Swelling-Assisted Sequential Infiltration Synthesis of Nanoporous ZnO Films with Highly Accessible Pores and Their Sensing Potential for EthanolClick to copy article linkArticle link copied!
- Daniel PleshekDaniel PleshekMaterials Science and Engineering Department and Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Processes Institute, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, Texas 76203, United StatesMore by Daniel Pleshek
- John TranJohn TranMaterials Science and Engineering Department and Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Processes Institute, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, Texas 76203, United StatesMore by John Tran
- Yuzhe LiYuzhe LiMaterials Science and Engineering Department and Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Processes Institute, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, Texas 76203, United StatesMore by Yuzhe Li
- Asghar ShiraniAsghar ShiraniMaterials Science and Engineering Department and Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Processes Institute, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, Texas 76203, United StatesMore by Asghar Shirani
- Elena V. Shevchenko*Elena V. Shevchenko*Email: [email protected]Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United StatesDepartment of Chemistry and James Frank Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United StatesMore by Elena V. Shevchenko
- Diana Berman*Diana Berman*Email: [email protected]Materials Science and Engineering Department and Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Processes Institute, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, Texas 76203, United StatesMore by Diana Berman
Abstract
Here, we report a swelling-assisted sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS) approach for the design of highly porous zinc oxide (ZnO) films by infiltration of block copolymer templates such as polystyrene-block-polyvinyl pyridine with inorganic precursors followed by UV ozone-assisted removal of the polymer template. We show that porous ZnO coatings with the thickness in the range between 140 and 420 nm can be obtained using only five cycles of SIS. The pores in ZnO fabricated via swelling-assisted SIS are highly accessible, and up to 98% of pores are available for solvent penetration. The XPS data indicate that the surface of nanoporous ZnO films is terminated with −OH groups. Density functional theory calculations show a lower energy barrier for ethanol-induced release of the oxygen restricted depletion layer in the case of the presence of −OH groups at the ZnO surface, and hence, it can lead to higher sensitivity in sensing of ethanol. We monitored the response of ZnO porous coatings with different thicknesses and porosities to ethanol vapors using combined mass-based and chemiresistive approaches at room temperature and 90 °C. The porous ZnO conformal coatings reveal a promising sensitivity toward detection of ethanol at low temperatures. Our results suggest the excellent potential of the SIS approach for the design of conformal ZnO coatings with controlled porosity, thickness, and composition that can be adapted for sensing applications.
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