Polyglycerol-Based Thermoresponsive Nanocapsules Induce Skin Hydration and Serve as a Skin Penetration EnhancerClick to copy article linkArticle link copied!
- Ernesto R. Osorio-BlancoErnesto R. Osorio-BlancoFreie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, GermanyMore by Ernesto R. Osorio-Blanco
- Fiorenza RancanFiorenza RancanClinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, GermanyMore by Fiorenza Rancan
- André KlossekAndré KlossekFreie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, GermanyMore by André Klossek
- Jan H. NissenJan H. NissenFreie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, GermanyMore by Jan H. Nissen
- Luisa HoffmannLuisa HoffmannClinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, GermanyMore by Luisa Hoffmann
- Julian BergueiroJulian BergueiroFreie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, GermanyCentro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Comopostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, SpainMore by Julian Bergueiro
- Sebastian RiedelSebastian RiedelFreie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, GermanyMore by Sebastian Riedel
- Annika VogtAnnika VogtClinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, GermanyMore by Annika Vogt
- Eckart RühlEckart RühlFreie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, GermanyMore by Eckart Rühl
- Marcelo Calderón*Marcelo Calderón*E-mail: [email protected]Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, GermanyPOLYMAT and Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainIKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, SpainMore by Marcelo Calderón
Abstract

The use of penetration enhancers (chemical or physical) has been proven to dramatically improve the penetration of therapeutics. Nevertheless, their use poses great risks, as they can lead to permanent damage of the skin, reduce its barrier efficiency, and result in the intrusion of harmful substances. Among the most used skin penetration enhancers, water is greatly accepted because skin quickly recovers from its exposure. Nanocapsules (NCs) represent a promising combination of the carrier system and penetration enhancer because their water-containing void combined with their polymer-based shell can be used to induce high local skin hydration, while simultaneously aiding the transport of drugs across the skin barrier. In this study, NCs were synthesized with a void core of 100 nm in diameter, a thermoresponsive shell based on different ratios of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) as thermoresponsive polymers, and dendritic polyglycerol as a macromolecular cross-linker. These NCs can shrink or swell upon a thermal trigger, which was used to induce the release of the entrapped water in a controlled fashion. The interactions and effects of thermoresponsive NCs on the stratum corneum of excised human skin were investigated using fluorescence microscopy, high-resolution optical microscopy, and stimulated Raman spectromicroscopy. It could be observed that the thermoresponsive NCs increase the amount of deuterated water that penetrated into the viable epidermis. Moreover, NCs increased the skin penetration of a high-molecular weight dye (Atto Oxa12 NHS ester, MW = 835 g/mol) with respect to formulations in water or 30% DMSO, emphasizing the features of the NCs as a skin penetration enhancer.
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