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Li–Zn Overlayer to Facilitate Uniform Lithium Deposition for Lithium Metal Batteries

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    Energy, Environmental, and Catalysis Applications

    Li–Zn Overlayer to Facilitate Uniform Lithium Deposition for Lithium Metal Batteries
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    • Qiulin Chen
      Qiulin Chen
      McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
      State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Materials Genome, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
      More by Qiulin Chen
    • Hao Li
      Hao Li
      Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
      Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
      More by Hao Li
      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-7577-1366
    • Melissa L. Meyerson
      Melissa L. Meyerson
      Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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    • Rodrigo Rodriguez
      Rodrigo Rodriguez
      McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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    • Kenta Kawashima
      Kenta Kawashima
      Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-7318-6115
    • Jason A. Weeks
      Jason A. Weeks
      Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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    • Hohyun Sun
      Hohyun Sun
      McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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    • Qingshui Xie*
      Qingshui Xie
      State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Materials Genome, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
      *Email [email protected] (Q.X.).
      More by Qingshui Xie
      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-2105-6962
    • Jie Lin
      Jie Lin
      State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Materials Genome, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
      More by Jie Lin
      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-1281-9713
    • Graeme Henkelman
      Graeme Henkelman
      Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
      Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-0336-7153
    • Adam Heller
      Adam Heller
      McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-0181-1246
    • Dong-Liang Peng*
      Dong-Liang Peng
      State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Materials Genome, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
      *Email [email protected] (D.-L.P.).
      More by Dong-Liang Peng
      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-4155-4766
    • C. Buddie Mullins*
      C. Buddie Mullins
      McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
      Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
      *Email [email protected] (C.B.M.).
      More by C. Buddie Mullins
      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-1030-4801
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    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

    Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13, 8, 9985–9993
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c21195
    Published February 16, 2021
    Copyright © 2021 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    The highly reactive nature and rough surface of Li foil can lead to the uncontrollable formation of Li dendrites when employed as an anode in a lithium metal battery. Thus, it could be of great practical utility to create uniform, electrochemically stable, and “lithiophilic” surfaces to realize homogeneous deposition of Li. Herein, a LiZn alloy layer is deposited on the surface of Li foil by e-beam evaporation. The idea is to introduce a uniform alloy surface to increase the active area and make use of the Zn sites to induce homogeneous nucleation of Li. The results show that the alloy film protected the Li metal anode, allowing for a longer cycling life with a lower deposition overpotential over a pure-Li metal anode in symmetric Li cells. Furthermore, full cells pairing the modified lithium anode with a LiFePO4 cathode showed an incremental increase in Coulombic efficiency compared with pure-Li. The concept of using only an alloy modifying layer by an in-situ e-beam deposition synthesis method offers a potential method for enabling lithium metal anodes for next-generation lithium batteries.

    Copyright © 2021 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.0c21195.

    • SEM images of Zn particles on Si substrate, XPS spectra, SEM images of Li deposition behavior on the LiZn/Li surface (with different thicknesses of LiZn), SEM images of Li deposition behavior on Li and the LiZn/Li surface after 100 cycles, additional electrochemical results (voltage profiles and EIS plots) and computational results (PDF)

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    This article is cited by 31 publications.

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    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

    Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13, 8, 9985–9993
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c21195
    Published February 16, 2021
    Copyright © 2021 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

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