted microarray (MP4)

    • Arbitrary patterned microarray (MP4)

    • On-demand droplet spreading on VA microarray (MP4)

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    This article is cited by 48 publications.

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    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

    Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 14, 17113–17120
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c01511
    Published March 5, 2020
    Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

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